Fuel Cells最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance With Roughened Cathode Channels and Novel Silicone Baffles","authors":"Niyi Olukayode,&nbsp;Shenrong Ye,&nbsp;Mingruo Hu,&nbsp;Yanjun Dai,&nbsp;Yi Yu,&nbsp;Jian Dong,&nbsp;Sheng Sui","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficient water management and reactant transport is critical for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we present a synergistic strategy for flow field (FF) optimization by integrating mechanically textured surface roughness with flexible silicone baffles on the cathode FF to enhance reactant delivery and suppress flooding. Characterization techniques, including polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), equivalent circuit modeling (ECM), and distribution of relaxation times (DRT), are employed to evaluate performance. Results show that medium surface roughness (Ra ∼ 4 µm) optimally balances pressure drop and reactant diffusion, improving performance by 2.85% at 3A1C and 10.24% at 3A3C (where mAnC denotes m-serpentine at the anode and n-serpentine at the cathode). The integration of novel hydrophobic silicone baffles disrupts laminar flow, induces turbulence, and reduces mass transport resistance, resulting in performance enhancements ranging from 3.34% to 19.20%. ECM and DRT analyses reveal significant reductions in charge transfer and mass transport resistances, particularly above 0.8 A cm⁻². This dual-engineered approach enhances reaction kinetics and mitigates electrode flooding, underscoring the conjoint influence of flow geometry, surface topography, and flow perturbation on PEMFC performance. This work establishes a multi-scale optimization framework for FF design, offering a pathway toward high-performance PEMFCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance With Roughened Cathode Channels and Novel Silicone Baffles","authors":"Niyi Olukayode,&nbsp;Shenrong Ye,&nbsp;Mingruo Hu,&nbsp;Yanjun Dai,&nbsp;Yi Yu,&nbsp;Jian Dong,&nbsp;Sheng Sui","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficient water management and reactant transport is critical for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we present a synergistic strategy for flow field (FF) optimization by integrating mechanically textured surface roughness with flexible silicone baffles on the cathode FF to enhance reactant delivery and suppress flooding. Characterization techniques, including polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), equivalent circuit modeling (ECM), and distribution of relaxation times (DRT), are employed to evaluate performance. Results show that medium surface roughness (Ra ∼ 4 µm) optimally balances pressure drop and reactant diffusion, improving performance by 2.85% at 3A1C and 10.24% at 3A3C (where mAnC denotes m-serpentine at the anode and n-serpentine at the cathode). The integration of novel hydrophobic silicone baffles disrupts laminar flow, induces turbulence, and reduces mass transport resistance, resulting in performance enhancements ranging from 3.34% to 19.20%. ECM and DRT analyses reveal significant reductions in charge transfer and mass transport resistances, particularly above 0.8 A cm⁻². This dual-engineered approach enhances reaction kinetics and mitigates electrode flooding, underscoring the conjoint influence of flow geometry, surface topography, and flow perturbation on PEMFC performance. This work establishes a multi-scale optimization framework for FF design, offering a pathway toward high-performance PEMFCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Strategy of Flooding Avoidance With Active Humidifier System for High Performance Automotive Fuel Cell Systems","authors":"Huu Linh Nguyen,&nbsp;Jongbin Woo,&nbsp;Duc-Dzung Le,&nbsp;Sangseok Yu","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dynamic proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system model for automotive applications is developed, integrating fuel cell stack, compressor, humidifier, and bypass valve to study membrane humidity regulation. Results indicate that the bypass ratio is a key determinant of fuel cell humidity. Lower ratios enhance membrane hydration but increase flooding risk, while higher ratios reduce flooding at the expense of under-hydration and higher internal resistance. Optimized bypass management ensures balanced hydration and performance. Two dynamic control strategies are proposed to maintain 100% membrane hydration and prevent flooding: one based on cathode water mass and the other on membrane water content. Both approaches successfully adjust the humidifier bypass ratio during load transients, keeping the cathode relative humidity close to 100% while avoiding flooding. The water mass-based approach better limits liquid accumulation and flooding, whereas the water content-based approach prioritizes membrane hydration. Selection of the strategy should depend on the operational goal, either maximizing membrane durability or minimizing flooding risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Comparative Evaluation of System Layouts for Methane-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Systems","authors":"Shuxue Mei,&nbsp;Yucong Fan,&nbsp;Xiucheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Shixue Wang","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enhancing the thermodynamic performance of solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power (SOFC–CHP) systems requires moving beyond parameter tuning toward systematic optimization of thermal-integration architecture. For a methane-fueled SOFC–CHP system, this study constructs a comprehensive layout space by combining flow paths of stack off-gas and exhaust, and applies temperature–heat transfer diagram analysis for front-end thermodynamic feasibility screening. Among 48 candidate layouts, only seven satisfy the feasibility criterion. The screening further shows that placing air preheating at the end of the heat-integration sequence is necessary to prevent premature consumption of high-grade heat and to maintain sufficient thermal driving force for reforming and evaporation. Detailed simulation models are developed for each feasible layout, and performance is compared under a baseline condition and across variations. Results demonstrate that system layout decisively governs overall performance, with a 12% difference in overall efficiency between the best and worst layouts. Specifically, the layout in which SOFC off-gas is combusted directly and the resulting exhaust sequentially supplies heat to the reformer, evaporator, and air preheater achieves the best performance. This work confirms the benefits of layout-level optimization and identifies a reference architecture for high efficiency methane-fueled SOFC–CHP design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Strategy of Flooding Avoidance With Active Humidifier System for High Performance Automotive Fuel Cell Systems","authors":"Huu Linh Nguyen,&nbsp;Jongbin Woo,&nbsp;Duc-Dzung Le,&nbsp;Sangseok Yu","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dynamic proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system model for automotive applications is developed, integrating fuel cell stack, compressor, humidifier, and bypass valve to study membrane humidity regulation. Results indicate that the bypass ratio is a key determinant of fuel cell humidity. Lower ratios enhance membrane hydration but increase flooding risk, while higher ratios reduce flooding at the expense of under-hydration and higher internal resistance. Optimized bypass management ensures balanced hydration and performance. Two dynamic control strategies are proposed to maintain 100% membrane hydration and prevent flooding: one based on cathode water mass and the other on membrane water content. Both approaches successfully adjust the humidifier bypass ratio during load transients, keeping the cathode relative humidity close to 100% while avoiding flooding. The water mass-based approach better limits liquid accumulation and flooding, whereas the water content-based approach prioritizes membrane hydration. Selection of the strategy should depend on the operational goal, either maximizing membrane durability or minimizing flooding risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Comparative Evaluation of System Layouts for Methane-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Systems","authors":"Shuxue Mei,&nbsp;Yucong Fan,&nbsp;Xiucheng Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Zhu,&nbsp;Shixue Wang","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enhancing the thermodynamic performance of solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power (SOFC–CHP) systems requires moving beyond parameter tuning toward systematic optimization of thermal-integration architecture. For a methane-fueled SOFC–CHP system, this study constructs a comprehensive layout space by combining flow paths of stack off-gas and exhaust, and applies temperature–heat transfer diagram analysis for front-end thermodynamic feasibility screening. Among 48 candidate layouts, only seven satisfy the feasibility criterion. The screening further shows that placing air preheating at the end of the heat-integration sequence is necessary to prevent premature consumption of high-grade heat and to maintain sufficient thermal driving force for reforming and evaporation. Detailed simulation models are developed for each feasible layout, and performance is compared under a baseline condition and across variations. Results demonstrate that system layout decisively governs overall performance, with a 12% difference in overall efficiency between the best and worst layouts. Specifically, the layout in which SOFC off-gas is combusted directly and the resulting exhaust sequentially supplies heat to the reformer, evaporator, and air preheater achieves the best performance. This work confirms the benefits of layout-level optimization and identifies a reference architecture for high efficiency methane-fueled SOFC–CHP design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for Accurate Parameter Extraction of PEM Fuel Cell","authors":"Damla Yağci,&nbsp;Hadi Genceli,&nbsp;Oğuz Emrah Turgut","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are highly promising for producing clean and efficient energy. However, their complex electrochemical behavior, shaped by activation, ohmic, and concentration losses, requires accurate modeling and precise parameter estimation to ensure optimized performance. In this study, guided manta ray foraging optimization (GMANTA), an improved version of the original Manta Ray Foraging Optimization algorithm, is used to estimate key parameters in semiempirical PEMFC voltage models. Studies that simultaneously analyze multiple commercially available PEMFC stacks, such as the Horizon 500 W, BCW 500 W, and SR-12, are relatively scarce in the literature. Consequently, incorporating three experimentally obtained datasets in this study helps fill this gap and provides a more comprehensive and realistic validation framework for metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The proposed method offers a unique contribution by enabling highly accurate parameter identification across varying pressures and temperatures, using a small population size and few iterations. The approach reduces the error between simulated and measured voltage–current (<i>V</i>–<i>I</i>) data, ensuring that the models effectively capture the underlying physical phenomena. To assess the robustness and reliability of the method, GMANTA is compared with eight other well-established metaheuristic algorithms, and differences in error rates among these algorithms are analyzed statistically.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for Accurate Parameter Extraction of PEM Fuel Cell","authors":"Damla Yağci,&nbsp;Hadi Genceli,&nbsp;Oğuz Emrah Turgut","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are highly promising for producing clean and efficient energy. However, their complex electrochemical behavior, shaped by activation, ohmic, and concentration losses, requires accurate modeling and precise parameter estimation to ensure optimized performance. In this study, guided manta ray foraging optimization (GMANTA), an improved version of the original Manta Ray Foraging Optimization algorithm, is used to estimate key parameters in semiempirical PEMFC voltage models. Studies that simultaneously analyze multiple commercially available PEMFC stacks, such as the Horizon 500 W, BCW 500 W, and SR-12, are relatively scarce in the literature. Consequently, incorporating three experimentally obtained datasets in this study helps fill this gap and provides a more comprehensive and realistic validation framework for metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The proposed method offers a unique contribution by enabling highly accurate parameter identification across varying pressures and temperatures, using a small population size and few iterations. The approach reduces the error between simulated and measured voltage–current (<i>V</i>–<i>I</i>) data, ensuring that the models effectively capture the underlying physical phenomena. To assess the robustness and reliability of the method, GMANTA is compared with eight other well-established metaheuristic algorithms, and differences in error rates among these algorithms are analyzed statistically.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency and Performance Analysis of SOFC Integrated With S-CO2 Brayton Cycles: A Comprehensive Study on Waste Heat Utilization","authors":"Semanur Beygul,&nbsp;Yildiz Kalinci","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Addressing global energy challenges demands advanced strategies for efficient waste heat utilization and system integration. This study focuses on converting waste heat from an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) into useful work and investigates the performance of hybrid systems that couple the IT-SOFC with various supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) Brayton cycle configurations. At the standard operating conditions of the IT-SOFC (600°C, 0.3 A/cm²), the efficiency of the isolated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is 34.75%. The efficiencies of the novel hybrid systems are as follows: the SOFC/S-CO₂ basic Brayton cycle (SBBC) hybrid system at 43.93%, the S-CO₂ recompression Brayton cycle (SRCBC) hybrid system at 49.8%, and the SOFC/S-CO₂ regenerative Brayton cycle (SRBC) hybrid system achieving the highest at 54.66%. Different cycles favor different temperature ranges: the SRCBC is more efficient below 600°C, whereas the SRBC performs better above 600°C due to the temperature sensitivity of its heat recovery unit. The SOFC/SRBC hybrid system offers high efficiency with reduced complexity, making it a promising approach for effective waste heat utilization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Small-Sized Hybrid Vehicle on a Real-World Inclined Route Under WLTP, ARTEMIS, and NEDC Drive Cycles","authors":"Bugra Yilmaz,&nbsp;C. Ozgur Colpan","doi":"10.1002/fuce.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fuce.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The decarbonization of the transportation sector is imperative for achieving targeted reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating the integration of renewable energy pathways. While battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are widely promoted as an environmentally sustainable solution, their utility is often constrained by the significant battery mass and corresponding weight penalty required to achieve extended operational ranges. This fundamental limitation has motivated the rigorous development of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) as a viable technological alternative. In recent years, simulation of powertrain systems has emerged as a prevalent methodology for assessing vehicle performance and energy efficiency across various electric, hybrid, and FCHEV architectures. However, a significant portion of the existing literature on hybrid vehicles focuses on component-level optimization or specific hybrid topologies, often relying on simulations that assume idealized, flat-terrain road profiles, thereby neglecting the impact of topographical gradients. This study addresses this research gap by developing a comprehensive powertrain system model for a battery/fuel cell hybrid vehicle implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The model's performance is dynamically evaluated under the WLTP, ARTEMIS, and NEDC driving cycles, which are distinctly applied to the GraphHooper Maps-derived real-world inclined route in Elazığ. The simulations yield critical performance indicators, including the power distribution dynamics among powertrain components, changes in battery state of charge (SoC), and vehicle speed control. Furthermore, an adaptive PID controller is implemented to ensure that the vehicle's instantaneous speed precisely tracks the reference speed trajectory. This work aims to provide a high-fidelity simulation approach that more accurately reflects real-world driving conditions, facilitating a robust evaluation of hybrid vehicle performance in realistic operational scenarios. In this context, for the WLTP, ARTEMIS, and NEDC driving cycles applied to a 3.1-km real-world route, the battery SoC was improved by 1.5%, 1.8%, and 1.6%, respectively, in the hybrid configuration. Moreover, owing to the proposed adaptive control strategy, the vehicle speed tracked the reference profile with an average accuracy of 99.8%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12566,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Cells","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}