Fungal Biology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Agaricales from Antarctica: Diversity of basidiomata, research challenges, and future perspectives in polar environments","authors":"Fernando Augusto Bertazzo-Silva,&nbsp;Jair Putzke","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungi of the order <em>Agaricales</em>, traditionally associated with forest ecosystems, have also been recorded in extreme environments such as Antarctica, where their diversity and ecological roles remain largely unexplored. This study compiles and analyzes existing knowledge on Antarctic <em>Agaricales</em>. Records reveal 21 species forming basidiomata in the region, including genera like <em>Arrhenia, Galerina, Lichenomphalia, Omphalina, Pholiota, Rickenella, Rimbachia and Simocybe</em>, typically linked to bryophyte mats and vascular plants. Recent studies have advanced knowledge by incorporating molecular techniques into traditional taxonomy. Despite these advances, the group remains taxonomically underrepresented due to challenges like scarce fertile basidiomata, cultivation difficulties and limited reference sequences. Future perspectives include applying high-throughput sequencing, increasing international collaboration and strengthening collections and expertise, which are crucial to overcoming current limitations. An integrative and collaborative approach can enhance fungal taxonomy and ecology while contributing to broader discussions on biodiversity, ecosystem function and biotechnological applications in polar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opening the black box of an underexplored and megadiverse group: history, taxonomy and functionality of dark septate endophytes (DSE)","authors":"Jaqueline Aparecida de Oliveira,&nbsp;Olinto Liparini Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are facultative, biotrophic fungi that have a close association with and are restricted to plant roots; typically, with darkly-pigmented hyphae, and which frequently produce microsclerotia within the host tissues. They do not form a single taxonomic category and are distributed across different classes, orders and families of the phylum <em>Ascomycota</em>, representing a highly taxonomically-diverse group. There has been greater emphasis on studying DSE that can resist abiotic stresses and which confer this ability to their host plants such as resistance to high concentrations of salts and heavy metals; conditions of low nutrient availability; and, periods of prolonged drought. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that DSE have the potential to improve the performance of many crops, as evidenced by <em>in vitro</em> studies. The first observations of DSE date back over a century but, only recently, have studies focused exclusively on understanding this unique group of fungi, especially their taxonomy and functionality. This review provides a detailed history of DSE and highlights the many challenges posed by studying them. We also aim to encourage more in-depth and multidisciplinary research on DSE, particularly due to the urgent need for innovative and sustainable technologies in agriculture. DSE have shown great potential as candidates for developing future ‘bioinputs’ or ‘biologicals’.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of mitochondrial respiratory chains in virulence factors of Candida albicans","authors":"Rabeay Y.A. Hassan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Medhat Ali ,&nbsp;Shuna Cui ,&nbsp;Ursula Bilitewski","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Candida albicans</em> has the potential to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, leading to infections that can vary from superficial to systemic. The emergence of antifungal multi-drug resistance presents a significant challenge in the treatment of these microbial diseases. Thus, there is a shift towards the discovery of novel, species-specific antimicrobial agents and the identification of new drug targets. A promising direction in this field is the development of anti-virulence platforms. Unlike traditional antibiotics, these compounds do not directly target the viability of pathogens but are designed to inhibit their pathogenicity, thereby reducing their infectious disease progression.</div><div>Microbial respiratory chains, such as those found in <em>C. albicans</em>, play a pivotal role in essential cellular processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic metabolism, and the expression of virulence factors. The significance of mitochondrial respiration in the pathogenicity of <em>C. albicans</em> is underscored by its impact on morphological changes, biofilm formation, cell wall composition, and the abilities to adhere to and invade host cells.</div><div>Given the central role of the respiratory chain in the virulence of <em>C. albicans</em>, it represents an attractive target for the development of new anti-virulence systems. Thus, this review highlights the involvement of <em>C. albicans</em>' respiratory chains in its virulence factors, offering insights into potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdsourcing the hidden biodiversity of fungi to solve global crises","authors":"Irina Druzhinina (The SeniorEditor),&nbsp;Jan Dijksterhuis (The SeniorEditor)","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal biology reviews technical advances in extracellular vesicle isolation from fungi and oomycetes: Insights from plant-pathogenic species","authors":"Lara R. Palatinus,&nbsp;Timo Schlemmer,&nbsp;Aline Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained a lot of attention due to their role in plant-microbe interaction and intercellular and cross-kingdom communication. However, the isolation and characterization of EVs from plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes still face challenges. We provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent methods for EV isolation, such as density gradient, ultracentrifugation size exclusion chromatography and differential ultracentrifugation. Quality control measures, such as dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy to ensure purity and integrity, are discussed. EVs from various organisms display heterogenicity in size and cargo. To ensure reproducibility and cross-study comparisons, we highlight the importance of standardized protocols for EV isolation and characterization. Identification of pan-fungal and pan-oomycetal EV marker proteins are needed to improve our knowledge of their function in plant-pathogen interactions. This work provides a methodological framework for the comparative analysis of EVs from fungi and oomycetes based on approaches from plant pathogens and highlights their potential relevance as targets or tools in the development of innovative plant protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi-mediated nanomaterials: Advances, synthesis pathways, and limitations","authors":"Parikshana Mathur,&nbsp;Santhosh Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myconanotechnology involves the utilisation of fungi for the biosynthesis of nanomaterials within the size range of 1–100 nm. The bioactive compounds released by fungi act as reducing or capping agents in nanomaterial synthesis. Fungal-mediated nanomaterials have gained attention owing to their sustainable, efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly nature. The present paper discusses the use of fungi in the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and nanocomposites. It further provides a detailed examination of the synthesis mechanism, including an in-depth discussion of various synthesis routes and the factors influencing nanomaterial properties. The limitations and challenges of nanomaterials and their toxicity to human health and the ecosystem are critically analysed. The need for a regulatory framework for the environmental release and upscaling potential of mycogenic nanomaterials is also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in filamentous fungi, focusing on mushrooms and plant-pathogenic fungi","authors":"Rutuja Nandre ,&nbsp;Hyerang Eom ,&nbsp;Yeon-Jae Choi ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hyeon-Su Ro","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CRISPR/Cas gene editing technologies enable precise modifications of the genome and have been extensively applied in genetic studies of animals and plants. Recently, these technologies have been increasingly utilized for the genetic modification of filamentous fungi. However, fungi possess unique cellular characteristics, such as multi-karyosis and heterokaryosis, which pose challenges for efficient gene editing. This review explores these barriers and discusses potential strategies to overcome them. Furthermore, we summarize commonly employed methods for intracellular delivery and expression of Cas9-sgRNA, as well as techniques for selecting transformants. The issue of non-edited nuclei persisting during the regeneration process following transformation is also addressed, along with approaches for their identification and resolution. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advancements in gene editing applications for mushroom-forming filamentous fungi and major plant-pathogenic fungi, focusing key developments in this rapidly evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from fungicide resistance: Evolutionary insights to guide RNAi-based control of fungal crop pathogens","authors":"Joris A. Alkemade ,&nbsp;Nichola J. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Elena Baraldi ,&nbsp;Alan G. Buddie ,&nbsp;Helen M. Cockerton ,&nbsp;Isabel Corkley ,&nbsp;Bart A. Fraaije ,&nbsp;Ester Gaya ,&nbsp;Danna R. Gifford ,&nbsp;Florian Hartig ,&nbsp;Kostya Kanyuka ,&nbsp;Aline Koch ,&nbsp;Jonatan Niño Sánchez ,&nbsp;Gail M. Preston ,&nbsp;Michael F. Seidl ,&nbsp;Pietro D. Spanu ,&nbsp;Bernhard T. Werner ,&nbsp;Joy Lyu ,&nbsp;Timothy G. Barraclough","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop protection against fungal pathogens is essential to prevent crop losses and maintain food security. Current crop protection relies heavily on chemical fungicides. However, rapid evolution of fungicide resistance, the constant appearance of new pathogens, and legislation against chemical pesticides due to concerns regarding their impact on human health and the environment, mean new crop protection strategies are urgently required. One elegant solution is double-stranded RNA-based crop protection, which aims to silence selected genes in the pathogen to reduce crop damage. This technology brings the promise of targeting specific genes, which could be chosen to maximise protection, minimize off-target effects and reduce the risk of resistance evolution. Here we discuss strategies for successful use of this novel technology based on lessons learned from fungicide resistance and recent discoveries in fungal evolution derived from genome-sequencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing entomopathogenic fungal resources through genetic engineering- A natural and pre-emptive approach to insect pest management","authors":"Salman Ahmad ,&nbsp;Nadeem Khan ,&nbsp;Faria Fatima ,&nbsp;Saba Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Mohammad Haris Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Pravej Alam ,&nbsp;Thamir Albalawi ,&nbsp;Malik M. Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic fungi assume a vital role in regulating arthropod populations, positioning them as pivotal agents of control. Beyond their primary function, these fungi exhibit versatility as antagonists to plant diseases, endophytes within plants, colonizers of the rhizosphere, and promoters of plant growth. Their enzymatic arsenal includes various enzymes that collectively degrade the insect cuticle, facilitated by the synergistic actions of proteases and chitinases. Genetic engineering to improve entomopathogenic fungi as pest control tools offers unprecedented opportunities. This involves tweaking genes for better infection, targeting specific insects and expressing powerful insect-killing proteins. This offers a more effective and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Genetic manipulation of these fungi has been instrumental in enhancing their efficacy. Augmenting the pathogenicity of these fungi has been achieved through genetic interventions involving the incorporation of genes encoding neurotoxic peptides, proteases, antimicrobial peptides, chitinases for cuticle degradation, and peptides that influence insect physiology. The pre-emptive approach to insect pest management presents a novel and proactive paradigm for addressing the challenges posed by pest-related issues in both agricultural and ecological contexts. Integrating biological control agents proactively into integrated pest management protocols is emerging as a strategy to reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals. As a part of integrated pest management, the application of nanoparticles derived from entomopathogenic fungi, along with their natural compounds, holds promise. These innovations, when combined with other IPM components, offer superior efficacy across diverse cropping systems. These fungi used for biocontrol also need rigorous risk assessment to prevent harm to beneficial insects and ecological disruption, especially concerning pollinators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the current methods used to detect Phytophthora cinnamomi","authors":"Nicholas Wilkins,&nbsp;Harriet Whiley,&nbsp;Kirstin Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide, <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> is one of the most devastating plant pathogens. It infects almost 5000 plant species, causing death and habitat loss. There is a need for improved monitoring and management strategies to prevent the spread of this plant pathogen. The methods used for detection and identification have been established, but there are many variations depending on the species of <em>Phytophthora</em>, resources available, limitations of time and laboratory protocols, including previous knowledge or specialists involved. This review examined papers published from 2011 to 2025 that describe methods used to detect <em>P. cinnamomi</em> from environmental samples. Sixty-one papers were identified and included in this review. Collectively these papers showed that sampling approaches can include either direct sampling of soil, roots, plant tissue, and water, and indirect sampling by environmental baiting. Detection methods then can contain up to three main processes, including baiting, culture-based detection and isolation, and molecular confirmation. The sampling and detection methods identified in this review were used to develop a decision making flowchart that will help future researchers and management to choose the most appropriate methodological approach to identify <em>P. cinnamomi</em> from the environment. The flow chart presents methods based on laboratory time; resources available; and the type of sample collected. This information will increase the reliability of detection and improve the allocation of resources. This ultimately will improve the monitoring of <em>P. cinnamomi</em> to determine the spread of the pathogen, and to evaluate different management and control strategies to minimise its spread and impact on native vegetation, agriculture, forestry and horticulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}