Frontiers in Human Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Case report: Exploring cortico-muscular coherence during Mirror visual feedback for deafferentation pain: a proof-of-concept study.","authors":"Shiori Segawa, Michihiro Osumi","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1525680","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1525680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mirror visual feedback (MVF) has shown promise as a treatment for deafferentation pain following brachial plexus injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to assess MVF's effect on two patients with deafferentation pain by analyzing cortico-muscular coherence (CMC), a measure of functional connectivity between the brain and muscles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two patients with brachial plexus injuries performed wrist movements with and without a mirror, accompanied by electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG). CMC was calculated during each condition to determine changes in the sensorimotor network.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Patient 1, CMC increased in the beta band in the extensor carpi radialis and surrounding parietal regions during the mirror condition. In Patient 2, beta-band CMC decreased in the compensatory muscle (biceps brachii) but increased in the primary muscle (flexor carpi ulnaris) when the mirror was used. These findings suggest MVF promotes sensorimotor integration, reducing pain intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mirror visual feedback (MVF) effectively enhances CMC in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex in the beta frequency band, accompanied by pain relief in the affected limb. This suggests that CMC analysis could refine deafferentation pain rehabilitation using MVF, providing a better understanding of its neural mechanisms and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Our study underscores the potential of CMC as a valuable biomarker for monitoring and tailoring MVF interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1525680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural signal analysis in chronic stroke: advancing intracortical brain-computer interface design.","authors":"Nabila Shawki, Alessandro Napoli, Carlos E Vargas-Irwin, Christopher K Thompson, John P Donoghue, Mijail D Serruya","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1544397","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1544397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intracortical Brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) are a promising technology to restore function after stroke. It remains unclear whether iBCIs will be able to use the signals available in the neocortex overlying stroke affecting the underlying white matter and basal ganglia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we decoded both local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes recorded from intracortical electrode arrays in a person with chronic cerebral subcortical stroke performing various tasks with his paretic hand, with and without a powered orthosis. Analysis of these neural signals provides an opportunity to explore the electrophysiological activities of a stroke affected brain and inform the design of medical devices that could restore function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency domain analysis showed that as the distance between an array and the stroke site increased, the low frequency power decreased, and high frequency power increased. Coordinated cross-channel firing of action potentials while attempting a motor task and cross-channel simultaneous low frequency bursts while relaxing were also observed. Using several offline analysis techniques, we propose three features for decoding motor movements in stroke-affected brains.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite the presence of unique activities that were not reported in previous iBCI studies with intact brain functions, it is possible to decode motor intents from the neural signals collected from a subcortical stroke-affected brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1544397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11885313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contingency learning of social cues: neural engagement and emotional modulation by facial expressions.","authors":"Rahmi Saylik, Burcu Uysal, Adrian Loyd Williams, Robin A Murphy","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1527081","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1527081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contingency learning-the fundamental process by which associations are formed between events in our experience is as relevant of conditioning as it is for social interactions, where emotional cues, such as facial expressions, signal complex and reciprocal causal dynamics. This study investigates the functional neuroanatomy underlying contingency perception by with three type of contingent relation (positive, zero, and negative) using sad and happy facial expressions as stimuli in a group of neurotypical participants. Employing a streaming trial paradigm and functional MRI, we examined how these emotional contingencies engage brain regions involved in attention and predictive processing. The behavioural results indicated that participants could distinguish between different contingencies, regardless of the emotional stimuli. However, judgment ratings varied across conditions, with sad expressions eliciting weaker ratings compared to happy expressions, which moderated perceived causality, especially in the uncorrelated and negative contingency tasks. These behavioural findings were primarily linked to increased activation in frontal regions, including the inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. The results highlight the differential cognitive demands and neural responses evoked by emotional expressions and suggestive of the idea that statistical relations that violate social expectations are processed differently than positive relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1527081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: The role of code-modulated evoked potentials in next-generation brain-computer interfacing.","authors":"Víctor Martínez-Cagigal, Jordy Thielen, Roberto Hornero, Peter Desain","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1548183","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1548183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1548183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder-a narrative review.","authors":"Caitlin E Millett, Faria Monir, Pina Sanelli","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1504575","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1504575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and debilitating mental illness affecting approximately 40 million people worldwide. Cognitive impairment is a core feature of BD, impacting daily functioning and persisting even during mood stability. Cognitive deficits are among the most reliable indicators of long-term functional outcomes in BD. Despite their significance, there are currently no widely available treatments targeting cognitive impairment in BD, largely due to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. A healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for brain homeostasis, serving as a protective filter that restricts peripheral toxins, pathogens, and ions from entering the brain and disrupting neuronal function. Increased BBB permeability can allow harmful substances to infiltrate the brain, potentially leading to neuroinflammation, disrupted signaling, and damage to brain tissue, all of which may contribute to cognitive impairments in BD. Thus, BBB dysfunction could represent an upstream driver of cognitive impairment in BD, offering a potential target for disease-modifying interventions. This narrative review examined the evidence for the link between BBB permeability and cognitive deficits in BD. Our search yielded limited studies with mixed findings, highlighting the significant need for further research to explore this critical area and its potential for developing disease-modifying treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1504575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20 Hz temporal interference stimulation can more effectively enhance motor evoked potentials in the primary motor cortex.","authors":"Yajie Wang, Chunyue Zhu, Junhong Zhou, Tianli Fu, Jinlong Yan, Bangyu Wang, Jiaojiao Lü, Lingyan Huang, Yu Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1524485","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1524485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the effects of temporal interference stimulation (TI) with different envelope frequencies on the cortical excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 26 participants completed four separate study visits. During these visits, they received 20 min of three types of TI (10, 20, and 40 Hz envelope frequency) and sham stimulation applied over M1 in a randomized order. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was employed to assess motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and resting motor threshold (RMT) over the left M1 (ipsilateral area) and right M1 (contralateral area) before, immediately after, and 30 and 60 min after stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blinding efficacy was excellent, and no severe side effects were reported. TI stimulation with varying envelope frequencies affected MEP differently; 20 Hz TI stimulation enhanced the MEP of the ipsilateral M1 with after-effects appearing at 60 min, and no significant differences were observed between the 10 or 20 Hz TI stimulation with sham groups. However, no significant changes in RMT were observed under any of the TI conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>20 Hz TI stimulation increased the cortical excitability of the ipsilateral M1, highlighting that frequency is an important factor in the modulatory effect of TI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1524485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between neighborhood environment, prenatal exposure to alcohol and tobacco, and structural brain development.","authors":"Yingjing Xia, Verónica M Vieira","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1531803","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1531803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure affects child brain development. Less is known about how neighborhood environment (built, institutional, and social) may be associated with structural brain development and whether prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco may modify this relationship. The current study aimed to examine whether neighborhood environment is associated with brain volume at age 9-11, and whether prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco modifies this relationship. Baseline data from Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study was analyzed (<i>N</i> = 7,887). Neighborhood environment was characterized by 10 variables from the linked external dataset. Prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures were dichotomized based on the developmental history questionnaire. Bilateral volumes of three regions of interests (hippocampal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal) were examined as outcomes. High residential area deprivation was associated with smaller right hippocampal volume. Prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with larger volume in left parahippocampal and hippocampal regions, while prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with smaller volumes in bilateral parahippocampal, right entorhinal, and right hippocampal regions. In children without prenatal tobacco exposure, high residential area deprivation was associated with smaller right hippocampal volumes. In contrast, neighborhood environment was not significantly associated with brain volumes in children with prenatal tobacco exposure. In summary, neighborhood environment plays a role in child brain development. This relationship may differ by prenatal tobacco exposure. Future studies on prenatal tobacco exposure may need to consider how postnatal neighborhood environment interacts with the teratogenic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1531803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalographic differences between waking and sleeping periods in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness at different levels of consciousness.","authors":"Keke Li, Man Li, Wanqing Liu, Yanzhi Wu, Fang Li, Jingwei Xie, Shaolong Zhou, Sen Wang, Yongkun Guo, Jiahui Pan, Xinjun Wang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1521355","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1521355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore differences in sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in individuals with prolonged disorders of consciousness, utilizing polysomnography (PSG) to assist in distinguishing between the vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and the minimally conscious state (MCS), thereby reducing misdiagnosis rates and enhancing the quality of medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC; 27 patients in the VS/UWS and 13 in the MCS) underwent polysomnography. We analyzed differential EEG indices between VS/UWS and MCS groups and performed correlation analyses between these indices and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores. The diagnostic accuracy of the differential indices was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. The fractal dimension (Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD)) of patients in the MCS tended to be higher than that of patients in the VS/UWS across all phases, with a significant difference only in the waking phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The HFD in the waking phase was positively correlated with the CRS-R score and exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy at 88.3%. The Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) also showed higher levels in patients in the MCS compared to those in the VS/UWS, significantly so in the NREM2 phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with a positive correlation with the CRS-R score and diagnostic accuracy of 75.2%. The <i>δ</i>-band power spectral density [PSD(δ)] in the patients in the MCS was lower than that in those in the VS/UWS, significantly so in the waking phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with the CRS-R score, with diagnostic accuracy of 71.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polysomnography for the VS/UWS and MCS revealed significant differences, aiding in distinguishing between the two patient categories and reducing misdiagnosis rates. Notably, the HFD and PSD(<i>δ</i>) showed significantly better performance during wakefulness compared to sleep, while the TKEO was more prominent in the NREM2 stage. Notably, the HFD exhibited a robust correlation with the CRS-R scores, the highest diagnostic accuracy, and immense promise in the clinical diagnosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1521355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroplasticity-based novel brain stimulation support intervention options for autistic population.","authors":"Pushpal Desarkar","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1522718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1522718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), introduced in 1985, has become a vital tool for investigating brain-behaviour relationships and therapeutic interventions. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) as a therapeutic tool has shown promise for various neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism, which affects approximately 1% of the global population. Evidence suggests that atypical neuroplasticity characterizes the neurobiology of autism. Recent studies using TMS paradigms like theta-burst stimulation (TBS) indicate an excessive neuroplasticity or hyper-plasticity in the form of an excessive long-term potentiation (LTP) in the motor cortex of autistic adults compared to neurotypical controls. Hyper-plasticity may negatively impact cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Our proposed neuroplasticity-based rTMS intervention protocols aim to address motor function, sensory sensitivities, and executive function difficulties in autistic adults. We present a testable framework to evaluate neuroplasticity in the motor, sensory, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, hypothesizing the presence of hyper-plasticity in autistic adults. We anticipate that this hyper-plasticity underpins motor, sensory, and executive function difficulties in autistic adults. Additionally, we propose investigating the efficacy of bilateral rTMS to reduce hyper-plasticity and improve these functions in autistic adults. This approach not only seeks to enhance therapeutic options but also provides biological insights into the brain mechanisms underlying some of the common autism-associated difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1522718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Neural and behavioral mechanisms of social learning.","authors":"Laura A Agee, Marie-H Monfils, Abdellah Fourtassi","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566408","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"19 ","pages":"1566408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}