Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Motor interventions: balance and cognition in older individuals.","authors":"Gustavo Christofoletti, Warren G Darling","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1516396","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1516396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1516396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to grow a self: development of self-representation in the Bayesian brain.","authors":"Mateusz Woźniak","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1441931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1441931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring consumers' perceptions of online purchase decision factors: electroencephalography and eye-tracking evidence.","authors":"Michal Pšurný, Stanislav Mokrý, Jana Stavkova","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1411685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1411685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Consumer behavior on the Internet is influenced by factors that can affect consumers' perceptions and attention to products. Understanding these processes at the neurobiological level can help to understand consumers' implicit responses to marketing stimuli. The objective of this study is to use electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differential effects of selected online purchase decision factors that are becoming increasingly important in online shopping.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and simultaneous eye-tracking measurements, we identified differences in the perception of utilitarian and hedonic products when the products are exposed together with visual elements of the factors review, discount, and quantity discount. The ERP analysis focused on the P200 and late positive potential components (LPP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By allowing free-viewing of stimuli during measurement, early automatic and later more complex attentional affective responses could be observed. The results suggest that the review and discount factors are processed faster than the product itself. However, the eye-tracking data indicate that the brain processes the factor without looking at it directly, i.e., from a peripheral view.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study also demonstrates the possibilities of using new objective methods based on neurobiology and how they can be applied, especially in areas where the use of neuroscience is still rare, yet so much needed to objectify consumers' knowledge of their need satisfaction behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1411685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention model of EEG signals based on reinforcement learning.","authors":"Wei Zhang, Xianlun Tang, Mengzhou Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1442398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1442398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Applying convolutional neural networks to a large number of EEG signal samples is computationally expensive because the computational complexity is linearly proportional to the number of dimensions of the EEG signal. We propose a new Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network model based on reinforcement learning, which considers the implementation of attention mechanisms in Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing scenarios as a reinforcement learning problem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The model can adaptively select target regions or position sequences from inputs and effectively extract information from EEG signals of different resolutions at multiple scales. Just as convolutional neural networks benefit from translation invariance, our proposed network also has a certain degree of translation invariance, making its computational complexity independent of the EEG signal dimension, thus maintaining a lower learning cost. Although the introduction of reinforcement learning makes the model non differentiable, we use policy gradient methods to achieve end-to-end learning of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated our proposed model on publicly available EEG dataset (BCI Competition IV-2a). The proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art techniques in the BCI Competition IV- 2a dataset with an accuracy of 86.78 and 71.54% for the subject-dependent and subject-independent modes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the field of EEG signal processing, attention models that combine reinforcement learning principles can focus on key features, automatically filter out noise and redundant data, and improve the accuracy of signal decoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1442398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring feasibility of fNIRS to assess delayed inhibition effect of prefrontal cortex for acute stress by acupuncture on GV20: a pilot study.","authors":"Hideaki Tamai, Shoichi Komine, Senichiro Kikuchi, Hideaki Waki","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1433312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1433312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acupuncture on the acupuncture point GV20 has been considered effective for managing psychoneurological disorders since ancient times, and GV20 is now regularly used to treat stress-related diseases (SRDs), including psychoneurological disorders. Although reports indicating that acupuncture stimulation of GV20 alone regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in brain regions associated with SRDs have been scattered, from the perspective of the need for earlier action, the effects on subjective stress as self-reported in the stress state of healthy individuals and CBF changes in related prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions, which is based as underlying mechanism, remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective methods for analyzing such effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple consecutive mental arithmetic tasks were performed to induce sufficient stress in healthy university students. Real acupuncture or sham acupuncture was performed on GV20, and subjective stress and CBF changes in PFC subregions were observed before and after acupuncture using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, which were analyzed based on the general linear model method and correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjective stress was suppressed and recovered significantly faster in the true acupuncture group than in the sham acupuncture group. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between subjective stress and CBF in several PFC subregions during and after the tasks, with more correlated regions on the left side than on the right side of the PFC. Among them, the CBF of the left ventrolateral PFC (vl-PFC) was suggested to be maintained in the true acupuncture group under repeated tasks load, which was inferred to be correlated with delayed decreases in subjective stress after acupuncture.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This pilot study showed that fNIRS is feasible for assessing delayed PFC inhibition in acute stress by acupuncture on GV20. Acupuncture treatment on GV20 resulted in early suppression of subjective stress and early recovery. The neuroscientific rationale for this finding may lie in its effect on maintaining CBF in the left vl-PFC related to delayed inhibition of subjective stress, and would make it reasonable to apply acupuncture to GV20 in healthy individuals. Larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings and obtain reliable conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1433312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling of scalp electroencephalography during walking preparation in Parkinson's disease differs depending on the freezing of gait.","authors":"Yuki Kimoto, Naoki Tani, Takuto Emura, Takahiro Matsuhashi, Takuto Yamamoto, Yuya Fujita, Satoru Oshino, Koichi Hosomi, Hui Ming Khoo, Shimpei Miura, Takahiro Fujinaga, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Haruhiko Kishima","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495272","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1495272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite using beta oscillations within the subthalamic nucleus as a biomarker of akinesia or rigidity in Parkinson's disease, a specific biomarker for freezing of gait (FOG) remains unclear. Recently, scalp phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) measured through scalp electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a promising tool for analyzing brain function. In this study, we examined whether PAC could be a biomarker for FOG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 11 patients with Parkinson's disease and recorded scalp EEG in preparation for and during gait while simultaneously assessing motor function, including FOG. We investigated changes in cortical PAC during walking with and without FOG and examined its correlation with the postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient characteristics were as follows: mean age 59.1 ± 6.9 years, disease duration 13.9 ± 4.1 years, and seven men. Four trials were excluded from the analysis owing to artifacts. In the trials without FOG (<i>n</i> = 18), beta-gamma PAC in the sensorimotor area decreased during gait preparation (<i>p</i> = 0.011; linear mixed-effects model), which was not the case in trials with FOG (<i>n</i> = 6) (<i>p</i> = 0.64; linear mixed-effects model). Using a support vector machine, machine learning of PAC during preparation for walking predicted the presence of FOG with an accuracy of 71.2%. Conversely, PAC increased during walking in trials with FOG (<i>p</i> = 0.0042; linear mixed-effects model), and PAC 20 s after the start of walking was positively correlated with the PIGD score (correlation coefficient = 0.406, <i>p</i> = 0.032; Pearson's rank correlation).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Beta-gamma PAC in the sensorimotor area during preparation for walking differs depending on the emergence of FOG. As gait symptoms worsened, beta-gamma PAC in the sensorimotor area during walking gradually increased. Cortical PAC may be a biomarker for FOG in Parkinson's disease and may lead to the development of strategies to prevent falls in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1495272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural speech tracking and auditory attention decoding in everyday life.","authors":"Lisa Straetmans, Kamil Adiloglu, Stefan Debener","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1483024","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1483024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In our complex world, the auditory system plays a crucial role in perceiving and processing our environment. Humans are able to segment and stream concurrent auditory objects, allowing them to focus on specific sounds, such as speech, and suppress irrelevant auditory objects. The attentional enhancement or suppression of sound processing is evident in neural data through a phenomenon called neural speech tracking. Previous studies have identified correlates of neural speech tracking in electroencephalography (EEG) data, but EEG measures are susceptible to motion artefacts, and the association between neural data and auditory objects is vulnerable to distraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study investigated EEG-based auditory attention decoding in realistic everyday scenarios. N=20 participants were exposed to the sound of a busy cafeteria or walked along busy and quiet streets while listening to one or two simultaneous speech streams. We also investigated the robustness of neural speech tracking estimates within subjects. Linear decoding models were used to determine the magnitude of neural speech tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results confirmed that neural speech tracking was strongest in single speaker scenarios. In dual speaker conditions, there was significantly stronger neural speech tracking for the attended speaker compared to the ignored speaker, even in complex environments such as a busy cafeteria or outdoor settings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, EEG-based attention decoding is feasible in highly complex and realistic everyday conditions while humans behave naturally.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1483024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining how topicality impacts pronoun resolution in second language processing.","authors":"Tingting Wang, Utako Minai, Alison Gabriele","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1456178","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1456178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In research on second language (L2) processing, the processing of reference has been highlighted as a domain of particular difficulty, but the source of the difficulty is not well understood. The present study examines whether differences in the pronominal systems of the first language (L1) and L2 impact processing. We take a novel approach, testing a group of intermediate-advanced L2 learners in both their L1 (Mandarin Chinese) and L2 (English), allowing us to directly examine whether L2 learners show similar or different patterns when processing the L1 and L2. We also test a group of L1 English speakers. The study focused on two topicality-related factors, subjecthood and pronominalization, that have been shown to increase the prominence of an entity in the discourse, making it more likely that an entity in subject position (subjecthood) or an entity that has been referred to with a pronoun (pronominalization) will be considered as an antecedent for a subsequent pronoun. We developed a picture verification task with visual-world eye-tracking in both English and Chinese. This task provides a measure of both pronoun interpretation and online processing. Results showed subtle differences in how subjecthood and pronominalization are weighted in English and Chinese as L1s: pronominalization played a stronger role in L1 Chinese than in L1 English both in the interpretation measure and in the eye-movement data. The results for the L2 English learners showed an interesting pattern in which their results were more similar to the L1 English results on the measure of pronoun interpretation, but were more similar to the L1 Chinese results in the eye-movement data. These results show successful use of discourse cues in L2 pronoun interpretation but differences between L1 and L2 speakers during processing. It is proposed that decreased sensitivity to morphosyntactic information that is not present in the L1 (case on pronouns) leads to differences in L2 referential processing, in line with proposals that L2 learners face challenges with integrating different kinds of linguistic information online, particularly morphosyntactic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1456178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sports vision training on visuomotor skills and shooting performance in elite skeet shooters.","authors":"Yuqiang Guo, Tinggang Yuan, Jian Peng, Liwei Deng, Chao Chen","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476649","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1476649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vision serves as a critical channel for athletes to acquire information during competitions and constitutes a vital component of their competitive ability. Through scientifically designed sports visual training, specific visual skills can be enhanced, thereby assisting athletes in achieving optimal performance in competitive settings. This study aim to explore the visuomotor abilities and shooting performance of skeet shooters through Sports Vision Training (SVT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty elite skeet shooters were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental group (EXP, <i>n</i> = 10) and a control group (CON, <i>n</i> = 10). The EXP underwent 6-week of SVT on Senaptec Seneory Station, twice a week, while the CON completed an equivalent workload of target-tracking training.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Visuomotor skills testing showed significant improvements in Near- Far Quickness, Perception Span, and Eye-hand Coordination in the EXP (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no changes in the CON. Comparative post-test results between the two groups showed significant differences in N/F Q, Target Capture, Perception Span, Eye-hand Coordination, and Go/ No Go (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In shooting performance indicators, EXP shooters showed a highly significant improvement in hit accuracy (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with a similar difference compared to the CON. Additionally, they exhibited a highly significant improvement in shotgun-mounting reaction time (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Kinematic indicators of shotgun movement during the firing process for shot 2 showed significant differences in peak velocity (<i>p</i> < 0.01), X-axis (<i>p</i> = 0.033) and Y-axis (<i>p</i> = 0.001) displacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SVT can enhance visuomotor abilities in skeet shooters and has a positive impact on their shooting technique. This is primarily manifested in shorter shotgun-mounting reaction time and improved efficiency in action at shot 2, effectively improving their shooting accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1476649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social network structure modulates neural activities underlying group norm processing: evidence from event-related potentials.","authors":"Mengfei Han, Ruoxuan Han, Xin Liu, Duo Xie, Rong Lin, Yaokun Hao, Hanxiao Ge, Yiwen Hu, Yuyang Zhu, Liu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1479899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2024.1479899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social ties play a crucial role in determining the health and wellbeing of individuals. However, it remains unclear whether the capacity to process social information distinguishes well-connected individuals from their less-connected peers. This study explored how an individual's social network structure influences the dynamic processing of group norms, utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 43 university students from the same class who participated in a social network study measuring metrics such as real-life social network size, in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality. Subsequently, 27 students participated in an EEG study assessing their willingness to engage in various exercises after being exposed to peer feedback or in its absence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that an individual's social network structure is significantly associated with the dynamic processing of group norms. Notably, well-connected individuals exhibited larger ERP amplitudes linked to feedback (e.g., N200, P300, and LPP), greater functional segregation within the brain network (e.g., local efficiency and clustering coefficient), and enhanced synchronization within frontal area and across different brain areas.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight that well-connected individuals possess enhanced sensitivity and efficiency in processing social information, pointing to potential areas for further research on the factors influencing social network evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1479899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}