Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the acute cognitive effects of dietary compounds using fNIRS: methodological limitations and perspectives for research targeting healthy adults.","authors":"Sélima Zahar, Dimitri Van de Ville, Julie Hudry","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1493880","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1493880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain's response to cognitive demands hinges on sufficient blood flow, with changes in brain hemodynamics serving as a reflection of this process. Certain bioactive compounds found in our diet, such as caffeine, polyphenols, and nitrate, can acutely impact brain hemodynamics through diverse neural, vasoactive, and metabolic mechanisms. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a non-invasive and real-time method to investigate these effects. Despite their potential, fNIRS studies investigating the acute impacts of bioactive compounds on cognition face methodological gaps, especially in controlling confounding factors. Given the impact of these confounding effects, which can be significant due to the relatively limited sample size of such studies, there is a need to refine the methodologies employed. This review proposes recommendations to enhance current methodologies in the research field, focusing on key aspects of the data collection phase, including research design, experimental paradigms, and participant demographics, and their integration into the analysis phase. Ultimately, it seeks to advance our understanding of the effects of bioactive compounds on cognitive functions to contribute to the development of targeted nutritional interventions for improved brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1493880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Neurocomputational models of language processing.","authors":"Markus J Hofmann, Ya-Ning Chang, Harm Brouwer, Michael Zock","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1524366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1524366","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1524366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Neurologic correlates of motor function in cerebral palsy: opportunities for targeted treatment, volume II.","authors":"Jessica Rose, Christos Papadelis","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1525962","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1525962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1525962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11647525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in brain and religion studies: a review and synthesis of recent representative studies.","authors":"Patrick McNamara, Jordan Grafman","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495565","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review and synthesize recent religion and brain studies and find that at a broad network neuroscience level, religious/spiritual experiences (RSEs) appear to depend crucially upon interactions between the default mode network (DMN), the frontoparietal network (FPN), and the salience network (SN). We see this general result as broadly consistent with Menon's et al. \"Triple Network or Tripartite Model\" (TPM) of neuropsychiatric function/dysfunction. A TPM cycling model is here offered to account for details of neural bases of an array of RSE phenomena including ecstatic seizures, neuroimaging of religious participants, psychedelically induced mystical states and perceptions of supernatural agents. To adequately account for SA perceptions, however, recent evidence suggests that REM sleep and dreaming mechanisms likely play a role. Future research should examine neurodevelopmental mechanisms of acquired SA perceptions as well as societal-level effects such as brain mediated religious beliefs of in-group cohesion and out-group hostility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1495565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The population based cognitive testing in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 (POPCOV2) study: longitudinal investigation of remote cognitive and fatigue screening in PCR-positive cases and negative controls.","authors":"Alina von Etzdorf, Maja Harzen, Hannah Heinrichs, Henning Seifert, Stefan J Groiß, Carolin Balloff, Torsten Feldt, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen, Tom Lüdde, Michael Bernhard, Alfons Schnitzler, Klaus Goebels, Jörg Kraus, Sven G Meuth, Saskia Elben, Philipp Albrecht","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1468204","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1468204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The majority of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) only show mild respiratory symptoms. However, some patients with SARS-CoV-2 display neurological symptoms. Data on the exact prevalence and course of cognitive symptoms are often limited to patient reported outcomes or studies recruited at specialized centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this prospective, non-interventional population based POPCOV2 study, 156 subjects who performed SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Düsseldorf metropolitan area at public test centers between December 2020 and February 2022 were recruited by handouts. SARS-CoV-2-positive and negatively tested subjects were included within the first seven days after the PCR test results. Cognitive testing was performed at baseline during home quarantine and after 4-6 as well as 12-14 weeks of follow-up. Individuals were examined remotely by videocalls using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in addition to the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the SARS-CoV-2-positive group presented with higher levels of fatigue in the BFI. In both the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative groups, some subjects presented attention and memory deficits, defined as a z-score < -1,65 on the SDMT or < 26 points on the MoCA (SDMT: 22.9% in the positive and 8.8% in the negative group, <i>p</i> = 0.024; MoCA: 35.6% in the positive and 27.3% in the negative group, <i>p</i> = 0.313). MoCA and SDMT improved over time in both groups. For MoCA scores, a significant difference between the two groups was only seen at the first follow-up. SDMT z-scores did not differ at any time between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support previous evidence that mild SARS-CoV-2 infections are associated with increased fatigue. However, we found relevant rates of cognitive impairment not only in the infected but also in the control group. This underlines the importance of including a control group in such investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1468204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D and focal brain atrophy in PD with non-dementia: a VBM study.","authors":"Yingying Xu, Erlei Wang, Qilin Zhang, Jing Liu, Weifeng Luo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1474148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1474148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The status of vitamin D has been proposed to have an impact on cognition. Gray matter volume (GMV) is a potential marker of cognitive function. We investigated whether lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with reduced cerebral GMV in Parkinson's disease with non-dementia (PDND) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline neuropsychiatric performance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were examined in 24 PDND patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs). A set of cognitive scales were used to evaluate the cognition. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to calculate each PDND patient's GMV, based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, cognition, and GMV were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of the PDND group were significantly lower than those of the HC group. The simple linear regression analyses between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the scores of subtests that analyzed cognitive function showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with Trail Making Test-A scores and positively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Auditory Verbal Learning Test scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between the right fusiform gyrus GMV and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We hypothesized that the lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in patients with PDND might affect auditory word learning and spatial cognition ability by reducing the gray matter volume of the right fusiform gyrus, thereby leading to deterioration of semantic understanding and memory function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1474148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origins of light-independent magnetoreception in humans.","authors":"Takashi Shibata, Noriaki Hattori, Hisao Nishijo, Satoshi Kuroda, Kaoru Takakusaki","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1482872","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1482872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Earth's abundance of iron has played a crucial role in both generating its geomagnetic field and contributing to the development of early life. In ancient oceans, iron ions, particularly around deep-sea hydrothermal vents, might have catalyzed the formation of macromolecules, leading to the emergence of life and the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Iron continued to influence catalysis, metabolism, and molecular evolution, resulting in the creation of magnetosome gene clusters in magnetotactic bacteria, which enabled these unicellular organisms to detect geomagnetic field. Although humans lack a clearly identified organ for geomagnetic sensing, many life forms have adapted to geomagnetic field-even in deep-sea environments-through mechanisms beyond the conventional five senses. Research indicates that zebrafish hindbrains are sensitive to magnetic fields, the semicircular canals of pigeons respond to weak potential changes through electromagnetic induction, and human brainwaves respond to magnetic fields in darkness. This suggests that the trigeminal brainstem nucleus and vestibular nuclei, which integrate multimodal magnetic information, might play a role in geomagnetic processing. From iron-based metabolic systems to magnetic sensing in neurons, the evolution of life reflects ongoing adaptation to geomagnetic field. However, since magnetite-activated, torque-based ion channels within cell membranes have not yet been identified, specialized sensory structures like the semicircular canals might still be necessary for detecting geomagnetic orientation. This mini-review explores the evolution of life from Earth's formation to light-independent human magnetoreception, examining both the magnetite hypothesis and the electromagnetic induction hypothesis as potential mechanisms for human geomagnetic detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1482872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in non-invasive brain stimulation: enhancing sports performance function and insights into exercise science.","authors":"Shuo Qi, Jinglun Yu, Li Li, Chen Dong, Zhe Ji, Lei Cao, Zhen Wei, Zhiqiang Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1477111","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1477111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebral cortex, as the pinnacle of human complexity, poses formidable challenges to contemporary neuroscience. Recent advancements in non-invasive brain stimulation have been pivotal in enhancing human locomotor functions, a burgeoning area of interest in exercise science. Techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation are widely recognized for their neuromodulator capabilities. Despite their broad applications, these methods are not without limitations, notably in spatial and temporal resolution and their inability to target deep brain structures effectively. The advent of innovative non-invasive brain stimulation modalities, including transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation and temporal interference stimulation technology, heralds a new era in neuromodulation. These approaches offer superior spatial and temporal precision, promising to elevate athletic performance, accelerate sport science research, and enhance recovery from sports-related injuries and neurological conditions. This comprehensive review delves into the principles, applications, and future prospects of non-invasive brain stimulation in the realm of exercise science. By elucidating the mechanisms of action and potential benefits, this study aims to arm researchers with the tools necessary to modulate targeted brain regions, thereby deepening our understanding of the intricate interplay between brain function and human behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1477111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory neurofeedback: current state and possibilities for further development.","authors":"Ivan Ninenko, Alexandra Medvedeva, Victoria L Efimova, Daria F Kleeva, Marina Morozova, Mikhail A Lebedev","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1419552","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1419552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This perspective considers the novel concept of olfactory neurofeedback (O-NFB) within the framework of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), where olfactory stimuli are integrated in various BCI control loops. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG)-based O-NFB systems are capable of incorporating different components of complex olfactory processing - from simple discrimination tasks to using olfactory stimuli for rehabilitation of neurological disorders. In our own work, EEG theta and alpha rhythms were probed as control variables for O-NFB. Additionaly, we developed an olfactory-based instructed-delay task. We suggest that the unique functions of olfaction offer numerous medical and consumer applications where O-NFB is combined with sensory inputs of other modalities within a BCI framework to engage brain plasticity. We discuss the ways O-NFB could be implemented, including the integration of different types of olfactory displays in the experiment set-up and EEG features to be utilized. We emphasize the importance of synchronizing O-NFB with respiratory rhythms, which are known to influence EEG patterns and cognitive processing. Overall, we expect that O-NFB systems will contribute to both practical applications in the clinical world and the basic neuroscience of olfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1419552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structure and function differences across varying levels of endurance training: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Keying Zhang, Chunmei Cao, Yaxue Wang, Dong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1503094","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1503094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although previous studies have shown that athletes engaged in endurance sports exhibit unique characteristics of brain plasticity, there has been no systematic investigation into the structural and functional brain characteristics of endurance athletes with varying training levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the \"expert-novice paradigm\" design, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to obtain images of brain structure and functional activity. We compared differences in gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and degree centrality (DC) among high-level endurance athletes, moderate-level endurance athletes, and non-athlete controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) High-level endurance athletes exhibited significantly greater GMV in the left parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral thalamus, right temporal lobe, and bilateral cerebellum compared to both moderate-level endurance athletes and controls. The GMV in these regions showed an increasing trend with more years of endurance training and higher endurance capacity. Additionally, these athletes had significantly higher fALFF in the left superior medial frontal gyrus and right precuneus, as well as higher DC in the right lateral occipital lobe compared to moderate-level endurance athletes. They also had significantly higher DC in the right precuneus and cerebellum compared to the control group. (2) Moderate-level endurance athletes demonstrated significantly greater GMV in the right prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial frontal lobe, right temporal pole, right striatum, and bilateral insula compared to high-level endurance athletes. They also had significantly higher fALFF in the left posterior cingulate gyrus compared to high-level endurance athletes. (3) Control group showed significantly greater GMV in the right amygdala, higher fALFF in the left medial frontal lobe, and greater DC in the left lateral occipital lobe compared to moderate-level endurance athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adaptive benefits exhibit different characteristics across different endurance levels. High-level endurance athletes exhibit pronounced enhancements in gray matter volume and functional activity in regions associated with memory, motor control, and sensory processing. While moderate-level athletes demonstrate distinct functional reorganization in the default mode network and cerebellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1503094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}