Frontiers in Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Development of genome-wide SSR markers through <i>in silico</i> mining of guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i> L.) genome for genetic diversity analysis and transferability studies across species and genera.","authors":"Kritidipta Pramanik, Amit Kumar Goswami, Chavlesh Kumar, Rakesh Singh, Ratna Prabha, Shailendra Kumar Jha, Madhubala Thakre, Suneha Goswami, Kaustav Aditya, Avantika Maurya, Sagnik Chanda, Prabhanshu Mishra, Shilpa Sarkar, Ankita Kashyap","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1527866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1527866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i> L.) is one of the economically major fruit crops, abundant in nutrients and found growing in tropical-subtropical regions around the world. Ensuring sufficient genomic resources is crucial for crop species to enhance breeding efficiency and facilitate molecular breeding. However, genomic resources, especially microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, are limited in guava. Therefore, novel genome-wide SSR markers were developed by utilizing chromosome assembly (GCA_016432845.1) of the \"New Age\" cultivar through GMATA, a comprehensive software. The software evaluated about 397.8 million base pairs (Mbp) of the guava genome sequence, where 87,372 SSR loci were utilized to design primers, ultimately creating 75,084 new SSR markers. After <i>in silico</i> analysis, a total of 75 g-SSR markers were chosen to screen 35 guava genotypes, encompassing wild <i>Psidium</i> species and five jamun genotypes. Of the 72 amplified novel g-SSR markers (FHTGSSRs), 53 showed polymorphism, suggesting significant genetic variation among the guava genotypes, including wild species. The 53 polymorphic g-SSR markers had an average of 3.04 alleles per locus for 35 selected guava genotypes. Besides, in this study, the mean values recorded for major allele frequency, gene diversity, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were 0.73, 0.38, 0.13, and 0.33, respectively. Among the wild <i>Psidium</i> species studied, the transferability of these novel g-SSR loci across different species was found to be 45.83% to 90.28%. Furthermore, 17 novel g-SSR markers were successfully amplified in all the selected <i>Syzygium</i> genotypes, of which only four markers could differentiate between two <i>Syzygium</i> species. A neighbour-joining (N-J) tree was constructed using 53 polymorphic g-SSR markers and classified 35 guava genotypes into four clades and one outlier, emphasizing the genetic uniqueness of wild <i>Psidium</i> species compared to cultivated genotypes. Model-based structure analysis divided the guava genotypes into two distinct genetic groups, a classification that was strongly supported by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). In addition, the AMOVA and PCoA analyses also indicated substantial genetic diversity among the selected guava genotypes, including wild <i>Psidium</i> species. Hence, the developed novel genome-wide genomic SSRs could enhance the availability of genomic resources and assist in the molecular breeding of guava.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1527866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: MAPK and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways involved in regulating the resistance of upland cotton plants to <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>.","authors":"Mingli Zhang, Yanjun Ma, Yuan Wang, Haifeng Gao, Sifeng Zhao, Yu Yu, Xuekun Zhang, Hui Xi","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1607838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1607838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1451985.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1607838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative GWAS and transcriptomics reveal <i>GhAMT2</i> as a key regulator of cotton resistance to <i>Verticillium wilt</i>.","authors":"Long Wang, Yonglin Yang, Jianghong Qin, Qifeng Ma, Kaikai Qiao, Shuli Fan, Yanying Qu","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1563466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1563466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Verticillium wilt, incited by the soilborne fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, is a severe threat to global cotton (<i>Gossypium</i> spp.) production, resulting in significant yield losses and reduced fiber quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To uncover the genetic and molecular basis of resistance to this devastating disease, we combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptomic analyses in a natural population of 355 upland cotton accessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GWAS identified a stable major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL), <i>qVW-A01-2</i>, on chromosome A01, which harbors the candidate gene <i>GhAMT2</i>, encoding a high-affinity ammonium transporter. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that <i>GhAMT2</i> was significantly upregulated at 12 hours post-inoculation with <i>V. dahliae</i>, coinciding with the activation of immune signaling pathways. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) further linked <i>GhAMT2</i> to critical defense pathways, including lignin biosynthesis, salicylic acid signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, suggesting its role in cell wall reinforcement and systemic immune responses. Functional validation through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) confirmed that silencing <i>GhAMT2</i> compromised disease resistance. In contrast, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing <i>GhAMT2</i> exhibited enhanced resistance to <i>V. dahliae</i>, demonstrating its essential role in defense regulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings establish <i>GhAMT2</i> as a key regulator of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt and highlight its potential for marker-assisted breeding and genetic engineering to improve disease-resistant cotton varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1563466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> 'Boju' under excessive indole-3-acetic acid stress.","authors":"Yuqing Wang, Yingying Duan, Na Chen, Wanyue Ding, Yaowu Liu, Shihai Xing","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1531585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1531585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a key plant hormone involved in regulating development and responses to abiotic stress. However, excessive IAA treatment can induce oxidative stress, impair growth, and potentially lead to plant death. This study investigates the effects of excessive IAA exposure on the growth of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> (Boju), focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We treated <i>C. morifolium</i> with 10 mg/L IAA for nine consecutive days. The impact of this treatment was assessed from various perspectives, including physiological (chlorophyll, carotenoids, and MDA content), biochemical (antioxidant enzyme activities), and molecular (transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IAA treatment significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid levels by 37%, 46%, and 25%, respectively, compared to pre-treatment levels, suggesting that <i>C. morifolium</i> was experiencing stress. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was 1.79 times higher than pre-treatment levels, confirming oxidative stress. To combat this, the plant enhanced its antioxidant defense mechanisms, as shown by a 93.8% increase in peroxidase (POD) activity and a 45% increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Exogenous IAA treatment also led to a significant reduction in endogenous hormone levels, including gibberellins (GA₃ and GA₄), abscisic acid (ABA), and IAA, with decreases of 93%, 45%, 99%, and 99%, respectively.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified 263 differentially expressed metabolites and 144 differentially expressed genes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that <i>C. morifolium</i> is experiencing stress under prolonged IAA treatment and likely limits its growth by reducing endogenous hormone levels to mitigate oxidative stress. The transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed the upregulation of stress-related genes, including proB (Glutamate 5-kinase), proA (Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase), GAD (Glutamate decarboxylase), and peroxidases, alongside the downregulation of PK (Pyruvate kinase), indicateing a complex response involving the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis, coumaric acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. This study highlights the nonlinear effects of IAA on plant growth and stress responses, emphasizing the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in coping with excessive IAA-induced stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1531585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the shikimate kinase gene from <i>Baphicacanthus cusia</i>.","authors":"Yuxiang Huang, Hexin Tan, Qing Li, Xunxun Wu, Zhiying Guo, Junfeng Chen, Lei Zhang, Yong Diao","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1560891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1560891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Baphicacanthus cusia</i> (Nee) Bremek, a perennial herbaceous plant with medicinal properties, has limited genomic insights regarding the genes involved in its indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the <i>BcSK</i> gene was isolated and cloned from the transcriptome data of <i>B. cusia</i>. The full-length cDNA of <i>BcSK</i> is 1,657 bp, comprising a 265 bp 5' UTR, a 507 bp 3' UTR, and an 885 bp ORF encoding 295 amino acids. The exon-intron structure of <i>BcSK</i> consists of four exons and three introns. Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of homology between <i>BcSK</i> and its counterparts in various plant species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that <i>BcSK</i> expression was significantly altered under abiotic stress conditions, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The gene was predominantly expressed in flowers compared to roots, stems, and leaves. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that <i>BcSK</i> is primarily expressed in chloroplasts, confirming that the conversion of shikimic acid to shikimate-3-phosphate occurs in this organelle. Prokaryotic expression and enzyme activity assays demonstrated that the heterologously expressed <i>BcSK</i> protein catalyzed the conversion of shikimic acid to shikimate-3-phosphate. Furthermore, the ectopic overexpression of <i>BcSK</i> in <i>Isatis indigotica</i> significantly enhanced the biosynthetic flux toward indole alkaloids, including indole, indigo, and indirubin. In conclusion, this study identifies and characterizes a novel <i>BcSK</i> gene, providing new insights and potential applications for the metabolic engineering of <i>B. cusia</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1560891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic amendments with <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i> residues enhance growth, leaf gas exchange, and bioactive component levels.","authors":"Lei Liu, Hong-Na Mu, Ze-Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1594905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1594905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracted residue of <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i> (a valuable medicinal plant) rhizome is discarded as waste, while it is unclear whether returning this residue to the field would be beneficial for the growth and its active component production of <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i>. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i> residues (PRs) to the field on plant growth, photosynthetic activities, root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels, active component (polydatin, resveratrol, and emodin) contents, and the expression of resveratrol-associated genes (<i>PcRS</i> and <i>PcPKS1</i>) in <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i> plants. The experiment comprised four treatments, namely, the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg/667 m² and the application of PRs at rates of 1500 kg/667 m² (PR1500), 2500 kg/667 m² (PR2500), and 4000 kg/667 m² (PR4000), along with a control (CK) receiving no additional substances. Two years later, the application of both the compound fertilizer and PR treatments led to substantial increases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, number of nodes on main stems, and aboveground (leaf, branch, and main stem) and root biomass production, depending on used doses of PRs applied. Among them, the PR2500 treatment exhibited the superior performance. Additionally, these treatments significantly boosted root IAA (11.0-41.7%) and ZR (17.8-46.0%) levels, with the PR2500 treatment demonstrating the highest efficacy. Root IAA and ZR levels were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) positively correlated with root biomass. All treatments, except for PR4000, significantly elevated SPAD values, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO₂ concentration in leaves, with PR2500 showing the most pronounced improvements. Fertilization and PR treatments significantly boosted root polydatin (6.6-22.0%), emodin (12.1-43.3%), and resveratrol (17.8-69.3%, except for PR4000) levels, along with a significant up-regulation of <i>PcRS</i> expression and a significant down-regulation of <i>PcPKS1</i> expression in roots. In short, organic amendments like PRs, particularly at a rate of 2500 kg/667 m², can be a viable alternative to traditional fertilizers for enhancing the plant growth and its active component levels of <i>P</i>. <i>cuspidatum</i>, making them a cornerstone of eco-friendly farming practices and sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1594905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal stem growth analysis shows early stem growth of <i>Miscanthus</i> from high latitudes yields more biomass but stem traits negatively interact to limit seasonal growth.","authors":"Paul R H Robson, Sarah Hawkins, Christopher L Davey, John C Clifton-Brown, Gancho Slavov","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1569235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1569235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High yielding perennial grasses are utilised as biomass for the bioeconomy and to displace fossil fuels. <i>Miscanthus</i> is a perennial grass used as a source of biomass but most of the cultivated crop is limited to a naturally occurring hybrid <i>M. × giganteus</i>. <i>Miscanthus</i> species originate from an extensive latitudinal and longitudinal range across Asia and thus have considerable potential to diversify the crop and improve yield. In previous studies stem morphological traits correlated strongly with yield in <i>Miscanthus</i> but little is known about how the development of stem growth may be optimised across the growth season. The aims of this study are to identify strategies to optimise seasonal growth duration and improve yield. To do this yield and seasonal stem elongation were measured from large numbers of diverse genotypes and functional data analysis used to characterise and compare the diverse perennial stem growth strategies. A diversity trial of over 900 genotypes was established in three replicates in the field at Aberystwyth, UK. Stem elongation was measured across the entire season for 3 consecutive years and the Richards growth function was fitted to model growth. Differentials, double differentials and integrals of the parameterised functions produced six growth characteristics, describing the growth rate, the timing and duration of the logarithmic growth phase and the integral of stem growth. Plants were also assessed for yield and moisture content. Growth traits from all plants in the diversity trial were moderately correlated, were correlated with biomass moisture content but less so to accumulated dry weight of biomass. Plants that grew for longer tended to have lower growth rates, but individual exceptions were identified. Plants with a similar duration of logarithmic growth achieved greater growth rates and harvestable yield if growth began earlier in the season and early season growth was mostly explained by latitude and altitude from which the accessions were collected. Stem growth traits were highly heritable and there was a significant effect of species on all growth characteristics. We discuss the possible interactions between growth and developmental control in perennials that may be exploited to improve yield in these crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1569235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of Csa-miR159s and their expression patterns under different abiotic stresses in cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.).","authors":"Zhenxiang Zhao, Wenhong Ao, Weirong Luo, Yaoguang Sun, Vijay Yadav Tokala, Junjun Liu, Shenshen Zhi, Yongdong Sun","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1518406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1518406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The miR159 gene family plays an essential role in plant growth and development, and stress response. Nevertheless, there are no reports defining its specific function in cucumber fruit expansion and response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we retrieved six Csa-miR159 sequences from the EnsemblPlants database, which were located on chromosome 1, chromosome 3, and chromosome 5 of cucumber, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Csa-miR159c/d/e/f belonged to one branch and Csa-miR159a/b to another. <i>C</i>is-acting regulatory elements (CREs) including light response elements, phytohormone response elements, stress response elements, regulatory elements associated with plant growth and development were distributed unevenly in the promoter regions of Csa-miR159s, which indicated that Csa-miR159s might mediate the stress response, and growth and development. Moreover, it was determined that <i>CsMYBs</i> were the target genes of Csa-miR159s through psRNA-Target prediction and qRT-PCR analysis. Further findings suggested that Csa-miR159b might negatively regulate cucumber fruit expansion by targeting <i>Cs1RMYB9</i>, <i>Cs1RMYB31</i>, <i>Cs2RMYB37</i> and <i>Cs2RMYB64</i>. Similarly, Csa-miR159d might negatively regulate cucumber fruit expansion by targeting <i>Cs2RMYB27</i> and <i>Cs2RMYB32</i>. In addition, the differential expression of Csa-miR159s suggested their potential response to abiotic stresses and plant phytohormones. This study would provide valuable information on the molecular characterization of Csa-miR159s and establish a foundation for further research on the mechanisms of Csa-miR159s in regulating fruit expansion and stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1518406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of oxylipins in <i>Cannabis</i> to enhance cannabinoid production.","authors":"Gayathree I Senevirathne, Anthony R Gendall, Kim L Johnson, Matthew T Welling","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1568548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1568548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytocannabinoids are medically important specialized defense compounds that are sparsely distributed among plants, yet <i>Cannabis sativa</i> can synthesize unprecedented amounts of these compounds within highly specialized surface cell factories known as glandular trichomes. The control mechanisms that allow for this high level of productivity are poorly understood at the molecular level, although increasing evidence supports the role of oxylipin metabolism in phytocannabinoid production. Oxylipins are a large class of lipid-based oxygenated biological signaling molecules. Although some oxylipins are known to participate in plant defense, roles for the majority of the ca. 600 plant oxylipins are largely unknown. In this review, we examine oxylipin gene expression within glandular trichomes and identify key oxylipin genes that determine the fate of common lipid precursors. Mechanisms by which oxylipins may be interacting with phytocannabinoid metabolism, as well as specialized plant metabolism more broadly, are discussed and a model summarizing these contributions proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1568548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation at the major facilitator superfamily <i>ZIFL1</i> gene influences zinc concentration of barley grain.","authors":"Girma Fana Dinsa, Joanne Russell, Brian Steffenson, Claire Halpin, Robbie Waugh","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1539029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1539029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food and nutritional security are global challenges exacerbated by an increasing human population and impacted by climate change. Barley is among the top cereal crops grown worldwide and is a strategic crop for food and nutrition security in several geographical domains. However, barley grains are generally limited in iron and zinc, two major micronutrient deficiencies affecting billions of people around the world, but particularly women and children in developing countries. One promising strategy to enhance crop micronutrient status is via biofortification, the identification and use of nutrient-rich natural variants in crop genetic improvement. Germplasm assessed as being rich in essential nutrients are used as parental materials in traditional breeding strategies. While simple in theory, directly assessing grain nutrient concentration as a phenotype in a crop breeding program is not trivial, particularly in lesser developed geographies. As an alternative, genetic diagnostics can simplify the identification of desirable progenies and accelerate the breeding process. Here we explored natural variation for grain zinc concentration within 296 Ethiopian and Eritrean barley landraces using a genome-wide association study. We found strong associations with two SNPs, both of which were located within the barley ortholog of a tonoplast-associated major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene, Zinc induced facilitator-like 1 (ZIFL1) of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (<i>AtZIFL1)</i>. Sequence-based haplotype analysis of the barley gene (<i>HvZIFL1)</i> extended this association to a 153-162 bp deletion in a non-coding region. The favourable haplotype, associated with higher grain Zn concentration, was found in ~20% of Ethiopian and Eritrean barley germplasm. Markers are designed to the diagnostic SNPs for use as molecular diagnostics in breeding for genotypes with enhanced grain Zn.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1539029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}