Fuel Cells最新文献

{"title":"Screen Printing Catalyst Inks With Enhanced Process Stability for PEM Fuel Cell Production","authors":"Linda Ney,&nbsp;Nikolas Seidl,&nbsp;Rajveer Singh,&nbsp;Patrick Schneider,&nbsp;Dominik Stross,&nbsp;Andreas Göppentin,&nbsp;Sebastian Tepner,&nbsp;Matthias Klingele,&nbsp;Roman Keding","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current state-of-the-art coating techniques for PEM fuel cell electrode manufacturing such as slot-die coating use closed ink reservoirs, allowing low boiling point solvents as the dispersion matrix for solid components of the catalyst ink. Applying such low boiling point inks to printing methods that expose catalyst inks to air, like flatbed screen printing, results in an instable and nonscalable production process due to the successive evaporation of these solvents. Within this study, a total of 12 different solvents are examined for process stability and electrochemical performance when applied with flatbed screen printing. Ink characteristics, such as contact angle, rheology, and sedimentation experiments, are quantified to reveal the most suitable set of solvents, enabling the use of open-reservoir printing methods like flatbed screen printing. Additionally, electrochemical in situ characterization of catalyst-coated membranes showed that 1,2-propanediol and 1-heptanol are solvents that combine process stability with high fuel cell performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.202400158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study on the Effect of the Combined Radial Flow Field on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells","authors":"Weidong Wu,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Zongming Huang,&nbsp;Menghan Li,&nbsp;Xiaori Liu,&nbsp;Zhonghao Rao","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the flow field structure has a crucial influence on the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, in this research, the radial flow field R-0 is designed and optimized based on the characteristics of the annular serpentine and annular flow channels to form combined flow field structure (R-1 to R-5). Subsequently, a three-dimensional and two-phase model is established and the effects of each flow field on the cell performance are numerically investigated. Results indicate that the R-0 can enhance the gas vertical velocity on the diffusion-catalyst interface compared to the parallel flow field, which increases the effective concentration of reaction gases within the catalyst layer, thereby accelerating the electrochemical reaction rate, and the performance of the combined flow fields is further improved. In addition, the effect of the percentage of annular serpentine within the combined flow field on the concentration distribution, uniformity, and output performance is analyzed. Results indicate that increasing the percentage of annular serpentine structure can increase the pressure between adjacent channels, and thus the higher pressure and concentration gradient generated can enhance the gas transport and reduce the water accumulation under the ribs thus effectively improving the cell performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanofiber/Nanoparticle Electrodes for Ultra-low Platinum Fuel Cells via Simultaneous Foam Electrospinning and Electrospraying","authors":"Dohyun Kim,&nbsp;Rui Sun,&nbsp;Yossef A. Elabd","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we developed a new technique, simultaneous foam electrospinning and electrospraying (FE/E), that produces nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at higher production rates compared to needle-based electrospinning and electrospraying (E/E). Herein, the nanofiber amount was precisely controlled by applying various voltages on the foam electrospinning process at a fixed platinum (Pt) loading, which enables an exclusive investigation into the impact of ionomer nanofiber on fuel cell performance at ultra-low Pt loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The results show that fuel cell performance is strongly dependent on ionomer nanofiber content. At 0.04 mg/cm² nanofiber amount, the electrodes exhibited the highest fuel cell power density of 1.09 W/cm² and Pt utilization of 11.5 kW/g_Pt, which are 28% and 39% higher than those of the electrode produced via electrospraying alone, respectively. The improvement results from enhanced proton and gas transport stemming from the nanofiber network as verified by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and oxygen gain voltage analysis. The FE/E technique provides a pathway to produce ultra-low Pt nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at high production rates and high fuel cell performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction and Anammox for Treatment of Wastewater With Low C/N Ratio Nitrate","authors":"Weichun Gao,&nbsp;Yan Du,&nbsp;Xueying Liu,&nbsp;Libao Zhang,&nbsp;Dan Li","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The treatment of high concentration and low C/N ratio of nitrate wastewater is a promising and challenging research topic. Combining electrochemical reduction and anammox is a technology with great development potential for nitrogen removal from wastewater. In this work, Cu─Ag─Co cathode materials were prepared by two-step electrodeposition method. The effect of current density and initial pH value on nitrate reduction efficiency was investigated in a single chamber electrolytic cell equipped with Cu─Ag─Co cathode and Ti/RuO₂─IrO₂ anode. The results showed that under the conditions of initial NO₃⁻─N concentration of 500 mg L⁻¹, Na₂SO₄ concentration of 0.125 mol L⁻¹, current density of 10 mA cm⁻², initial pH value of 7, and treatment time of 5 h, NO₃⁻─N removal ratio was 84.5%, the concentration of NO₂⁻─N and NH₄⁺─N was 180.2 mg L⁻¹ and 173.2 mg L⁻¹. Wastewater with a concentration ratio of NO₂⁻─N and NH₄⁺─N of 1.04:1 meets the influent requirements for anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Through the combination process, the final NO₃⁻─N removal ratio was 82.6%, the NO₂⁻─N concentration was 3.2 mg L⁻¹, and the NH₄⁺─N concentration was 26.4 mg L⁻¹. It provided a reference for the treatment of wastewater with low C/N ratio nitrate by combining electrochemical reduction and anammox.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Integration of Hydrogen Technologies to Access Economic Sustainability (EFCF2023)","authors":"Michael H. Eikerling,&nbsp;Olivier Bucheli,&nbsp;Yannis Ieropoulos,&nbsp;Ludovic Jourdin,&nbsp;Petra Bele","doi":"10.1002/fuce.2024701013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.2024701013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 27th edition of the European Fuel Cell Forum with a focus on Low Temperature Electrolyzers, Fuel Cells, and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Processing saw the return to the normal in-person conference modus. With the hitherto highest number of participants of the low-temperature conference branch, an excellent line-up of oral and poster presentations, and an overall positive vibe in conversations, the conference asserted the standing of the EFCF as the prime forum for scientific-technical exchanges on electrochemical hydrogen technologies in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The drive towards hydrogen as the currency of a sustainable global economy is as dynamic as ever. Yet, enabling the epochal energy transition through market-ready water electrolysis and fuel cell technologies remains an ambitious undertaking, especially when facing the immediacy of rapidly transforming climate and ecological systems. It needs unprecedented alignment of efforts from scientists, technology developers, and system integrators, driven by a high awareness of socioeconomic and environmental needs and relying on unwavering government support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘Integration’, the motto of the EFCF2023 conference, refers to the realization that any challenge related to the performance or stability of fuel cell or electrolyzer technologies, even if it originates deep at the materials level, will not be solved in isolation. It necessitates integration from an early stage, to be achieved scale-to-scale, component-to-component, and lab-to-lab, and combining modeling and characterization in meaningful ways. Challenged by the socioeconomic and political landscape and aligning with this motto, EFCF2023 kept its focus on fundamental understanding of electrocatalyst materials and reaction kinetics, as well as progresses and current issues for fuel cell and electrolyzer systems and their integration across the different physical levels. Furthermore, contributions related to advanced modelling and diagnostics, as well as engineering, system integration, and demonstration of real-world devices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In total 172 papers were presented at EFCF2023, of which 108 have been presented orally. Several poster presentations also prepared as an MP4 record presentation accessible to conference participants through EFCF's website also after the conference, similar to the recorded oral presentations. Finally, a limited number of scientific papers have been selected to become part of this Special Issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alongside EFCF2023, the 5th International Microbial/Enzymatic Electrochemistry Platform Symposium (MEEP2023) was held. This event sparked lively discussions on the use of microbial cells and enzymes as ‘catalysts’ in various electrochemical systems, ranging from electricity generation in microbial fuel cells to the conversion of carbon dioxide into chemicals and fuels in microbial electrosynthesis systems. To bring these technologies to industrial scale, it is essential to explore both fundamental and applied engineering aspects—a","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.2024701013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Fuel Cells 5/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/fuce.2024701014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.2024701014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EFCF conferences in series continued with 27th edition of the European Fuel Cell Forum with a focus on Low Temperature Electrolyzers, Fuel Cells &amp; H₂ Processing, and for the first time alongside with the 5th International Microbial/Enzymatic Electrochemistry Platform Symposium (MEEP2023), taking place between 4 – 7 of July 2023 in Lucerene, Switzerland.</p><p>The 27th edition of the European Fuel Cell Forum with the motto ‘Integration’ provided a global overview of the current ECFC technology developments within a well-balanced program, covering technology development and scientific achievements, from fundamental research to the latest achievements in terms of demonstrations.</p><p>Also, for the first time the 5th International Microbial/Enzymatic Electrochemistry Platform Symposium (MEEP2023) was held together with the EFCF forum. The MEEP2023 symposium covered topics such as microbial biofilm functions, electron transfer mechanisms, novel materials and bio-hybrids, multiscale mass transport, and scale-up challenges.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.2024701014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage and Fuel Utilization Control Strategy for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control","authors":"Zhengling Lei,&nbsp;Chaojun Guan,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Haibo Huo,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Guoquan Yao","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems have become a research focus because of their clean and high-efficiency properties. Control of output voltage and fuel utilization is critical to the energy management for multi-energy systems incorporating SOFC energy supply. However, maintaining precise control of the system's voltage in the presence of perturbations can be challenging. Moreover, the system's voltage control process can lead to fuel utilization fluctuations, which may affect the economy and safety. The design of the controller must meet both of these requirements. The stringent control requirements lead to poor parameter adaptability of existing controllers. This paper designs a nonlinear function and adopts a nonlinear/linear active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based on state switching to solve the output voltage tracking control problem of SOFC and maintain the fuel utilization rate in the ideal range. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of strong and superior parameter adaptability with less control effort, which provides theoretical guidance for the design of the output voltage controller of the actual SOFC system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Structure Simulations of the Platinum/Support/Ionomer Interface in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells","authors":"Xin Gui,&nbsp;Alexander A. Auer","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202400117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202400117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we present electronic structure calculations to quantify and rationalize the interactions between catalyst, support, ionomer, and active molecular species in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Quantifying interaction energies and their scaling with size allows us to rationalize and compare the fundamental driving forces behind structure formation and material properties. Our basic approach involves simplifying the most important interactions between different components using smaller model systems, such as limited-size platinum nanoparticles, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (graphene flakes), and fragments of various functional units of the Nafion ionomer while applying unbiased first-principles (density functional theory) simulation methods. To guide this quantification, we propose an analysis based on the linear dependence of interaction energy on the number of interacting atom pairs in the interface. This enables us to compare and categorize interactions between catalyst, ionomer, and support with interactions like catalyst–reactant and catalyst–catalyst poison.</p>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fuce.202400117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Energy Management in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: A Prognostic Perspective on Dual Energy Source Degradation","authors":"Nannan Sun,&nbsp;Xintong Li,&nbsp;Fuqiang Xi,&nbsp;Xuesong Shen,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Cheng,&nbsp;Haitao Liu,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jianwen Meng,&nbsp;Meiling Yue","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202300182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202300182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fuel cell technology is a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engines in various applications, especially in transportation applications. This paper proposes a framework of strategic energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which is developed to safeguard the dual vehicle energy sources, that is, fuel cells and power batteries. This is accomplished by applying an energy management strategy (EMS) from a prognostic perspective. A fuzzy energy management approach is used to manage the power flow in the FCEV, enabling safe and predefined operation at multiple degradation points. To guarantee reliable and continuous energy source functioning, prognostics algorithms are incorporated into the EMS to identify energy source degradation. The prediction results are integrated into the controller by refining the controller parameters geometrically. Simulation outcomes show that the proposed EMS offers efficient use the dual energy sources, which improves the durability of the energy sources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Catalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Applied to Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Clemens Fink,&nbsp;Joel Mata Edjokola,&nbsp;Marijo Telenta,&nbsp;Merit Bodner","doi":"10.1002/fuce.202300237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202300237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, the following degradation mechanisms are associated with the catalyst particles and their support: carbon support corrosion triggered by carbon and platinum oxidation, platinum dissolution with redeposition, and particle detachment with agglomeration. In this work, an electrochemical model for those degradation effects is presented as well as its coupling with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics PEM fuel cell performance model. The overall model is used to calculate polarization curves and current density distributions of a PEM fuel cell in a fresh and aged state as well as the degradation process during an accelerated stress test with 30 000 voltage cycles. The obtained simulation results are compared to measurements on a three-serpentine channel PEM fuel cell with an active area of 25 cm² under various temperatures and humidities. The experimental data are obtained with a segmented test cell using respective degradation protocols and test conditions proposed by the United States Department of Energy. In addition to the temperature and humidity changes, the influence of geometry and material parameters on the degree of degradation and the resulting fuel cell performance is explored in detail.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}