Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The use of low-density EEG for the classification of PPA and MCI.","authors":"Panteleimon Chriskos, Kyriaki Neophytou, Christos A Frantzidis, Jessica Gallegos, Alexandros Afthinos, Chiadi U Onyike, Argye Hillis, Panagiotis D Bamidis, Kyrana Tsapkini","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1526554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1526554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dissociating Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an important, yet challenging task. Given the need for low-cost and time-efficient classification, we used low-density electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to automatically classify PPA, MCI and healthy control (HC) individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to classify individuals from these three populations at the same time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected three-minute EEG recordings with an 8-channel system from eight MCI, fourteen PPA and eight HC individuals. Utilizing the Relative Wavelet Entropy method, we derived (i) functional connectivity, (ii) graph theory metrics and extracted (iii) various energy rhythms. Features from all three sources were used for classification. The k-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machines classifiers were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 100% individual classification accuracy was achieved in the HC-MCI, HC-PPA, and MCI-PPA comparisons, and a 77.78% accuracy in the HC-MCI-PPA comparison.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We showed for the first time that successful automatic classification between HC, MCI and PPA is possible with short, low-density EEG recordings. Despite methodological limitations of the current study, these results have important implications for clinical practice since they show that fast, low-cost and accurate disease diagnosis of these disorders is possible. Future studies need to establish the generalizability of the current findings with larger sample sizes and the efficient use of this methodology in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1526554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playful brains: a possible neurobiological pathway to cognitive health in aging.","authors":"Yulia Golland, Boaz M Ben-David, Mara Mather, Shoshi Keisari","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1490864","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1490864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy cognitive aging emphasizes preserving cognitive functions essential for independence and well-being. Developing interventions that promote cognition and resilience in older individuals is crucial. Social playfulness, characterized by spontaneity and mutual enjoyment, allows individuals to step away from routine roles and engage in novel and surprising exchanges. Emerging evidence suggests that social playfulness is a promising approach for supporting cognitive functions in aging in a joyful and engaging way. In this theory and hypothesis manuscript, we propose a neurobiological pathway mediating the effects of social playfulness on cognition. Playful interactions generate high levels of uncertainty, requiring continuous adaptation and exploration. We suggest that these demands engage the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system, which is crucial for navigating uncertainty and sustaining arousal and flexibility needed to adapt to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of playful interactions. Importantly, the collaborative and safe environment of playfulness transforms this uncertainty-driven noradrenergic activation into an engaging and rewarding experience, enhancing focus, positive affect, and flexibility. In older adults, where LC-NA functionality may decline with age, social playfulness could counteract cognitive decline by upregulating this system. We review evidence linking LC-NA integrity to cognitive health and explore how playfulness might mitigate the deterioration of cognitive functioning by training executive functions and promoting novelty and exploration. This framework bridges neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and creative-arts therapies, highlighting social playfulness as a tool for healthy aging. We emphasize the need for further research to validate this hypothesis and explore its implications for designing interventions that leverage social playfulness to enhance cognitive resilience in older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1490864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis: past, present and future.","authors":"Samar S Ayache, Moussa A Chalah","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1552494","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1552494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alexithymia denotes the \"absence\" of \"words\" for \"emotion\" and has its roots in the Greek words \"a,\" \"lexis,\" and \"thymos.\" It is sometimes referred to as \"emotional blindness,\" \"blunted feeling,\" or \"disrupted emotional awareness.\" The term \"alexithymia\" first appeared in the 1970s in the works of Sifneos, Nemiah, and colleagues. It entails difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions and an externally oriented thinking style. It is not a psychiatric disorder but rather a multidimensional personality trait or construct, appearing to be normally distributed in the general population, with high levels of alexithymia in approximately 10% of individuals. Evidence suggests that alexithymia serves as a prognostic risk factor for health problems, a transdiagnostic risk factor for emotion-based psychopathologies, and a predictor of poor psychiatric treatment outcomes. It is frequently observed in neurological diseases. Nevertheless, its mechanisms, assessment, and management remain overlooked. In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, alexithymia seems to occur in up to 53% of patients. However, it remains understudied despite recent growing interest. In this mini review, we briefly reassess the prevalence, as well as the clinical, sociodemographic and neuropsychological correlates of alexithymia in MS (e.g., anxiety, depression, fatigue, socio-emotional outcomes). This is followed by an analysis of neurobiological underpinnings of alexithymia derived from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in this clinical population. Finally, we provide perspectives to guide future research exploring and managing alexithymia in MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1552494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a novel non-pharmacological intervention based on respiratory biofeedback, neurofeedback and median nerve stimulation to treat children with ADHD.","authors":"Eduardo Santamaría-Vázquez, Anayali Estudillo-Guerra, Lna Ali, Diana Martinez, Roberto Hornero, Leon Morales-Quezada","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1478501","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1478501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, and social functioning, primarily in children. Despite its high prevalence, current pharmacological treatments are not effective in 30% of cases and show poor long-term adherence. Non-pharmacological interventions can complement medication-based treatments to improve results. Among these therapies, neurofeedback (NFB) and respiratory biofeedback (R-BFB) have shown promise in treating ADHD symptoms. Moreover, median nerve stimulation (MNS) can help to enhance the efficacy of these treatments, but it has never been explored in this context. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the effectiveness of a combined R-BFB and NFB intervention to treat ADHD, and (2) explore the potential benefits of MNS in enhancing the proposed intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty children with ADHD participated in the study, divided into two experimental groups. The active group received <i>verum</i> MNS, and the sham group received sham MNS. Both groups performed the NFB/R-BFB treatment. Clinical assessments (i.e., Conner's parent rating scale) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements were taken before the intervention, immediately after treatment, and one month later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the combined therapy significantly improved behavioral problems, anxiety, hyperactivity, and impulsivity-hyperactivity. Moreover, MNS enhanced the positive effects of the intervention, as the active group achieved higher improvement compared to the sham group. EEG analysis revealed significant changes in spontaneous brain activity, with an increase in frontal theta power (<i>p</i> = 0.0125) associated with reduced anxiety, which might explain the clinical outcomes. These changes were maintained 1 month after the intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.0325). Correlations between EEG changes and clinical outcomes were observed, suggesting a potential relationship between neurophysiological markers and ADHD symptoms measured by standardized scales.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study findings suggest that the proposed R-BFB/NFB intervention may be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for ADHD, with the additional application of MNS potentially enhancing its effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1478501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal fluency and semantic association deficits in children with in birth nonprogressive neuromuscular diseases.","authors":"Maria Koriakina, Olga E Agranovich, Ioannis Ntoumanis, Maxim Ulanov, Isak B Blank, Anna Shestakova, Evgeny Blagovechtchenski","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1499521","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1499521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between motor and cognitive skills is a pivotal issue in neuroscience, with embodied cognition theory asserting that bodily actions and experiences play a vital role in cognitive processing. This relevance is particularly noted in children with severe motor disorders (MD) from birth, highlighting a need to explore how these disorders may impede cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we assessed verbal fluency, a critical component of speech function, in 68 children aged 7 to 15. This group consisted of 36 children with motor disorders, specifically those diagnosed with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP, <i>n</i> = 22) or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC, <i>n</i> = 14), and 32 healthy control children. We compared levels of verbal fluency, action/verbal naming, and the development of semantic associations between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that children with motor impairments exhibited significantly lower performance in tasks measuring verbal fluency and semantic association compared to the control group. Mainly, MD children produced fewer words during verbal fluency tasks and demonstrated reduced semantic associations. Interestingly, MD children with unilateral limb impairment outperformed those with bilateral impairment on semantic association tasks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that the cognitive deficits observed in children with motor impairments can be attributed to less engagement with their physical environment, which influences their ability to perceive and manipulate objects differently based on their level of impairment. Additionally, the findings underscore how social and cultural contexts may be affected by motor impairments. Overall, our study supports the concept of embodied cognition, demonstrating that delays in motor skill development among children with OBPP and AMC can harm their cognitive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1499521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the brain-machine interaction for upper limb assistive technologies: advances and challenges.","authors":"Sutirtha Ghosh, Rohit Kumar Yadav, Sunaina Soni, Shivangi Giri, Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan, Lalan Kumar, Shubhendu Bhasin, Sitikantha Roy","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1532783","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1532783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how the brain encodes upper limb movements is crucial for developing control mechanisms in assistive technologies. Advances in assistive technologies, particularly Brain-machine Interfaces (BMIs), highlight the importance of decoding motor intentions and kinematics for effective control. EEG-based BMI systems show promise due to their non-invasive nature and potential for inducing neural plasticity, enhancing motor rehabilitation outcomes. While EEG-based BMIs show potential for decoding motor intention and kinematics, studies indicate inconsistent correlations with actual or planned movements, posing challenges for achieving precise and reliable prosthesis control. Further, the variability in predictive EEG patterns across individuals necessitates personalized tuning to improve BMI efficiency. Integrating multiple physiological signals could enhance BMI precision and reliability, paving the way for more effective motor rehabilitation strategies. Studies have shown that brain activity adapts to gravitational and inertial constraints during movement, highlighting the critical role of neural adaptation to biomechanical changes in creating control systems for assistive devices. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in deciphering neural activity patterns associated with both physiological and assisted upper limb movements, highlighting avenues for future exploration in neurorehabilitation and brain-machine interface development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1532783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of EEG microstate dynamics during happy and sad music videos.","authors":"Ashish Gupta, Chandan Kumar Srivastava, Braj Bhushan, Laxmidhar Behera","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1469468","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1469468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EEG microstates offer a unique window into the dynamics of emotional experiences. This study delved into the emotional responses of happiness and sadness triggered by music videos, employing microstate analysis and eLoreta source-level investigation in the alpha band. The results of the microstate analysis showed that regardless of gender, participants during happy music video significantly upregulated class D microstate and downregulated class C microstate, leading to a significantly enhanced global explained variance (GEV), coverage, occurrence, duration, and global field power (GFP) for class D. Conversely, sad music video had the opposite effect. The eLoreta study revealed that during the happy state, there was enhanced CSD in the central parietal regions across both genders and diminished functional connectivity in the precuneus for female participants compared to the sad state. Class D and class C microstates are linked to attention and mind-wandering, respectively. The findings suggest that (1) increased class D and CSD activity could explain heightened attentiveness observed during happy music, and (2) increased class C activity and functional connectivity could explain enhanced mind wandering observed during sad music. Additionally, female participants exhibited significantly higher mean occurrence than males, and the sad state showed significantly higher mean occurrence than the happy state.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1469468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential: temporal stability, associations to sociodemographic variables, and functional significance-implications for clinical research.","authors":"Stein Andersson, Trine Waage Rygvold, Christoffer Hatlestad-Hall","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1507291","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1507291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been suggested as a biomarker for central serotonergic function, and as such a proxy for serotonin related psychiatric symptomatology and intervention outcome, particularly in depression. This study aims to explore LDAEP characteristics in a large healthy population by assessing its test-retest reliability and examining associations with sociodemographic variables, psychological distress, and performance-based cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our sample included 100 healthy adults whose LDAEP was measured and correlated with age, sex, self-reported psychological distress, and cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants examined twice (<i>n</i> = 38) showed high test-retest reliability with intraclass correlations (ICCs) between 0.67 and 0.89 over a 2-to-3-month interval. Furthermore, the magnitude of the LDAEP was significantly higher in women than men, and female hormonal contraceptive users exhibited higher LDAEP than non-users. In females, age was inversely correlated with LDAEP. However, no significant associations were found between LDAEP and measures of psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, nor with cognitive test performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results underline LDAEP's reliability as a biomarker over time, but also highlight age, sex and hormonal contraceptive use as significant factors influencing the LDAEP. Future research in clinical population should take these results into account, with an emphasis on providing the necessary sample sizes for relevant sub-group analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1507291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pooled analysis of the side effects of non-invasive Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS).","authors":"Manon Giraudier, Carlos Ventura-Bort, Christoph Szeska, Mathias Weymar","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1539416","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1539416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising technique for modulating vagal afferent fibers non-invasively and has shown therapeutic potential in neurological, cognitive, and affective disorders. While previous research highlights its efficacy, the safety profile of taVNS has been less extensively examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study therefore aimed to systematically investigate side effects of taVNS in a large pooled dataset consisting of <i>n</i> = 488 participants, utilizing a standardized questionnaire to assess ten reported side effects. Analyses included effects of stimulation type (interval vs. continuous), stimulation duration, stimulation intensity and participant characteristics (age and gender) as potential modulators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings support the safety of taVNS, with minimal and mild side effects reported across participants (<i>M</i> = 1.86, <i>SD</i> = 1.36). Although participants receiving sham stimulation were 32.4% less likely to report unpleasant feelings compared to participants receiving taVNS, this effect was driven primarily by low-end ratings (specifically, a rating of 1, indicating <i>not at all</i> when experiencing the corresponding side effect), thus suggesting limited clinical relevance. Interval stimulation notably reduced the likelihood of some side effects, particularly for neck pain, dizziness and unpleasant feelings, suggesting potential for optimizing taVNS protocols. Stimulation intensity and duration showed few statistically significant, but clinically minimal (i.e., very small) effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these findings demonstrate a favorable safety profile of taVNS, with mostly mild and transient effects, supporting its use as a suitable non-invasive tool in both research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1539416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of open-skill exercise on executive functions in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shunding Hu, Peng Shi, Ziyun Zhang, Xiaosu Feng, Kai Zhang, Teng Jin","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495371","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495371","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The research on the intervention of open-skill exercise on the executive functions of children and adolescents still requires quantitative synthesis, and there is inconsistency in the effects of intervention by strategic and interceptive skills, which are sub-divided from open-skill exercise. Therefore, this study systematically explores the aforementioned issues and examines the potential moderating factors in the effects of open-skill exercise intervention on executive functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Computer searches of the CNKI, WOS, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus databases were conducted. Two researchers independently screened the articles and extracted data, and used the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration Network and the Methodological Index for Non- Randomized Studies (MINORS) scale to assess included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental designs (QEDs). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 16 articles and 17 studies were included, comprising 11 RCTs and 6 QEDs. The participants were 1,298 children and adolescents aged 5 to 16. Open skill exercises have significant intervention effects (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) on inhibitory control (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = -0.627, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; = -0.890 to -0.363), working memory (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = -0.517, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; = -0.768 to -0.266), and cognitive flexibility (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = -0.652, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; = -1.085 to -0.219). The effects of strategic skill exercises are higher than those of interceptive skills, particularly in the dimension of inhibitory control (&lt;i&gt;SMD&lt;/i&gt; = -0.707, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; = -0.819 to -0.594, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In addition, moderate-intensity and higher-frequency exercises overall have a more positive effect on promoting executive functions (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05); interventions of 6 to 10 weeks are more effective for working memory (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), while 30-min sessions are the most effective for working memory (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), and sessions lasting 75 to 120 min are the most effective for cognitive flexibility (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Open-skill exercise has a more positive impact on inhibitory control in the 5-9 age group and on working memory in the 10-16 age group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05); open-skill exercise, especially, has a more positive intervention effect on inhibitory control in the Eastern group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Both Egger linear regression analyses and literature sensitivity analyses suggested that the Meta-analysis results were stable and reliable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Open-skill exercise has a positive intervention effect on executive functioning in children and adolescents, and strategic skill exercise interventions are more effective. In addition, the quantitative elements of exercise (intensity, frequency, and duration per session) and demographic factors (age and ethnicity) play a potential moderating role in this context. ","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1495371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}