Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Altered neural recruitment during single and dual tasks in athletes with repeat concussion.","authors":"Andrew C Hagen, Brian L Tracy, Jaclyn A Stephens","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1515514","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1515514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports-related concussions (SRCs) pose significant challenges to college-aged athletes, eliciting both immediate symptoms and subacute cognitive and motor function impairment. While most symptoms and impairments resolve within weeks, athletes with repeat SRCs may experience heightened risk for prolonged recovery trajectories, future musculoskeletal injuries, and long-term neurocognitive deficits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of repeat SRCs on dual task performance and associated neural recruitment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A total of 37 college-aged athletes (ages 18-24) participated in this cross-sectional observational study, 20 with a history of two or more SRCs, and 17 controls that had never sustained an SRC. Participants completed the Neuroimaging-Compatible Dual Task Screen (NC-DTS) while neural recruitment in the frontoparietal attention network and the primary motor and sensory cortices was measured using fNIRS. Athletes with repeat SRCs exhibited comparable single task and dual task performance to control athletes. Neuroimaging results indicated altered neural recruitment patterns in athletes with repeat SRCs during both single and dual tasks. Specifically, athletes with repeat SRCs demonstrated increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation during single motor tasks compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 0.47). Conversely, during dual tasks, these same athletes exhibited reduced PFC activation (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 0.29) compared to their single task activation. These findings emphasize that while athletes with repeat SRCs demonstrate typical single and dual task performance, persistent alterations in neural recruitment patterns suggest ongoing neurophysiological changes, possibly indicating compensatory neural strategies and inefficient neural resource allocation, even beyond symptom resolution and medical clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1515514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of wavelet families for schizophrenia detection.","authors":"E Sathiya, T D Rao, T Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1463819","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1463819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic mental disorder, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, it is believed to result from various environmental factors, with psychological factors potentially influencing its onset and progression. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based approaches are effective in SZ detection. In this report, we aim to investigate the effect of wavelet and decomposition levels in SZ detection. In our study, we analyzed the early detection of SZ using DWT across various decomposition levels, ranging from 1 to 5, with different mother wavelets. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are processed using DWT, which decomposes them into multiple frequency bands, yielding approximation and detail coefficients at each level. Statistical features are then extracted from these coefficients. The computed feature vector is then fed into a classifier to distinguish between SZ and healthy controls (HC). Our approach achieves the highest classification accuracy of 100% on a publicly available dataset, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1463819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing working memory research through cortico-cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation.","authors":"Phivos Phylactou, Nikos Konstantinou, Edward F Ester","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1504783","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1504783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neural underpinnings of working memory (WM) have been of continuous scientific interest for decades. As the understanding of WM progresses and new theories, such as the distributed view of WM, develop, the need to advance the methods used to study WM also arises. This perspective discusses how building from the state-of-the-art in the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and utilising cortico-cortical TMS, may pave the way for testing some of the predictions proposed by the distributed WM view. Further, after briefly discussing current barriers that need to be overcome for implementing cortico-cortical TMS for WM research, examples of how cortico-cortical TMS may be employed in the context of WM research are provided, guided by the ongoing debate on the sensory recruitment framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1504783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and cortical network alterations in pediatric temporal lobe space-occupying lesions: an fMRI study.","authors":"Bohan Hu, Xueyi Guan, Huina Zhai, Xu Han, Cuiling Hu, Jian Gong","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1509899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1509899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal lobe mass lesions are the most common intracranial space-occupying lesions in children, among various brain lobes. The temporal lobe is critically involved in higher cognitive functions, and surgical interventions often risk causing damage to these functions. If necessary interventions and prehabilitation can be conducted preoperatively, it might be possible to achieve a larger extent of lesion resection with minimal cognitive impairment. However, research in this area has been relatively limited in the past. Our study aims to fill this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 15 children with temporal lobe mass lesions and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy children as controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessments and functional MRI scans. The cognitive testing data and functional MRI data were then analyzed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings suggest that children with temporal lobe mass lesions primarily exhibit impairments in working memory and sustained attention. Multiple brain network indices were altered in the affected children, with the most prominent change being hyperactivation of the default mode network (DMN). This hyperactivation was correlated with cognitive impairments, indicating that the overactivation of the DMN might represent an inefficient compensatory mechanism within the brain's networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to healthy children, those with temporal lobe mass lesions experience deficits in working memory and sustained attention, and the hyperactivation of the DMN may be the underlying network mechanism driving these cognitive impairments. Our research offers a unique and clinically valuable reference for future studies on preoperative interventions and prehabilitation in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1509899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease: latest developments and future directions.","authors":"Xilong Wang, Ziqi Liu, Zhenyu Zhou, Junze Zhang, Yanru Wang, Shihao He, Rong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1502318","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1502318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive dysfunction is common in Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, current knowledge of cognitive impairment in MMD is inadequate. In this review, we explored the characteristics of altered cognitive function associated with MMD and offered recommendations aimed at guiding potential research endeavors into the cognitive dysfunction in MMD. Cognitive functions, including executive function, intelligence, memory and so on, show characteristic declines in MMD. The effects of cerebral revascularization surgery on cognitive impairment are controversial. Currently, there is still a lack of relevant research on cognitive impairment. Research on the pathogenesis and etiology associated with Moyamoya disease as well as long-term cohort studies, are important future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1502318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain spatial reconciliation through multisensory integration in the impact of pandemic fatigue on workplace.","authors":"Rizka Tri Arinta, Prasasto Satwiko, Robert Rianto Widjaja, Sri Kusrohmaniah","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1419889","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1419889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the prevalence of fatigue, reduced interpersonal interaction, and heightened stress in work environments. The intersection of neuroscience and architecture underscores how intricate spatial perceptions are shaped by multisensory stimuli, profoundly influencing workers' wellbeing. In this study, EEG and VR technologies, specifically the <i>Emotiv Epoc X</i>, were employed to gather data on perception and cognition. Through the analysis of statistical data, <i>independent component</i> analysis (ICA), and perception metrics, the research explored the brain's responses to various sensory stimuli encountered in the workplace. This research aims to examine how individuals adapt to work environments that expose them to multiple sensory stimuli, by observing brain activity and perception processing. The findings indicate that integrating multisensory stimuli, such as light, sound, and smell, can significantly enhance employees' performance and perception of their workspaces. <i>The Bayesian brain</i> mechanism, which prioritizes key sensorimotor inputs, plays a critical role in continuously adjusting the brain's perception of sensory information. This mechanism operates through sensory weighting, wherein the brain assigns greater importance to the most relevant sensory inputs, depending on the specific demands of the work environment. For instance, visual elements, such as lighting and color schemes, along with olfactory stimuli in high-density environments, are instrumental in shaping workers' perceptions of the spatial dimensions, ambiance, and emotional responses within the workplace. This underscores the potential of multisensory integration as a form of reconciliation between architecture and the cognitive demands of office spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1419889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fully immersive virtual reality training on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jing Yu, Jingru Song, Qin Shen","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1467697","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1467697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of dementia. There is no specific medication to slow the progression of MCI. Recent studies have confirmed the positive effects of virtual reality (VR). However, the results are inconsistent due to different types of VR interventions, small sample sizes, and the varying quality of the literature. This study aimed to assess the effects of fully immersive VR on cognitive function in MCI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of published literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP Database. The search period was from inception through March 1, 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of fully immersive virtual reality training on cognitive function in MCI patients. Two investigators independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment; a meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using RevMan 5.4. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 randomized controlled trials with 525 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that fully immersive virtual reality training had significant effects on global cognitive function (MD = 2.34, 95% CI [0.55, 4.12], <i>p</i> = 0.01); (MD = 0.93, 95% CI [0.30, 1.56], <i>p</i> < 0.01), executive function (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.35], <i>p</i> < 0.01), and attention (MD = 0.69, 95% CI [0.15, 1.23], <i>p</i> = 0.01). Still, the difference in memory (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI [-0.24, 0.78], <i>p</i> = 0.30) was not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses showed that executive function could be improved only when the intervention duration was ≥40 h. In contrast, excessive training (≥30 times) was counterproductive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fully immersive virtual reality training improved cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and attention in MCI patients but was less effective in improving memory. Subgroup analysis suggests that fully immersive VR training must ensure sufficient intervention duration while avoiding frequent interventions.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO (CRD42024498629).</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1467697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a two-dimensional pseudorandom balance perturbation test.","authors":"Andrew R Wagner, Sophia G Chirumbole, Jaclyn B Caccese, Ajit M W Chaudhari, Daniel M Merfeld","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1471132","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1471132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pseudorandom balance perturbations use unpredictable disturbances of the support surface to quantify reactive postural control. The ability to quantify postural responses to a continuous multidirectional perturbation in two orthogonal dimensions of sway (e.g., AP and ML) has yet to be investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a balance perturbation paradigm that used two spectrally independent sum of sinusoids signals (SoS₁, SoS₂), one for each orthogonal dimension of tilt (roll and pitch), to deliver a two-dimensional (2D) balance perturbation. In a group of 10 healthy adults we measured postural sway during 2D perturbations, as well as for each of the two individual 1D perturbation components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that during 2D perturbations, spectral peaks in the sway response were larger at the perturbed frequencies when compared to (1) the adjacent non-perturbed frequencies and (2) the frequencies contained within the orthogonal, spectrally independent perturbation signal. We also found that for each of the two spectra (SoS₁, SoS₂), the magnitude and timing of the sway response relative to the platform disturbance was similar when measured during 1D and 2D conditions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data support that our novel 2D SoS perturbation test was able to evoke ML and AP postural responses that were (1) specific to the roll and pitch perturbations, respectively, and (2) similar to the responses provoked by individual 1D perturbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1471132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in large-scale resting-state network nodes following transcranial focused ultrasound of deep brain structures.","authors":"Stephanie M Gorka, Jagan Jimmy, Katherine Koning, K Luan Phan, Natalie Rotstein, Bianca Hoang-Dang, Sabrina Halavi, Norman Spivak, Martin M Monti, Nicco Reggente, Susan Y Bookheimer, Taylor P Kuhn","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1486770","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1486770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a brain stimulation approach that holds promise for the treatment of brain-based disorders. Studies in humans have shown that tFUS can successfully modulate perfusion in focal sonication targets, including the amygdala; however, limited research has explored how tFUS impacts large-scale neural networks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the current study was to address this gap and examine changes in resting-state connectivity between large-scale network nodes using a randomized, double-blind, within-subjects crossover study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy adults (<i>n =</i> 18) completed two tFUS sessions, 14 days apart. Each session included tFUS of either the right amygdala or the left entorhinal cortex (ErC). The inclusion of two active targets allowed for within-subjects comparisons as a function of the locus of sonication. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected before and after each tFUS session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>tFUS altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) within and between rs-network nodes. Pre-to-post sonication of the right amygdala modulated connectivity within nodes of the salience network (SAN) and between nodes of the SAN and the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FRP). A decrease in SAN to FPN connectivity was specific to the amygdala target. Pre-to-post sonication of the left ErC modulated connectivity between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and FPN and DMN. An increase in DAN to DMN connectivity was specific to the ErC target.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings may suggest that tFUS induces neuroplastic changes beyond the immediate sonication target. Additional studies are needed to determine the long-term stability of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1486770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of language impairment in non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia.","authors":"Diliara R Akhmadullina, Rodion N Konovalov, Yulia A Shpilyukova, Kseniya V Nevzorova, Ekaterina Yu Fedotova, Sergey N Illarioshkin","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1486809","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1486809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a predominantly speech and language impairment. Apraxia of speech and expressive agrammatisms along with decreased speech fluency and impaired grammar comprehension are the most typical disorder manifestations but with the course of the disease other language disturbances may also arise. Most studies have investigated these symptoms individually, and there is still no consensus on whether they have similar or different neuroanatomical foundations in nfvPPA. In addition, only few works have focused on the functional connectivity correlates. The aim of our study was to simultaneously investigate functional and structural brain-language associations in one group of nfvPPA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty eight patients were enrolled and underwent brain MRI and language assessment. Apraxia of speech, expressive and receptive agrammatisms, repetition, naming and single word comprehension correlates were identified using voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional MRI (ROI-to-ROI analysis).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Among the structural correlates, the most common were inferior frontal gyrus (was associated with fluency, both expressive and receptive agrammatisms) and supramarginal gyrus (apraxia of speech, receptive agrammatisms, naming and repetition). Apart from that, neuroanatomical foundations were different for each of the core nfvPPA language domains, including superior parietal lobule involvement in fluency, temporoparietal areas in receptive agrammatisms and supplemental motor area in apraxia of speech. Functional correlations were even more diverse. In general, connectivity decrease between temporoparietal structures was more typical for expressive and receptive agrammatisms, single word comprehension and naming, while apraxia of speech, fluency and repetition showed connectivity disruption mainly among the frontoparietal region and subcortical structures. Overall, extensive structural and functional changes are involved in the development of language and speech disturbances in nfvPPA with distinctive neuroanatomical foundations for each domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1486809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}