Fungal Biology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Biogeography and uniqueness of filamentous terrestrial fungi in the polar regions","authors":"Olga A. Grum-Grzhimaylo ,&nbsp;Anastasia A. Shurigina ,&nbsp;Alfons J.M. Debets ,&nbsp;Duur K. Aanen","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungi are widely distributed on our planet, including in extremely harsh habitats, such as the polar regions. The extreme conditions of those habitats limit the number of organisms capable of living there, but some fungi are adapted to the polar conditions and play essential roles in nutrient cycling. However, knowledge about their diversity, distribution, and functioning is fragmented, and approaches used to study them are diverse, often yielding difficult-to-compare results. We present maps with locations of mycological studies in the Arctic and Antarctica, as well as a list of mycelial fungi found on various terrestrial substrates through cultivation on nutrient media and/or molecular methods. These fungi were identified to the species level based on morphological-cultural features or gene-sequence analysis. Analysis of the methods applied to study fungi in different substrates shows that a combination of multiple methods is optimal to study species composition. The taxonomic affiliation of the identified species to different fungal divisions is largely determined by habitat conditions and research methods. The largest number of species belongs to the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The predominant ecological groups were saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi. The majority of 1324 discovered fungal species are known as cosmopolitan species. Approximately one-fifth of the fungi were identical between the Arctic and Antarctica, only a few species are known to be endemic to Antarctica or Arctic, and there are 1–6 identified bipolar species. Claims of endemism of polar-region fungi are relatively weakly supported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off between soil organic carbon sequestration and plant nutrient uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis","authors":"Sulaimon Basiru ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hijri","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal role in soil organic carbon (C) dynamics. AMF can channel C obtained from plants into the soil as labile and recalcitrant materials with contrasting impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves. Labile C supply, while increasing microbial biomass, can also elevate microbial respiration, leading to enhanced organic matter turnover. Conversely, the production of recalcitrant materials, including biomass and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) can promote SOC sequestration directly by acting as long-term C storage, strengthening soil aggregates, and promoting the formation of mineral-bound organic carbon. The contrasting impacts of AMF products on SOC often generate controversies regarding the role of AMF communities in C capture, especially under rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Emerging evidence suggests that distinct AMF phylogeny exhibit varying soil organic matter mobilization and symbiotic nutrient exchange abilities owing to their divergent life histories. However, we argue that resource use efficiency among AMF species significantly influences the phenotypic outcome of AM symbiosis, as well as their impacts on soil carbon dynamics. AMF functional traits favoring recalcitrant C substances including glomalin-related proteins and mineral-associated organic matter over labile C may positively impact SOC sequestration in the long-term. Whereas an AMF functional guild promoting plant growth through labile C (i.e., sugars) exudation may increase SOC turnover leading to lead to SOC loss. Although strong mutualist AMF may negatively impact SOC stocks, they can compensate for this trade-off by depositing fresh, newly fixed C and promoting plant photosynthesis. The ways in which this trade-off is offset can vary among different AMF species and community compositions, warranting further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749461324000265/pdfft?md5=eac26518a2b938f6aba8a495ea234566&pid=1-s2.0-S1749461324000265-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the labyrinth – Searching for mechanistic clues to explain the evolution of sequestrate Agaricales with labyrinthine internal chambers","authors":"Andy R. Nilsen ,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Plett ,&nbsp;Tom W. May ,&nbsp;Teresa Lebel ,&nbsp;Chris M. Brown ,&nbsp;David E.A. Catcheside ,&nbsp;David A. Orlovich","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungi exhibit a wide range of sporophore morphologies. Amongst the Agaricomycetes, sporophores include mushroom, coralloid, bracket and sequestrate forms. A striking observation is the repeated independent evolution of sequestrate forms, which have arisen more than 100 times from lineages where exposed spore-bearing tissues are the ancestral condition. Here we review the evolution of a particular sequestrate morphology in Agaricales, the labyrinthine sequestrate syndrome. We draw on knowledge of genetic mechanisms involved in sporophore development of agarics (mushrooms) and suggest potential genetic changes in relation to the alterations to pileus, lamellae and stipe during development. We discuss mechanisms that could give rise to the sequestrate syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749461324000253/pdfft?md5=a903d152f1b010127de31caa768d5016&pid=1-s2.0-S1749461324000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichosporon asahii: Taxonomy, health hazards, and biotechnological applications","authors":"Aude Commenges ,&nbsp;Françoise Coucheney ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Lessard ,&nbsp;Djamel Drider ,&nbsp;Steve Labrie","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Trichosporon</em> includes yeasts that are naturally present within the human gastrointestinal tract, on the skin, and as part of the vaginal microbiota. This genus is an opportunistic pathogen, commonly found in fungal infections affecting immunocompromised individuals. The species <em>Trichosporon asahii (T. asahii)</em> causes the majority of trichosporonoses and is therefore widely studied, particularly in relation to its pathogenicity and its emerging resistance to antifungal drugs used to treat the disease. However, <em>T. asahii</em> also has important biotechnological applications, particularly its depolluting abilities and its bioproduction of flavor compounds (e.g., terpenes, C13-Norisoprenoids, C6 compounds, methyl hexanoate, and ethyl isovalerate) and antioxidant molecules. <em>T. asahii</em> also produces substances that inhibit certain contaminants found in dairy products, such as <em>Kocuria rhizophila, Clostridium tyrobutyricum,</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica</em>. Paradoxically, this yeast species also has some potential probiotic applications. This review aims to discuss and provide updates on the taxonomy, pathogenicity, and biotechnological relevance of <em>T. asahii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749461324000149/pdfft?md5=9e2c10604dff8e835a96815a10bf94de&pid=1-s2.0-S1749461324000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Fungal Biology Reviews as a modern forum for mycological discussions","authors":"Irina S. Druzhinina,&nbsp;Jan Dijksterhuis","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional insights into fungal F-box protein: From pathogenesis to sustainable economy","authors":"Surabhi Pal ,&nbsp;Ankita Shree ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the molecular structure and function of proteins while tightly regulating protein turnover and activity. Eukaryotes exhibit a wide range of PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, lipidation, and palmitoylation. Ubiquitination, facilitates the degradation of specific substrates through PTMs. This process heavily relies on the SCF complex (SKP1-Cullin-F-box protein) a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays a crucial role in the recruitment of target substrates for ubiquitination. Apart from substrate degradation, F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi are involved in diverse cellular processes essential for fungal growth and virulence. In this review article, we summarize the functions of various F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi, discussing their roles in cellular functions such as pathogenicity during host infection, transcription and cell cycle progression, endocytic recycling, sexual reproduction, mitochondrial connectivity, and maintenance of circadian rhythm. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed a novel function of fungal F-box proteins in biofuel production via CAZymes, highlighting their industrial significance. This comprehensive review aims to enhance our understanding of the emerging role of F-box proteins in host-pathogen interactions, and it holds broader significance for the scientific community, stimulating new discussions and future investigations in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxol is NOT produced sustainably by endophytic fungi ! – A case study for the damage that scientific papermills can cause for the scientific communities","authors":"Marc Stadler ,&nbsp;Miroslav Kolarik","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over three decades ago, the plant-derived anticancer agent taxol (brand name: paclitaxel) was reported from a fungal endophyte colonizing the producing plant. The hope that this finding could ever result in a sustainable production process has thus far been disappointed. Modern evidence on the evolution of secondary metabolites in plants vs. fungi suggests that this hypothesis (that fungi could produce such complex plant metabolites) is invalid. Still, numerous inconclusive original studies -and in particular, review papers by non-experts in the field-are continuously being published that claim the opposite. The current commentary tries to deal with the topic, taking the findings of –OMICS studies and current state-of-the art mycology into account. This can hopefully help to stop the scientific papermills from further spreading the fake news that fungi were capable of sustainable production of taxol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749461324000125/pdfft?md5=699375c555d8c49368074bc505e25ac0&pid=1-s2.0-S1749461324000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreshadowing an exponential market: A brief story, applications, and perspectives of CRISPR/Cas system for the production of (hemi-)cellulases in filamentous fungi","authors":"Felipe Ferreira Silva ,&nbsp;Natana Gontijo Rabelo ,&nbsp;Klédna Constância Reis ,&nbsp;Cássio Siqueira Souza Cassiano ,&nbsp;Anderson Fernandes de Melo ,&nbsp;Débora de Oliveira Lopes ,&nbsp;Wagner Rodrigo de Souza ,&nbsp;Marina Quádrio R.B. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Daniel Bonoto Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand to develop protein production systems that are both economically and scientifically viable is reflected in the global scenario, where filamentous fungi, due to their interesting characteristics such as the high capacity to secrete proteins into the culture medium, growth in relatively simple substrates and robust post-translational machinery, among others, are presented as promising alternatives for the creation and establishment of these systems. Currently, these organisms produce a wide range of proteins, such as glycosidases, lipases, and proteases, for example. Scientific and technological development has increasingly allowed the evolution of molecular biology techniques that facilitate the genetic modification of organisms, thus, stimulating the establishment of new protein production systems. Amongst these techniques, it is possible to highlight the CRISPR/Cas system, a relatively simple, low-cost, and high-efficient tool for genetic modifications. Filamentous fungi, organisms widely used for protein production, have been used in a relatively low number of studies related to the production of (hemi-)cellulases using the CRISPR/Cas system as a genomic editing tool. (Hemi-)cellulases, enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of saccharides, are a class of enzymes that are highly researched and applied in several biotechnological areas in order to obtain a wide range of value-added bioproducts, such as bioethanol, for example. In this context, this review aims to illustrate the scenario of the application of the CRISPR/Cas technique for the production of (hemi-)cellulases, highlighting the main studies to date and the perspectives of a market that tends to grow exponentially in the coming years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The strategy for naming fungal ‘dark taxa’ may involve a transition period and genomics","authors":"Li-Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many unnamed fungi have been revealed from DNA sequences but cannot be formally named due to a lack of physical materials required for the description of a taxon by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. While the mycological community generally discusses the necessity to amend the code to permit DNA sequence data as the nomenclatural type of these fungal ‘dark taxa’ (FDT), the standard of DNA sequences is mainly in debate. Here, I suggest to set an approximate fifteen years transition period. During that time, it is recommended to sequence the whole genomes of all known species and newly published species with available physical materials; meanwhile, the FDT can be provisionally named with priority using whole genome data as the type. After the transition period, these provisionally named FDT will become valid, provided no known species from physical materials with a priority can be proved to be conspecific. Moreover, in this new era of fungal taxonomy when the whole genome data will be commonly used as the crucial evidence to delimit fungal species, new taxa should be named along with the deposition of whole genome sequences in public databases, and the whole genome data may be the type of the FDT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139748808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small RNAs: A new paradigm in fungal-fungal interactions used for biocontrol","authors":"Edoardo Piombo ,&nbsp;Ramesh R. Vetukuri ,&nbsp;Georgios Tzelepis ,&nbsp;Dan Funck Jensen ,&nbsp;Magnus Karlsson ,&nbsp;Mukesh Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many eukaryotes, small RNAs (sRNAs) can mediate gene expression regulation through a mechanism known as RNA silencing. In fungi, RNA silencing plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including parasitic and mutualistic fungus-plant interactions. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of RNA silencing in parasitic fungus-fungus and fungus-insect interactions in relation to their use for the biological control (biocontrol) of fungal plant diseases and insect damage. Genes belonging to the RNA silencing machinery are identified in the genomes of almost all known fungal and oomycete biocontrol organisms. However, recent functional genetic studies in Ascomycota species of the Hypocreales order, such as <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em> and <em>Clonostachys rosea</em>, show how RNA silencing can have family-specific effects, as conidiation is affected differently in the two organisms when the same elements of the RNA silencing machinery are deleted. The size of sRNAs regulated by RNA silencing can also vary between organisms. Cross-species RNA silencing represents a new field in the study of antagonistic interactions. For example, a microRNA (miRNA) of another hypocrealean fungus, <em>Beauveria bassiana,</em> was proven to target genes involved in the immune response of mosquitoes, and there are indications that miRNAs from the mycoparasitic <em>C. rosea</em> may target factors of virulence in its plant-pathogenic host fungi. Accumulating evidence from many species shows that the number of endogenous genes affected by the disruption of the RNA silencing mechanism is always much higher than the number of predicted direct target genes. As several putative targets of fungal sRNAs are transcription factors, it is possible that specific sRNAs have a role as master regulators of gene expression, affecting the transcription of a high number of genes through cascading regulating effects. The challenges faced when studying cross-species RNA silencing, including sRNA trafficking during mycoparasitism, are also discussed. This includes the difficulties in separating the extracellular vesicles of mycoparasitic fungi from those of their hosts, the high amount of sequencing reads lost in bioinformatics filtering steps, imprecise target prediction and the lack of a streamlined accepted way of reporting results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12563,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology Reviews","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749461324000010/pdfft?md5=9310fcd24ffdc310c695051aa9ccd634&pid=1-s2.0-S1749461324000010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}