Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neural speech tracking and auditory attention decoding in everyday life.","authors":"Lisa Straetmans, Kamil Adiloglu, Stefan Debener","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1483024","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1483024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In our complex world, the auditory system plays a crucial role in perceiving and processing our environment. Humans are able to segment and stream concurrent auditory objects, allowing them to focus on specific sounds, such as speech, and suppress irrelevant auditory objects. The attentional enhancement or suppression of sound processing is evident in neural data through a phenomenon called neural speech tracking. Previous studies have identified correlates of neural speech tracking in electroencephalography (EEG) data, but EEG measures are susceptible to motion artefacts, and the association between neural data and auditory objects is vulnerable to distraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study investigated EEG-based auditory attention decoding in realistic everyday scenarios. N=20 participants were exposed to the sound of a busy cafeteria or walked along busy and quiet streets while listening to one or two simultaneous speech streams. We also investigated the robustness of neural speech tracking estimates within subjects. Linear decoding models were used to determine the magnitude of neural speech tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results confirmed that neural speech tracking was strongest in single speaker scenarios. In dual speaker conditions, there was significantly stronger neural speech tracking for the attended speaker compared to the ignored speaker, even in complex environments such as a busy cafeteria or outdoor settings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, EEG-based attention decoding is feasible in highly complex and realistic everyday conditions while humans behave naturally.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1483024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining how topicality impacts pronoun resolution in second language processing.","authors":"Tingting Wang, Utako Minai, Alison Gabriele","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1456178","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1456178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In research on second language (L2) processing, the processing of reference has been highlighted as a domain of particular difficulty, but the source of the difficulty is not well understood. The present study examines whether differences in the pronominal systems of the first language (L1) and L2 impact processing. We take a novel approach, testing a group of intermediate-advanced L2 learners in both their L1 (Mandarin Chinese) and L2 (English), allowing us to directly examine whether L2 learners show similar or different patterns when processing the L1 and L2. We also test a group of L1 English speakers. The study focused on two topicality-related factors, subjecthood and pronominalization, that have been shown to increase the prominence of an entity in the discourse, making it more likely that an entity in subject position (subjecthood) or an entity that has been referred to with a pronoun (pronominalization) will be considered as an antecedent for a subsequent pronoun. We developed a picture verification task with visual-world eye-tracking in both English and Chinese. This task provides a measure of both pronoun interpretation and online processing. Results showed subtle differences in how subjecthood and pronominalization are weighted in English and Chinese as L1s: pronominalization played a stronger role in L1 Chinese than in L1 English both in the interpretation measure and in the eye-movement data. The results for the L2 English learners showed an interesting pattern in which their results were more similar to the L1 English results on the measure of pronoun interpretation, but were more similar to the L1 Chinese results in the eye-movement data. These results show successful use of discourse cues in L2 pronoun interpretation but differences between L1 and L2 speakers during processing. It is proposed that decreased sensitivity to morphosyntactic information that is not present in the L1 (case on pronouns) leads to differences in L2 referential processing, in line with proposals that L2 learners face challenges with integrating different kinds of linguistic information online, particularly morphosyntactic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1456178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sports vision training on visuomotor skills and shooting performance in elite skeet shooters.","authors":"Yuqiang Guo, Tinggang Yuan, Jian Peng, Liwei Deng, Chao Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476649","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vision serves as a critical channel for athletes to acquire information during competitions and constitutes a vital component of their competitive ability. Through scientifically designed sports visual training, specific visual skills can be enhanced, thereby assisting athletes in achieving optimal performance in competitive settings. This study aim to explore the visuomotor abilities and shooting performance of skeet shooters through Sports Vision Training (SVT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty elite skeet shooters were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental group (EXP, <i>n</i> = 10) and a control group (CON, <i>n</i> = 10). The EXP underwent 6-week of SVT on Senaptec Seneory Station, twice a week, while the CON completed an equivalent workload of target-tracking training.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Visuomotor skills testing showed significant improvements in Near- Far Quickness, Perception Span, and Eye-hand Coordination in the EXP (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no changes in the CON. Comparative post-test results between the two groups showed significant differences in N/F Q, Target Capture, Perception Span, Eye-hand Coordination, and Go/ No Go (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In shooting performance indicators, EXP shooters showed a highly significant improvement in hit accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with a similar difference compared to the CON. Additionally, they exhibited a highly significant improvement in shotgun-mounting reaction time (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Kinematic indicators of shotgun movement during the firing process for shot 2 showed significant differences in peak velocity (<i>p</i> < 0.01), X-axis (<i>p</i> = 0.033) and Y-axis (<i>p</i> = 0.001) displacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SVT can enhance visuomotor abilities in skeet shooters and has a positive impact on their shooting technique. This is primarily manifested in shorter shotgun-mounting reaction time and improved efficiency in action at shot 2, effectively improving their shooting accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1476649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social network structure modulates neural activities underlying group norm processing: evidence from event-related potentials.","authors":"Mengfei Han, Ruoxuan Han, Xin Liu, Duo Xie, Rong Lin, Yaokun Hao, Hanxiao Ge, Yiwen Hu, Yuyang Zhu, Liu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1479899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1479899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social ties play a crucial role in determining the health and wellbeing of individuals. However, it remains unclear whether the capacity to process social information distinguishes well-connected individuals from their less-connected peers. This study explored how an individual's social network structure influences the dynamic processing of group norms, utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 43 university students from the same class who participated in a social network study measuring metrics such as real-life social network size, in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality. Subsequently, 27 students participated in an EEG study assessing their willingness to engage in various exercises after being exposed to peer feedback or in its absence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that an individual's social network structure is significantly associated with the dynamic processing of group norms. Notably, well-connected individuals exhibited larger ERP amplitudes linked to feedback (e.g., N200, P300, and LPP), greater functional segregation within the brain network (e.g., local efficiency and clustering coefficient), and enhanced synchronization within frontal area and across different brain areas.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight that well-connected individuals possess enhanced sensitivity and efficiency in processing social information, pointing to potential areas for further research on the factors influencing social network evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1479899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperscanning: from inter-brain coupling to causality.","authors":"Andrey Markus, Simone G Shamay-Tsoory","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1497034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In hyperscanning studies, participants perform a joint task while their brain activation is simultaneously recorded. Evidence of inter-brain coupling is examined, in these studies, as a predictor of behavioral change. While the field of hyperscanning has made significant strides in unraveling the associations between inter-brain coupling and changes in social interactions, drawing causal conclusions between brain and behavior remains challenging. This difficulty arises from factors like the inherently different timescales of behavioral responses and measured cerebral activity, as well as the predominant focus of existing methods on associations rather than causality. Specifically, a question remains as to whether inter-brain coupling between specific brain regions leads to changes in behavioral synchrony, or vice-versa. We propose two novel approaches to addressing this question. The first method involves using dyadic neurofeedback, wherein instances of inter-brain coupling are directly reinforced. Such a system could examine if continuous changes of inter-brain coupling are the result of deliberate mutual attempts to synchronize. The second method employs statistical approaches, including Granger causality and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Granger causality assesses the predictive influence of one time series on another, enabling the identification of directional neural interactions that drive behavior. SEM allows for detailed modeling of both direct and indirect effects of inter-brain coupling on behavior. We provide an example of data analysis with the SEM approach, discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach and posit that applying these approaches could provide significant insights into how inter-brain coupling supports crucial processes that occur in social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1497034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing slow event-related fMRI to investigate trial-level brain-behavior relationships during object identification.","authors":"Stephen J Gotts, Adrian W Gilmore, Alex Martin","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1506661","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1506661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding brain-behavior relationships is the core goal of cognitive neuroscience. However, these relationships-especially those related to complex cognitive and psychopathological behaviors-have recently been shown to suffer from very small effect sizes (0.1 or less), requiring potentially thousands of participants to yield robust findings. Here, we focus on a much more optimistic case utilizing task-based fMRI and a multi-echo acquisition with trial-level brain-behavior associations measured within participant. In a visual object identification task for which the behavioral measure is response time (RT), we show that while trial-level associations between BOLD and RT can similarly suffer from weak effect sizes, converting these associations to their corresponding group-level effects can yield robust peak effect sizes (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.0 or larger). Multi-echo denoising (Multi-Echo ICA or ME-ICA) yields larger effects than optimally combined multi-echo with no denoising, which is in turn an improvement over standard single-echo acquisition. While estimating these brain-behavior relationships benefits from the inclusion of a large number of trials per participant, even a modest number of trials (20-30 or more) yields robust group-level effect sizes, with replicable effects obtainable with relatively standard sample sizes (<i>N</i> = 20-30 participants per sample).</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1506661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward standardized MEP recording? Exploring the role of electrode configuration in TMS studies.","authors":"Ana Carolina Borges Valente, Lucas Dos Santos Betioli, Lidiane Aparecida Fernandes, Daniela Morales, Lilian Pinto da Silva, Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1488438","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1488438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1488438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of olfactory training for chronic olfactory disorder following COVID-19: a systematic review.","authors":"Natalia Treder-Rochna, Aleksandra Mańkowska, Wiktoria Kujawa, Michał Harciarek","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1457527","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1457527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic olfactory disorders are some of the most frequent post-COVID-19 presentations. Olfactory training (OT) is currently the most popular method used for treating post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD). We evaluated the effect of olfactory training on the chronic olfactory disorders of patients infected with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed per PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and the Cochrane Library. Only patients with chronic olfactory disorders of 30 days or more were included. The primary outcome was the olfactory score at the end of follow-up. In all studies, improvement was defined as a positive change over time in the results of objective psychophysical olfactory tests. The most commonly used test was the Sniffin' Sticks. Typically, outcome measures involved comparing the mean olfactory scores. In the Sniffin' Sticks test, an improvement was also indicated by a change of 5.5 points or more in the Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies (1.596 participants) were included in this review. Among the included studies, up to 10 were RCTs. Nine studies assessed the combined effects of adjuvant therapy and olfactory training, while five studies assessed only OT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our assessment, olfactory training alone produces significant improvements in chronic olfactory dysfunctions. However, a combined therapy approach is essential to achieve more effective outcomes. Integrating olfactory training with adjuvants like CoUltraPEALut, Cerebrolysin, and oral Vitamin A has demonstrated substantial benefits in enhancing post-COVID-19 olfactory function. Strict adherence to the OT protocol and extending the duration of OT to 3 months or more significantly enhance treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1457527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11586678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducible routes: reliably navigating the connectome to enrich personalized brain stimulation strategies.","authors":"Yilin Liu, Mark H Sundman, Chidi Ugonna, Yu-Chin Allison Chen, Jacob M Green, Lisbeth G Haaheim, Hannah M Siu, Ying-Hui Chou","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1477049","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1477049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technologies, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), offer significant therapeutic potential for a growing number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Concurrent with the expansion of this field is the swift evolution of rTMS methodologies, including approaches to optimize stimulation site planning. Traditional targeting methods, foundational to early successes in the field and still widely employed today, include using scalp-based heuristics or integrating structural MRI co-registration to align the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil with anatomical landmarks. Recent evidence, however, supports refining and personalizing stimulation sites based on the target's structural and/or functional connectivity profile. These connectomic approaches harness the network-wide neuromodulatory effects of rTMS to reach deeper brain structures while also enabling a greater degree of personalization by accounting for heterogenous network topology. In this study, we acquired baseline multimodal magnetic resonance (MRI) at two time points to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of distinct connectome-based strategies for stimulation site planning. Specifically, we compared the intra-individual difference between the optimal stimulation sites generated at each time point for (1) functional connectivity (FC) guided targets derived from resting-state functional MRI and (2) structural connectivity (SC) guided targets derived from diffusion tensor imaging. Our findings suggest superior reproducibility of SC-guided targets. We emphasize the necessity for further research to validate these findings across diverse patient populations, thereby advancing the personalization of rTMS treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1477049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Might culture impact the assessment of handedness in Black participants in neuroscience research?","authors":"Michelle Nwufo, Adaeze Onuoha, Cori Mallory, Joy Stradford, Eran Zaidel, Vickie M Mays","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1390881","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1390881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1390881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}