Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Looks at what isn't there: eye movements on a blank screen when processing negation in a first and a second language.","authors":"Norbert Vanek, Ana Matić Škorić, Sara Košutar, Štěpán Matějka, Kate Stone","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1457038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1457038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Is negation more difficult to process than affirmation? If it is, does processing negation in a second language (L2) compound the difficulty compared to the first language (L1)? This article addresses the issues of difficulties in processing different types of negation in the L1 and L2 by looking at the differences in the ways in which comprehenders anticipate upcoming visual information during sentence processing. Using a blank-screen paradigm, we recorded eye fixations of Croatian native speakers and Croatian learners of English while they were anticipating matching or mismatching pictures to sentences with various types of negation in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (English). Using a between-group design, we manipulated sentence polarity (affirmative vs. negative), negation type (sentential vs. negative quantifier) within both L1 Croatian and L2 English so that we could observe potential anticipation effects varying as a function of the two predictors. In line with previous studies, affirmation in the L1 was easier to process than negation, and participants were able to anticipate sentence-picture matches in both the L1 and the L2 group. In contrast with our prediction, anticipatory looks did not significantly vary across negation types in Croatian based on the number of structural cues. In L2 English, learners exhibited prediction ability across negation types. These findings go against the view that comprehension in L2 comes with a reduced ability to generate expectations, and they highlight the robustness of mental simulations in both L1 and L2 negation processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1457038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementary motor area is deactivated during mental rotation tasks with biomechanical constraints in fMRI.","authors":"Makoto Nomura, Michihiko Koeda, Yumiko Ikeda, Amane Tateno, Ryosuke Arakawa, Yoichiro Aoyagi","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1455587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1455587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mental rotation (MR) tasks of body parts involve anatomically interconnected brain systems. The systems are implicated in sensorimotor information integration and activate cortical motor-related areas, corresponding to the execution of similar motor tasks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of varying the angle in the hand MR task on cerebral activation of the motor-related areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy right-handed participants were recruited. We investigated cerebral activation while each participant decided whether a hand-palm image, rotated by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, was a right or left hand.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>A significant negative correlation between the angle and brain activity was observed in the right and left supplementary motor area (SMA) and right posterior anterior cingulate gyrus. The SMA was inactivated with 180°- or 270°-rotated images in the regions of interest analysis. 180°- and 270°-rotated palms would be biomechanically difficult to position; thus, SMA deactivation may be closely associated with biomechanical constraints. This study provided novel findings regarding the neurophysiological mechanisms of motor imagery and may be useful in developing treatment plans using MR tasks during patient rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1455587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the earliest hyperscanning study: power and functional connectivity in the alpha band may link brains far apart.","authors":"Tolga Esat Özkurt","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This brief report revisits the earliest known hyperscanning study published in 1965, which examined simultaneous EEG recordings of identical twins separated by six meters. The original study's findings suggested that eye closure in one twin elicited alpha activity in the other, despite physical separation. Leveraging contemporary signal processing techniques, we reanalyzed the digitized data to validate their findings. Spectral analysis confirmed alpha activity in the twins' EEG signals, aligning with the original observations. Multitapering along with background noise subtraction also revealed the alpha activity in the unrelated subject, which could not be observed by visual inspection alone. Coherence analysis revealed significant alpha band synchrony between a twin and an unrelated subject, differing from the initial study's conclusions. Our findings indicate that even historical data can yield new insights when revisited with contemporary data analysis tools and highlight the potential for future large-scale studies using advanced techniques to explore nonlocal brain interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1476944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for long-term post-stroke cognitive impairment: a DTI case report.","authors":"Xixi Chen, Zhiqing Zhou, Kayee Chong, Jingjun Zhao, Yuwei Wu, Meng Ren, Yu Huang, Songmei Chen, Chunlei Shan","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1473535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1473535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Long-term post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) exhibits an accelerated rate of long-term cognitive decline, which can impair communication, limit social engagement, and increase rate of institutional dependence. The aim of this case report is to provide evidence for the potential of home-based transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for home-bound patients with severe, long-term PSCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 71-year-old male suffered a stroke two and a half years ago, which imaging reported foci of cerebral infarction visible in the left temporal and parietal lobes. The patient was performed taVNS twice a day for 30 min, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The patient was evaluated the changes of cognitive function and brain white matter at 4 time points: baseline (t0), 4 weeks without taVNS after baseline (t1), 4 weeks of intervention (t2), and 8 weeks of intervention (t3). The effect of taVNS on white matter changes was visualized by DTI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks of taVNS treatment, the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment improved and the time to complete the shape trails test decreased. The DTI results showed that white matter in bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex remodeled after taVNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight-week home-based taVNS may be beneficial to long-term PSCI. Further studies of home-based taVNS treating patients with long-term PSCI are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1473535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining modal and amodal language processing in proficient bilinguals: evidence from the modality-switch paradigm.","authors":"Dirk Wentura, Elisabeth Shi, Juliane Degner","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1426093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1426093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent discussions have emphasized the significance of embodied processing in language comprehension. Nevertheless, continuous debates persist regarding the relative contribution of modal (embodied) and amodal (abstract) processing of language. The current study investigated the contribution of modal processing in the first (L1) and second (L2) language, hypothesizing higher level of abstract amodal symbol processing in L2 than L1, since the correspondence of L1 and L2 (i.e., the symbol-to-symbol assignment) is in the foreground when learning L2. We employed the modality-switch paradigm (Pecher et al., 2003) in both German and French versions with proficient sequential German and French bilinguals (<i>N</i> = 79). Participants were presented with noun-adjective pairs (e.g., keys - jingling) in both languages and decided whether the adjective could be applied to the noun. This task repeatedly requires switching modality between trials, (e.g., from auditory [keys - jingling] to olfactory [soap - perfumed]), typically causing switch costs on response latency as compared to maintaining the modality. Contrary to the hypothesis, we observed modality switch effects (MSE) in both L1 and L2. This result suggests that embodied language processing occurs not only in the first language but also extends to the second language thus challenging the assumption that L2 processing predominantly involves abstract amodal symbol processing. Notably, however, significant L1 and L2 MSEs were found for French, whereas for German already the L1 effect was rather weak (though significant); the corresponding L2 effect was not significant. Thus, the results hinted at differences between languages regarding the relative role of modal and amodal processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1426093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid coupling between vasculature and neurons through mechanosensitive channels in the olfactory lobe.","authors":"Yilin Zhao, Yitong Lian, Haibo Di, Weiqiao Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1435859","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1435859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1435859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing learning experiences: EEG-based passive BCI system adapts learning speed to cognitive load in real-time, with motivation as catalyst.","authors":"Noémie Beauchemin, Patrick Charland, Alexander Karran, Jared Boasen, Bella Tadson, Sylvain Sénécal, Pierre-Majorique Léger","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1416683","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1416683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computer-based learning has gained popularity in recent years, providing learners greater flexibility and freedom. However, these learning environments do not consider the learner's mental state in real-time, resulting in less optimized learning experiences. This research aimed to explore the effect on the learning experience of a novel EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that adjusts the speed of information presentation in real-time during a learning task according to the learner's cognitive load. We also explored how motivation moderated these effects. In accordance with three experimental groups (non-adaptive, adaptive, and adaptive with motivation), participants performed a calibration task (<i>n</i>-back), followed by a memory-based learning task concerning astrological constellations. Learning gains were assessed based on performance on the learning task. Self-perceived mental workload, cognitive absorption and satisfaction were assessed using a post-test questionnaire. Between-group analyses using Mann-Whitney tests suggested that combining BCI and motivational factors led to more significant learning gains and an improved learning experience. No significant difference existed between the BCI without motivational factor and regular non-adaptive interface for overall learning gains, self-perceived mental workload, and cognitive absorption. However, participants who undertook the experiment with an imposed learning pace reported higher overall satisfaction with their learning experience and a higher level of temporal stress. Our findings suggest BCI's potential applicability and feasibility in improving memorization-based learning experiences. Further work should seek to optimize the BCI adaptive index and explore generalizability to other learning contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1416683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color-induced cognitive conflicts affect muscle activity prior to gait initiation in the Go/No-go task.","authors":"Takayuki Horinouchi, Haruki Ishida, Kangjing Yang, Jingnan Li, Takuya Morishita, Tatsunori Watanabe, Hikari Kirimoto","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1463220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1463220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In traffic rule, green/blue means go, and red means stop. It has been shown that this prior knowledge about traffic signal colors can affect reaction times (RTs). For example, RTs are longer when responding to a red \"Go\" signal and withholding the response to a blue \"No-go\" signal (Red Go/Blue No-go task) than when responding to a blue \"Go\" signal and withholding the response to a red \"No-go\" signal (Blue Go/Red No-go task), when responses are provided by button press. However, it remains unknown whether this holds in different actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prior knowledge of color on gait initiation in a Go/No-go task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen participants performed Green Go/Red No-go and Red Go/Green No-go tasks, in which they stepped forward from a force plate in response to a green or red signal and withhold the response to red or green signal, respectively. We recorded the center of pressure (COP) and electromyogram (EMG) from the bilateral tibialis anterior muscles during gait initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The onset of COP movement and toe-off time as well as COP displacements did not differ between the Go/No-go tasks. The EMG onset for the stance leg was delayed in the Red Go/Green No-go than Green Go/Red No-go task.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that the conflict between prior knowledge of color related to traffic rule and the meaning of the stimulus color affects muscle activity but not COP characteristics during gait initiation, highlighting two distinct motor control mechanisms, where the initial phase is influenced by cognitive load while the subsequent phase remains unaffected. This dissociation suggests that the later phase of gait initiation relies on robust spinal loops and central pattern generators, which are less influenced by cognitive factors such as prior knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1463220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial analysis of event-related potentials in response to color saliency differences among various color vision types.","authors":"Naoko Takahashi, Masataka Sawayama, Xu Chen, Yuki Motomura, Hiroshige Takeichi, Satoru Miyauchi, Chihiro Hiramatsu","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human color vision exhibits significant diversity that cannot be fully explained by categorical classifications. Understanding how individuals with different color vision phenotypes perceive, recognize, and react to the same physical stimuli provides valuable insights into sensory characteristics. This study aimed to identify behavioral and neural differences between different color visions, primarily classified as typical trichromats and anomalous trichromats, in response to two chromatic stimuli, blue-green and red, during an attention-demanding oddball task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the P3 component of event-related potentials (ERPs), associated with attention, and conducted a broad spatiotemporal exploration of neural differences. Behavioral responses were also analyzed to complement neural data. Participants included typical trichromats (<i>n</i> = 13) and anomalous trichromats (<i>n</i> = 5), and the chromatic stimuli were presented in an oddball paradigm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Typical trichromats exhibited faster potentiation from the occipital to parietal regions in response to the more salient red stimulus, particularly in the area overlapping with the P3 component. In contrast, anomalous trichromats revealed faster potentiation to the expected more salient blue-green stimulus in the occipital to parietal regions, with no other significant neural differences between stimuli. Comparisons between the color vision types showed no significant overall neural differences.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The large variability in red-green sensitivity among anomalous trichromats, along with neural variability not fully explained by this sensitivity, likely contributed to the absence of clear neural distinctions based on color saliency. While reaction times were influenced by red-green sensitivity, neural signals showed ambiguity regarding saliency differences. These findings suggest that factors beyond red-green sensitivity influenced neural activity related to color perception and cognition in minority color vision phenotypes. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to more comprehensively explore these neural dynamics and their broader implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1441380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital screener of socio-motor agency balancing motor autonomy and motor control.","authors":"Theodoros Bermperidis, Richa Rai, Elizabeth B Torres","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1442799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1442799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyadic social interactions evoke complex dynamics between two agents that, while exchanging unequal levels of body autonomy and motor control, may find a fine balance to synergize, take turns, and gradually build social rapport. To study the evolution of such complex interactions, we currently rely exclusively on subjective pencil and paper means. Here, we complement this approach with objective biometrics of socio-motor behaviors conducive to socio-motor agency. Using a common clinical test as the backdrop of our study to probe social interactions between a child and a clinician, we demonstrate new ways to streamline the detection of social readiness potential in both typically developing and autistic children by uncovering a handful of tasks that enable quantification of levels of motor autonomy and levels of motor control. Using these biometrics of autonomy and control, we further highlight differences between males and females and uncover a new data type amenable to generalizing our results to any social setting. The new methods convert continuous dyadic bodily biorhythmic activity into spike trains and demonstrate that in the context of dyadic behavioral analyses, they are well characterized by a continuous Gamma process that can classify individual levels of our thus defined socio-motor agency during a dyadic exchange. Finally, we apply signal detection processing tools in a machine learning approach to show the validity of the streamlined version of the digitized ADOS test. We offer a new framework that combines stochastic analyses, non-linear dynamics, and information theory to streamline and facilitate scaling the screening and tracking of social interactions with applications to autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1442799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}