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Intensified Warm and Moist Arctic Coast in Summer Due To Future Sea Ice Retreat 未来海冰退缩导致夏季北极海岸暖湿增强
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl118052
Jiao Yang, Tingfeng Dou, Wei Han, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Cunde Xiao
{"title":"Intensified Warm and Moist Arctic Coast in Summer Due To Future Sea Ice Retreat","authors":"Jiao Yang, Tingfeng Dou, Wei Han, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Cunde Xiao","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118052","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing Arctic rainfall significantly impacts snow and ice processes, land runoff, and the ecological environment. However, the extent to which the rainfall increase is regionally dependent and how it responds to the large retreat of sea ice remains inadequately understood. This study quantifies the Arctic land rainfall increases attributable to sea ice loss under 2°C global warming using multi‐ensemble experiments combining all forcing with sea ice loss forcing. The findings indicate that sea ice retreat is responsible for 16% of the increase in summer Arctic land rainfall, with significant increases covering 46% of the region responses to 2°C warming. The most pronounced responses were observed along the Arctic coasts of Siberia and North America. Local warming caused by sea ice retreat contributes 68% of the rainfall increase, while the remainder results from the increase in total precipitation.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Underestimation of Historical Terrestrial Water Storage Droughts in Global Water Models 全球水模式对历史陆地储水干旱的低估
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl115164
Amar Deep Tiwari, Yadu Pokhrel, Farshid Felfelani, Ahmed Elkouk, Julien Boulange, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Vimal Mishra, Hannes Müller Schmied, Yusuke Satoh, Sebastian Ostberg, Tobias Stacke, Jiabo Yin
{"title":"Underestimation of Historical Terrestrial Water Storage Droughts in Global Water Models","authors":"Amar Deep Tiwari, Yadu Pokhrel, Farshid Felfelani, Ahmed Elkouk, Julien Boulange, Simon N. Gosling, Naota Hanasaki, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Vimal Mishra, Hannes Müller Schmied, Yusuke Satoh, Sebastian Ostberg, Tobias Stacke, Jiabo Yin","doi":"10.1029/2025gl115164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115164","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced drought modeling is crucial for realistic prediction and effective management of water resources, especially with climate change anticipated to exacerbate drought frequency and severity. Global water models (GWMs) simulate historical and future terrestrial water storage (TWS) with continuous spatial and temporal coverage. However, a global evaluation of TWS simulations by GWMs focused on drought is lacking. Here we evaluate, for the first time, GWMs' capability to represent TWS droughts by comparing simulations with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite data. We find notable underestimation of drought severity and coverage by GWMs, across diverse regions, including North America, South America, Africa, and Northern Asia. When examined without trend removal, the underestimation of TWS droughts is more pronounced in recent years (2016–2019) compared to 2002–2015, especially in northern latitudes. This underrepresentation highlights the necessity to improve GWMs to simulate TWS droughts. Our results imply that previously reported future TWS projections could have underestimated droughts.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Remarkable 2024 North Atlantic Mid‐Season Hurricane Lull 引人注目的2024年北大西洋季中飓风平静
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl116714
P. J. Klotzbach, E. Bercos‐Hickey, K. M. Wood, C. J. Schreck, M. M. Bell, E. S. Blake, S. G. Bowen, L.‐P. Caron, D. R. Chavas, J. M. Collins, E. J. Gibney, K. A. Hansen, A. T. Hazelton, J. J. Jones, M. R. Lowry, A. T. Nieves‐Jimenez, C. M. Patricola, L. G. Silvers, R. E. Truchelut, J. Uehling
{"title":"The Remarkable 2024 North Atlantic Mid‐Season Hurricane Lull","authors":"P. J. Klotzbach, E. Bercos‐Hickey, K. M. Wood, C. J. Schreck, M. M. Bell, E. S. Blake, S. G. Bowen, L.‐P. Caron, D. R. Chavas, J. M. Collins, E. J. Gibney, K. A. Hansen, A. T. Hazelton, J. J. Jones, M. R. Lowry, A. T. Nieves‐Jimenez, C. M. Patricola, L. G. Silvers, R. E. Truchelut, J. Uehling","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116714","url":null,"abstract":"The 2024 North Atlantic (hereafter Atlantic) hurricane season started quickly, with the earliest Category 5 on record (Beryl) and three hurricanes forming through 14 August. Following Ernesto's dissipation on 20 August, the Atlantic hurricane season became extremely quiet during the climatological peak of hurricane season, with only one Category 2 hurricane (Francine) and one tropical storm through 23 September. Several environmental factors likely contributed to this unexpected, prolonged lull. During mid‐to‐late August, subseasonal conditions were broadly favorable for Atlantic hurricanes, but a northward shift in African easterly wave emergence latitude yielded fewer tropical cyclone seed disturbances that also traversed unfavorably cool ocean water. During early‐to‐mid September, subseasonal variability driven by the Madden‐Julian oscillation was less conducive to hurricane activity, with several bouts of increased vertical wind shear across the central Atlantic. Throughout most of the lull, the tropical Atlantic was anomalously dry and subsident, suppressing hurricane formation chances.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Connecting Large‐Scale Atmospheric and Land Surface Patterns to New England Riverine Peak Flow Events 将大尺度大气和地表模式与新英格兰河流峰值流量事件联系起来
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl116899
L. Lawrence, Z. Armand, S. E. Muñoz
{"title":"Connecting Large‐Scale Atmospheric and Land Surface Patterns to New England Riverine Peak Flow Events","authors":"L. Lawrence, Z. Armand, S. E. Muñoz","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116899","url":null,"abstract":"Riverine flooding in the New England region of the United States of America is devastating, arises from multiple processes during any season, and lacks ties to common climate indices. Here the connection between large‐scale atmospheric patterns and surface conditions prior to and during the occurrence of riverine peak flow events in the heavily‐populated, flood‐vulnerable region of New England is explored. Understanding the mechanisms governing peak‐flows improves the near‐ and long‐term forecasts of hydroclimatic extremes as well as provides supplemental process‐level knowledge for regional water resource planning and emergency response. Through the application of self‐organizing maps, several distinct meteorological and hydrological patterns associated with river discharge events in New England are identified. Using case‐studies of major floods in July and December of 2023, we demonstrate that this methodology provides a mechanistic foundation for understanding the drivers of New England floods and how they might change in a future climate.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dike Swarms in the Oceanic Lithosphere Beneath the Ontong Java Plateau 在Ontong爪哇高原下的海洋岩石圈堤防群
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl115219
Azusa Shito, Daisuke Suetsugu, Akira Ishikawa, Masako Yoshikawa, Takehi Isse, Hajime Shiobara, Hiroko Sugioka, Aki Ito, Yasushi Ishihara, Satoru Tanaka, Masayuki Obayashi, Takashi Tonegawa, Junko Yoshimitsu
{"title":"Dike Swarms in the Oceanic Lithosphere Beneath the Ontong Java Plateau","authors":"Azusa Shito, Daisuke Suetsugu, Akira Ishikawa, Masako Yoshikawa, Takehi Isse, Hajime Shiobara, Hiroko Sugioka, Aki Ito, Yasushi Ishihara, Satoru Tanaka, Masayuki Obayashi, Takashi Tonegawa, Junko Yoshimitsu","doi":"10.1029/2025gl115219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115219","url":null,"abstract":"The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is believed to have formed through large‐scale Cretaceous volcanism, but the impact of the massive volcanism on the lithosphere remains largely unknown. In this study, the ascent process of the thermochemical plume and its impact on the physicochemical properties of the pre‐existing lithosphere were explored. High‐frequency seismic wave analysis revealed that the internal structure of the lithosphere beneath the OJP is a hybrid structure comprising dike swarms that are superimposed on the laminar structure. Moreover, the lithosphere exhibits lower seismic wave velocities than normal oceanic lithosphere, suggesting that the lithospheric mantle was physicochemically altered by the intrusion of dike swarms filled with magma from a large‐scale thermochemical plume. Our results advance the current understanding of the alterations in the lithosphere caused by a thermochemical plume.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability Detection at the Ionospheric E Region Electron Density 电离层E区电子密度的直接开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性探测
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl116932
Junyi Wang, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Feng Ding, Xu Zhou, Jorge L. Chau, David C. Fritts, Juha Vierinen, Alan Z. Liu
{"title":"Direct Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability Detection at the Ionospheric E Region Electron Density","authors":"Junyi Wang, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Feng Ding, Xu Zhou, Jorge L. Chau, David C. Fritts, Juha Vierinen, Alan Z. Liu","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116932","url":null,"abstract":"New high‐resolution measurements by Sanya incoherent scatter radar (ISR) employing a wide‐bandwidth chirp signal now enable spatiotemporal resolutions of 37.5 m and 50 s. We have applied these new capabilities for observations of Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) dynamics in the low‐latitude ionosphere E region. The KHI evolution exhibited ∼±150 m oscillations in altitude, billows “periods” of ∼3–8 min due to horizontal advection, and 1–3 km vertical extents in the sporadic E layers, consistent with the classic understanding of KHI at these altitudes. Our results confirm the quasi‐period character of KHI and first reveal the KHI modulates the plasma layers by horizontal advection in direct observation. They also demonstrate the benefits of improved spatiotemporal resolutions for more general studies of the low‐latitude E region ionosphere.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accretion and Differentiation of Vesta and the Mesosiderite Parent Body Inferred From Ni Stable Isotope Compositions 从Ni稳定同位素组成推断灶神岩与中黄铁矿母体的吸积与分异
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl115703
Ke Zhu, Makiko K. Haba, Qi Chen, Lu Chen
{"title":"Accretion and Differentiation of Vesta and the Mesosiderite Parent Body Inferred From Ni Stable Isotope Compositions","authors":"Ke Zhu, Makiko K. Haba, Qi Chen, Lu Chen","doi":"10.1029/2025gl115703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115703","url":null,"abstract":"We present high‐precision Ni stable isotope data for mesosiderites, eucrites, and diogenites to investigate the accretion and differentiation of asteroid 4 Vesta. Ni isotope variations in eucrites and diogenites are dominated by kinetic diffusion and chondritic contamination, rendering them unsuitable for reconstructing Vesta's primitive Ni composition. In contrast, mesosiderites yield an average δ<jats:sup>60/58</jats:sup>Ni value of 0.119 ± 0.044‰ (2SE), representing the bulk and core Ni isotopic signature of Vesta or the mesosiderite parent body. This value is Earth‐like but distinct from those of chondrites, iron meteorites, and ureilites, suggesting diverse precursor materials and Ni isotope heterogeneity in the early Solar System. Results from pMELTS modeling and the olivine‐rich sample MIL 07001 support magma ocean crystallization as a key evolutionary stage on Vesta. Anomalously high δ<jats:sup>60/58</jats:sup>Ni in the impact‐melt diogenite NWA 5480 likely reflects evaporation, highlighting a possible new application of Ni isotopes as tracers of planetary volatile loss.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping Geothermal Fluids Using Seismic Absorption and Scattering: A Case Study From Aluto Volcano 利用地震吸收和散射测绘地热流体：以阿卢托火山为例
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl115364
Tesfahiwet Yemane, John Michael Kendall, Simona Gabrielli, Luca De Siena
{"title":"Mapping Geothermal Fluids Using Seismic Absorption and Scattering: A Case Study From Aluto Volcano","authors":"Tesfahiwet Yemane, John Michael Kendall, Simona Gabrielli, Luca De Siena","doi":"10.1029/2025gl115364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115364","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic attenuation tomography is used to map fluids and fractures beneath the Aluto volcano geothermal field of the Main Ethiopian Rift. We present 3D models of peak delay () and inverse coda quality factor () which are proxies for seismic scattering and absorption. High anomalies are observed near productive geothermal wells with high‐temperature gradients and in areas of hydrothermal activity. High scattering attenuation anomalies are spatially associated with faults and fractures that serve as pathways for fluid flow. These variations correlate well with production variations in boreholes across the geothermal field. Furthermore, a prominent high‐scattering (low‐absorption) anomaly is observed at a depth of approximately 0–3 km below sea level (bsl) beneath Aluto, which is interpreted as the signature of an intrusive igneous body. Together, these methods for measuring seismic attenuation serve as valuable tools in geothermal exploration, offering constraints on fluid distribution, as well as structural and lithological variations.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whistler Chorus Amplification in the Magnetosphere: The Nonlinear Free‐Electron Laser Model and the Ginzburg‐Landau Equation 磁层中的哨声合唱放大：非线性自由电子激光模型和金兹堡-朗道方程
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl117547
Brandon Bonham, Amitava Bhattacharjee
{"title":"Whistler Chorus Amplification in the Magnetosphere: The Nonlinear Free‐Electron Laser Model and the Ginzburg‐Landau Equation","authors":"Brandon Bonham, Amitava Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1029/2025gl117547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl117547","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel nonlinear model for whistler‐mode chorus amplification based on the free‐electron laser (FEL) mechanism. First, we derive the nonlinear collective variable equations for the whistler‐electron interaction. Consistent with in situ satellite observations, these equations predict that a small seed wave can undergo exponential growth, reaching a peak of a few hundred picoteslas after a few milliseconds, followed by millisecond timescale amplitude modulations. Next, we show that when one accounts for multiple wave frequencies and wave spatial variations, the amplitude and phase of the whistler wave can be described by the Ginzburg‐Landau equation (GLE), providing a framework for the investigation of solitary wave behavior of chorus modes. These findings enhance our understanding of wave‐particle interactions and space weather in the Van Allen radiation belts, deepen the connection between whistler‐electron dynamics and FELs, and reveal a novel connection between whistler‐mode chorus and the GLE.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Limited Role of Italy's Large Reservoirs in Flood Mitigation on a National Scale 意大利大型水库在全国范围内的防洪作用有限
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl115861
S. Cipollini, I. Pomarico, E. Volpi, A. Fiori
{"title":"Limited Role of Italy's Large Reservoirs in Flood Mitigation on a National Scale","authors":"S. Cipollini, I. Pomarico, E. Volpi, A. Fiori","doi":"10.1029/2025gl115861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115861","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, floods have been the most frequent and impactful disasters worldwide with Italy being particularly affected in Europe, especially under climate change scenarios. Artificial reservoirs, of which Italy has a significant number, may offer a promising solution to cope with increasing floods, especially by retrofitting existing dams. However, our study of 448 large Italian reservoirs shows a limited flood peak attenuation of 5 per cent at the national level, which decreases to a 1.2 per cent reduction in the potentially affected population, with only slight improvements by increasing their flood reduction capacity. In particular, we found that the location and mutual spatial configuration of reservoirs across Italy limit their overall effectiveness, suggesting that retrofitting existing dams may be an ineffective and costly strategy for significantly reducing flooding.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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