高粱作为单株植物干旱研究的模型。

IF 4.1 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Frontiers in Plant Science Pub Date : 2025-09-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1665967
Juan B Fontanet-Manzaneque, Daniela M Hernández, Andrea Giordano, Ana I Caño-Delgado
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引用次数: 0

摘要

气候变化正在加剧干旱事件,对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁。高粱双色(L.)高粱(Moench)是一种C4单子叶草,由于其对水分限制的天然耐受性和对半干旱和干旱环境的适应性,正成为干旱研究的有价值的模型。与水稻、玉米和小麦等主要谷物相比,高粱种植所需的水分要少得多,这使其成为在缺水条件下维持农业生产力的一种有吸引力的作物。事实上,在雨养系统中,高粱的用水量比水稻少34%,在灌溉系统中,高粱的用水量比水稻少50%,用水稻代替高粱可能会减少33%的用水需求。高粱对水分的需求较低,加上TX430和BTx623等常用品种的紧凑生长,使其成为一个实用的实验系统,特别是在基因组编辑研究中。玉米具有密切的遗传相似性,也属于禾本科亚科,它可能特别受益于基于高粱的见解。高粱还克服了拟南芥等模式物种的关键限制,提供了与单子叶作物更大的相关性。此外,代谢组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、表型组学、种群基因组学和泛基因组学的进展正在扩大我们对高粱抗旱能力的分子和生理机制的理解。尽管有这些优势,但在转化效率和基因组工具的可用性方面仍然存在挑战。本文综述了高粱的抗旱机制,现有的组学和遗传工具,描述了干旱相关基因和调控网络,以及在气候适应型作物开发中基因操作的局限性和进展。高粱独特地结合了主粮作物和模式生物的优势,使其成为强大的下一代气候适应型农业系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sorghum as a monocot model for drought research.

Climate change is intensifying drought events, posing a major threat to global food security. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sorghum), a C4 monocot grass, is emerging as a valuable model for drought research due to its natural tolerance to water limitation and adaptability to semi-arid and arid environments. Sorghum cultivation requires significantly less water than major cereals such as rice, maize, and wheat, making it an attractive crop for sustaining agricultural productivity under water-limiting conditions. In fact, Sorghum uses up to 34% less water than rice in rainfed systems and up to 50% less under irrigation, with rice-to-Sorghum substitution potentially reducing water demand by 33%. Its lower water requirements, along with the compact growth of commonly used accessions such as TX430 and BTx623, make Sorghum a practical system for experimentation, particularly in genome editing studies. Maize, which shares close genetic similarity and also belongs to the Panicoideae subfamily, could particularly benefit from Sorghum-based insights. Sorghum also overcomes key limitations of model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, offering greater relevance to monocot crops. Additionally, advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics, population genomics and pangenomics are expanding our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying Sorghum's drought resilience. Despite these advantages, challenges remain in transformation efficiency and the availability of genomic tools. This review highlights Sorghum's drought tolerance mechanisms, available omics and genetic tools, described drought-related genes and regulatory networks, and the limitations and progress in gene manipulation for climate-resilient crop development. Sorghum uniquely combines the advantages of a staple crop and a model organism, making it a powerful next-generation system for climate-resilient agriculture.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Plant Science
Frontiers in Plant Science PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
4844
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: In an ever changing world, plant science is of the utmost importance for securing the future well-being of humankind. Plants provide oxygen, food, feed, fibers, and building materials. In addition, they are a diverse source of industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals. Plants are centrally important to the health of ecosystems, and their understanding is critical for learning how to manage and maintain a sustainable biosphere. Plant science is extremely interdisciplinary, reaching from agricultural science to paleobotany, and molecular physiology to ecology. It uses the latest developments in computer science, optics, molecular biology and genomics to address challenges in model systems, agricultural crops, and ecosystems. Plant science research inquires into the form, function, development, diversity, reproduction, evolution and uses of both higher and lower plants and their interactions with other organisms throughout the biosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes outstanding contributions in any field of plant science from basic to applied research, from organismal to molecular studies, from single plant analysis to studies of populations and whole ecosystems, and from molecular to biophysical to computational approaches. Frontiers in Plant Science publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Plant Science. The mission of Frontiers in Plant Science is to bring all relevant Plant Science areas together on a single platform.
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