Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"HYBRIDMINDS-summary and outlook of the 2023 international conference on the ethics and regulation of intelligent neuroprostheses.","authors":"Maria Buthut, Georg Starke, Tugba Basaran Akmazoglu, Annalisa Colucci, Mareike Vermehren, Amanda van Beinum, Christoph Bublitz, Jennifer Chandler, Marcello Ienca, Surjo R Soekadar","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1489307","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1489307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have developed rapidly in recent years with an increasing number of applications and AI-enabled devices that are about to enter the market. While promising to substantially improve quality of life across various severe medical conditions, there are also concerns that the convergence of these technologies, e.g., in the form of intelligent neuroprostheses, may have undesirable consequences and compromise cognitive liberty, mental integrity, or mental privacy. Therefore, various international organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), have formed initiatives to tackle such questions and develop recommendations that mitigate risks while fostering innovation. In this context, a first international conference on the ethics and regulation of intelligent neuroprostheses was held in Berlin, Germany, in autumn 2023. The conference gathered leading experts in neuroscience, engineering, ethics, law, philosophy as well as representatives of industry, policy making and the media. Here, we summarize the highlights of the conference, underline the areas in which a broad consensus was found among participants, and provide an outlook on future challenges in development, deployment, and regulation of intelligent neuroprostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1489307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of online and offline trigeminal nerve stimulation on visuomotor learning.","authors":"Diego E Arias, Christopher A Buneo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1436365","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1436365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A current thrust in neurology involves using exogenous neuromodulation of cranial nerves (e.g, vagus, trigeminal) to treat the signs and symptoms of various neurological disorders. These techniques also have the potential to augment cognitive and/or sensorimotor functions in healthy individuals. Although much is known about the clinical effects of trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), effects on sensorimotor and cognitive functions such as learning have received less attention, despite their potential impact on neurorehabilitation. Here we describe the results of experiments aimed at assessing the effects of TNS on motor learning, which was behaviorally characterized using an upper extremity visuomotor adaptation paradigm.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessing the effects of TNS on motor learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Motor learning was behaviorally characterized using an upper extremity visuomotor adaptation paradigm. In Experiment 1, effects of offline TNS using clinically tested frequencies (120 and 60 Hz) were characterized. Sixty-three healthy young adults received TNS before performing a task that involved reaching with perturbed hand visual feedback. In Experiment 2, the effects of 120 and 60 Hz online TNS were characterized with the same task. Sixty-three new participants received either TNS or sham stimulation concurrently with perturbed visual feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experiment 1 results showed that 60 Hz stimulation was associated with slower rates of learning than both sham and 120 Hz stimulation, indicating frequency-dependent effects of TNS. Experiment 2 however showed no significant differences among stimulation groups. A post-hoc, cross-study comparison of the 60 Hz offline and online TNS results showed a statistically significant improvement in learning rates with online stimulation relative to offline, pointing to timing-dependent effects of TNS on visuomotor learning.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results indicate that both the frequency and timing of TNS can influence rates of motor learning in healthy adults. This suggests that optimization of one or both parameters could potentially increase learning rates, which would provide new avenues for enhancing performance in healthy individuals and augmenting rehabilitation in patients with sensorimotor dysfunction resulting from stroke or other neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1436365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11526447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: A minimal Turing test: reciprocal sensorimotor contingencies for interaction detection.","authors":"Pamela Barone, Manuel G Bedia, Antoni Gomila","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1507296","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1507296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00102.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1507296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Asymmetric bilateral deep brain stimulation for the treatment of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration in a patient: a unique case of atypical PKAN with a novel heterozygous PANK2 mutation.","authors":"Guo Hong, Zhongwen Zhang, Peiyi Wang, Guoyang Li, Wenli Zhang, Huahui Zou, Xiaoguang Luo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1448606","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1448606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, usually caused by mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) gene. We report a young female patient with atypical PKAN, harboring a novel heterozygous PANK2 mutation, diagnosed through clinical imaging and genetic analysis. The patient presented with dystonia and motor dysfunction after onset, but early brain MRI showed normal findings. Due to progressive symptom deterioration, her MRI was reevaluated and the characteristic \"eye of the tiger\" sign was identified. Further genetic testing revealed that she was a carrier of two heterozygous PANK2 mutations, one being a known pathogenic variant and the other unknown. Given the patient's clinical presentation, progressive symptoms, and poor response to medication, we boldly attempted asymmetric bilateral deep brain stimulation (abDBS). Postoperative outcomes showed significant symptom improvement. This study suggests that early brain MRI in PKAN patients may not exhibit typical radiological features, leading to potential diagnostic omissions. Furthermore, it highlights the potential therapeutic effect of abDBS in atypical PKAN, particularly in patients with novel heterozygous PANK2 mutations. Asymmetric bilateral deep brain stimulation may represent a promising treatment approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1448606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: The neurocognitive mechanism linking temperature and humidity with miners' working memory: an fNIRS study.","authors":"Chenning Tian, Hongxia Li, Shuicheng Tian, Fangyuan Tian, Hailan Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1505772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1505772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1414679.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1505772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of motor imagery training on generalization and retention for different task difficulties.","authors":"Yoichiro Sato","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1459987","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1459987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although previous studies have suggested that motor adaptation through motor imagery training of similar tasks can improve retention and generalization of motor learning, the benefits of mental and physical training remain unclear for different task difficulties. Two experiments were conducted in this study. The first experiment aimed to determine whether there were differences in movement time (MT) when drawing circles based on three conditions in accordance with Fitts' law. The results showed significant differences in MT among the three conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with MT becoming long as the width of the circle line (which indicated different difficulty level) narrowed. The second experiment aimed to determine whether the task difficulty influenced immediate generalization and retention at 24 h after mental vs. physical training. Participants in both training groups practiced the task with the medium-sized circle, which indicated medium difficulty. The posttest results revealed that mental training leads to considerable performance improvement than physical training, as demonstrated by a shorter MT regardless of the task difficulty level. Meanwhile, the retention test results showed no difference in generalization between mental and physical training. However, generalization of an easier task was more effectively retained than more difficult tasks. These results suggest that mental training can improve performance during the adaptation phase and that difficulty level can influence the degree of retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1459987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher visual function deficits are independent of visual acuity measures in children with cerebral visual impairment.","authors":"A Chandna, M Wong, S Veitzman, E Menjivar, A Kulkarni","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1451257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1451257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral visual impairment (CVI), the leading cause of bilateral visual impairment in children, is often characterized by visual acuity (VA) loss and higher visual function deficits (HVFDs). However, the relationship between VA loss and HVFDs remains unknown. A previous study using the Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI) demonstrated that normal VA did not preclude HVFDs. In this prospective controlled study of children with CVI, we examine the relationship between HVFDs and degrees of VA loss to refine our understanding of this relationship. We introduce two new indices-HVFD spectrum and severity-to provide a comprehensive view of how CVI affects the individual child and the entire cohort. We also performed an analysis to determine the effectiveness of the HVFQI in eliciting HVFDs and present a preliminary analysis of the relationship between HVFDs and age. The study participants included 59 children with CVI (age: 9.87 ± 3.93 years [mean ± SD]; binocular VA: 0.35 ± 0.34 log MAR.) and 120 neurotypical (NT) children with normal visual acuity (age: 8.7 ± 2.8 years; binocular VA: 0.14 ± 0.16 logMAR). Clinical history and notes independently confirmed the diagnosis of CVI. Parents were interviewed with the HVFQI, and their responses were recorded using a five-level Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU) determined the ability of HVFQI to distinguish between CVI and NT participants; Fisher's exact test (FET) and d-variable Hilbert-Schmidt independence criteria (dHSIC) assessed the independence between HVFDs and VA. The average spectrum (range 0-1) and severity (range 1-5) indices for CVI (spectrum: 0.65 ± 0.24, severity: 3.1 ± 0.77) and NT (spectrum: 0.12 ± 0.17, severity: 1.42 ± 0.49) were markedly different. MWU (<i>p</i>-value <0.00001) confirmed the ability of HVFQI to distinguish CVI from NT children for both indices. The FET reported a <i>p</i>-value of 0.202, which indicates that the data does not exhibit any relation between the HVFDs severity and VA. Analysis using dHSIC supports these findings (<i>p</i>-value 0.784). Based on these results, we urge that all children with suspected CVI need to be assessed for HVFDs in addition to VA measures. The HVFQI can potentially increase our understanding of the neural basis of visual perception, cognition, and visually guided action and lead us toward a conceptual model of CVI, translating to clinical practice improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1451257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11518776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual representations in L1 and L2 spatial and abstract language processing: applying an innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm.","authors":"Menghan Wang, Helen Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1425576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perceptual representations in language comprehension were examined using sentence-picture verification tasks. However, concerns have been raised regarding the suitability of concrete pictures for representing abstract concepts compared to image-schematic diagrams. To assess the perceptual representations of spatial and abstract domains in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing, the study tests bilingual speakers' mental imagery on the basis of the simulation-based L1 comprehension model and proposes a simulation-based L2 comprehension model, supported by empirical evidence from an innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>41 adult L1 Mandarin Chinese speakers participated in the study. 21 participants completed the Chinese sentence-diagram verification task (Experiment 1), while 20 participants completed the translation-equivalent version in L2 English (Experiment 2). Participants read a sentence [e.g., <i>A diligent worker walked into the office (spatial sense); A strong team headed into the final (abstract sense)]</i> at their self-paced speed, followed by a congruent (e.g., <i>into diagram</i>) or incongruent diagram (e.g., <i>out-of diagram</i>), and made binary judgments to verify spatial configurations between the sentence and diagram. Semantic rating tasks in both Chinese and English were also conducted to validate congruency between diagrams and sentences in both languages.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Results from Experiment 1 indicate overall compatibility effects on L1 Chinese processing, unaffected by directional verbs or abstractness of sense. Results from Experiment 2 reveal interference effects on L2 English processing, with interference observed only after reading sentences encoding spatial senses, not abstract senses. Aligning with previous findings using sentence-picture verification tasks, the current findings confirm the weaker mental simulation effects in L2 processing compared to L1 processing. These findings extend the existing simulation-based L1 comprehension model, provide empirical support for the proposed simulation-based L2 comprehension model, and validate the innovative sentence-diagram verification paradigm for examining image-schematic representations in spatial and abstract language processing among Chinese-English bilinguals. The paradigm holds significant potential for research on perceptual representations in processing a broader range of grammatical and semantic properties during both online and offline L1 and L2 comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1425576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11518794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance control during longitudinal activation fMRI studies.","authors":"Martin Lotze","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1459140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1459140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The documentation of performance during functional imaging represents a standard procedure employed to control for compliance, sensorimotor, and cognitive demands. In the case of motor tasks, preciseness, force, and frequency have a significant impact on the magnitude of functional activation. Questionnaires are used in psychological investigations to control for cognitive demand, while psychophysiological documentation is employed to record bodily responses. For longitudinal intervention studies, it is of utmost importance to implement meticulous pre- and post-performance controls and balance to accurately assess changes over time. Any changes in compliance may introduce additional uncontrolled variables, which can hinder the interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-related changes. This narrative review presents strategies for controlling and balancing performance in functional imaging approaches to document neuroplasticity in rehabilitative studies. These strategies include not only motor-related aspects, such as precision, velocity, and force, but also timing aspects, such as the start and stop of movement periods. In addition, it discusses strategies for the modulation and control of movement aspects with visual feedback, as well as for the control of physiological changes during experimental modulation. Although these measures require additional care, which is often more demanding than the neuroimaging part of the study, they are crucial for a relevant interpretation and publication of fMRI studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1459140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of touch on proprioception: non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation suggests general arousal rather than tactile-proprioceptive integration.","authors":"Justin Tanner, Gerrit Orthlieb, Stephen Helms Tillery","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1429843","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1429843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proprioceptive error of estimated fingertip position in two-dimensional space is reduced with the addition of tactile stimulation applied at the fingertip. Tactile input does not disrupt the participants' estimation strategy, as the individual error vector maps maintain their overall structure. This relationship suggests integration of proprioception and tactile information improves proprioceptive estimation, which can also be improved with trained mental focus and attention. Task attention and arousal are physiologically regulated by the reticular activating system (RAS), a brainstem circuit including the locus coeruleus (LC). There is direct and indirect evidence that these structures can be modulated by non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation (nTNS), providing an opportunity to examine nTNS effect on the integrative relationship of proprioceptive and tactile information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen right-handed participants performed a simple right-handed proprioceptive estimation task with tactile feedback (touch) and no tactile (hover) feedback. Participants repeated the task after nTNS administration. Stimulation was delivered for 10 min, and stimulation parameters were 3,000 Hz, 50 μs pulse width, with a mean of 7 mA. Error maps across the workspace are generated using polynomial models of the participants' target responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Error maps did not demonstrate significant vector direction changes between conditions for any participant, indicating that nTNS does not disrupt spatial proprioception estimation strategies. A linear mixed model regression with nTNS epoch, tactile condition, and the interaction as factors demonstrated that nTNS reduced proprioceptive error under the hover condition only.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We argue that nTNS does not disrupt spatial proprioceptive error maps but can improve proprioceptive estimation in the absence of tactile feedback. However, we observe no evidence that nTNS enhances tactile-proprioceptive integration as the touch condition does not exhibit significantly reduced error after nTNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1429843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}