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Multidecadal Changes in Atmospheric Dryness Over East Asia Dominated by Internal Climate Variability 内部气候变率主导的东亚大气干燥的多年代际变化
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL125508
Xi Wang, Wenjian Hua, Aiguo Dai, Lu Zhou, Minhua Qin, Haishan Chen
{"title":"Multidecadal Changes in Atmospheric Dryness Over East Asia Dominated by Internal Climate Variability","authors":"Xi Wang,&nbsp;Wenjian Hua,&nbsp;Aiguo Dai,&nbsp;Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Minhua Qin,&nbsp;Haishan Chen","doi":"10.1029/2026GL125508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL125508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Summer near-surface vapor pressure deficit (VPD), a key measure of atmospheric dryness, has increased markedly across East Asia since 1980, yet the relative roles of external forcing and internal variability (IV) in its multidecadal changes remain unclear. Here we show that IV dominates East Asian VPD variability during 1901–2024, accounting for about 81% of the total variance and largely explaining the recent drying over northern China. We identify the Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) as a key oceanic driver of this variability. A positive IOBM phase triggers a Pacific–Japan pattern-like teleconnection, enhances subsidence and warming over East Asia and suppresses moisture transport into northern China, thereby increasing VPD. Indian Ocean pacemaker experiments capture the main circulation and warming responses, supporting this mechanism. Together, these results provide robust evidence that tropical Indian Ocean–driven IV has played a decisive role in recent atmospheric drying over East Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL125508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Term Increase in Equatorial Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: Synergistic Effects of Greenhouse Gas Cooling and Geomagnetic Field Secular Variation 赤道瑞利-泰勒不稳定性的长期增加：温室气体冷却和地磁场长期变化的协同效应
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL124993
Liying Qian, Chih-Ting Hsu, Wenbin Wang, Shun-Rong Zhang, Joseph McInerney
{"title":"Long-Term Increase in Equatorial Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: Synergistic Effects of Greenhouse Gas Cooling and Geomagnetic Field Secular Variation","authors":"Liying Qian,&nbsp;Chih-Ting Hsu,&nbsp;Wenbin Wang,&nbsp;Shun-Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Joseph McInerney","doi":"10.1029/2026GL124993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL124993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are ionospheric irregularities generated by Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) that disrupt satellite communications. We quantify secular change of RTI growth rates and isolate underlying drivers using WACCM-X simulations. Results reveal a significant increase in RTI growth rates at plasma bubble initiation altitudes, with greenhouse gas cooling as the dominant driver and geomagnetic field secular variation modulating trends by longitude. We identify reduced recombination damping, often overlooked, as a major contributor. In the American/western sector, magnetic field secular variation produces localized decreases in RTI growth rates for magnetic field lines with apex altitudes of ∼250–320 km but predominantly enhances RTI growth rates for field lines with higher apex altitudes. Note that EPBs are initiated at the bottom F2 region, regardless of apex altitudes of field lines. Overall, the equatorial ionosphere is becoming more susceptible to RTI and plasma bubble development through stronger forcing and weaker damping.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL124993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Evidence for Strongly Enhanced Northern Hemisphere Cooling From Extratropical Versus Tropical Eruptions 没有证据表明温带火山喷发与热带火山喷发会强烈增强北半球的降温
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL122071
Zachary McGraw, Benjamin O. Goldman, Lorenzo M. Polvani
{"title":"No Evidence for Strongly Enhanced Northern Hemisphere Cooling From Extratropical Versus Tropical Eruptions","authors":"Zachary McGraw,&nbsp;Benjamin O. Goldman,&nbsp;Lorenzo M. Polvani","doi":"10.1029/2026GL122071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL122071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics have been reported to produce several times greater cooling in that region than tropical eruptions of similar magnitude. Using a large ensemble of simulations spanning the eruption size range from 5 to 40 Tg of stratospheric sulfur, we find that the extratropical-to-tropical cooling ratio is consistently within a factor of two, indicating no enhancement beyond the effect of aerosols being confined to a single hemisphere. We further show that paleoclimate evidence suggests similarly unexceptional cooling, and also reconcile why earlier analyses yielded unreliable estimates. Moreover, owing to their rarity, we argue that extratropical eruptions exert a smaller overall influence on Northern Hemisphere extratropical temperatures than tropical eruptions. These findings question the notion that extratropical eruptions are of outsized importance for the climate of the Northern Hemisphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL122071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observation of Daily Flood Hazard During the SWOT Cal/Val Orbit SWOT Cal/Val轨道日洪水灾害观测
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL124074
Yukina Hara, Dai Yamazaki, Megumi Watanabe, Colin J. Gleason, Shinjiro Kanae
{"title":"Observation of Daily Flood Hazard During the SWOT Cal/Val Orbit","authors":"Yukina Hara,&nbsp;Dai Yamazaki,&nbsp;Megumi Watanabe,&nbsp;Colin J. Gleason,&nbsp;Shinjiro Kanae","doi":"10.1029/2026GL124074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL124074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flood peaks can develop and recede within a day, making them difficult to capture with satellites with multi-day revisit intervals. Here, we exploit daily observations during the Calibration and Validation phase of the SWOT mission to examine a short-lived flood in May 2023 along the Du Gouffre River in Canada. Despite channel widths below 100 m, SWOT tracked day-to-day changes in water surface elevation, capturing a rapid rise of approximately 5 m consistent in timing and magnitude with in situ measurements. We derived flood extent based on classification and confidence information. The results show partial spatial overlap with an independent post-event flood hazard map, with differences primarily associated with reduced classification confidence in vegetated floodplains and narrow reaches. Some areas not identified as water may reflect erosion, sediment deposition, or post-peak conditions. These results highlight the value of high-frequency wide-swath radar altimetry for monitoring transient floods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL124074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assimilation of 5G Base Station Networks as Ultra‐Dense Atmospheric Sensors for Advancing Heavy Rainfall Prediction 5G基站网络同化作为超密集大气传感器用于推进强降雨预报
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026gl124477
Jian Yin,Xiefei Zhi,Danni Huang,Chunqing Shang,Hong Liang,Kezuan Wang
{"title":"Assimilation of 5G Base Station Networks as Ultra‐Dense Atmospheric Sensors for Advancing Heavy Rainfall Prediction","authors":"Jian Yin,Xiefei Zhi,Danni Huang,Chunqing Shang,Hong Liang,Kezuan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2026gl124477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl124477","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The zenith total delay (ZTD) retrieved from 5G communication base stations represents a novel observation source for numerical weather prediction (NWP), leveraging the extensive global deployment of 5G infrastructure. In this study, the direct assimilation of 5G‐ZTD observations into a high‐resolution NWP system was accomplished for the first time. Two precipitation events were selected to evaluate the impact of 5G‐ZTD assimilation on short‐term precipitation forecasting. Assimilating 5G‐ZTD data corrected the dry bias in the initial water vapor field and improved precipitation forecasts in both cases, demonstrating its practical utility for short‐term heavy rainfall forecasts and operational potential given its low cost and extensive coverage.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Superpiles: The Impact of Mantle Temperature on Large Low Velocity Provinces 叠桩：地幔温度对大低速道的影响
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL126324
Heidi N. Krauss, Allen K. McNamara
{"title":"Superpiles: The Impact of Mantle Temperature on Large Low Velocity Provinces","authors":"Heidi N. Krauss,&nbsp;Allen K. McNamara","doi":"10.1029/2026GL126324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL126324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the most prevalent features in Earth's deep mantle are the Large Low Velocity Provinces (LLVPs), hypothesized to be hotter and compositionally distinct from the surrounding mantle. LLVPs have previously been viewed as either active superplumes rising through the mantle or passive piles shaped by large scale convection. Recent tomography models suggest LLVPs may exhibit a plume-shaped morphology. Geodynamic experiments offer insights into the formation, characteristics, and evolution of mantle structures. This study shows LLVPs can form passive piles with a plume-shaped morphology when the initial condition has a hot isothermal profile and small intrinsic density differences. The background mantle temperature, in addition to the intrinsic density, plays a critical role in determining LLVP morphology. These findings suggest the observed plume-like shapes of LLVPs in recent tomography models can be explained by either superplumes or passive piles with plume-shaped morphologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL126324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Convective Amplification of Ionospheric Feedback by a Finite‐Duration Inertial Alfvén‐Wave Source 有限持续时间惯性alfvsamn -波源对电离层反馈的对流放大
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026gl124490
R. Rankin,W. Wang,Q.‐G. Zong
{"title":"Convective Amplification of Ionospheric Feedback by a Finite‐Duration Inertial Alfvén‐Wave Source","authors":"R. Rankin,W. Wang,Q.‐G. Zong","doi":"10.1029/2026gl124490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl124490","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigate the ionospheric feedback instability (IFI) driven by a finite‐duration localized source of inertial Alfvén waves. Wave‐excited conductance perturbations undergo Pedersen mobility drift in the convection and wave electric fields and are amplified. A causal Green's‐function formulation is derived for a height‐integrated ionospheric sheet coupled to an inertial Alfvén cavity with upper‐boundary reflection. For a finite‐width source, temporal growth becomes convective amplification. The relative phase slip between the returning wave and conductance perturbation provides an a posteriori coherence timescale for evaluating the finite‐source gain. The gain is controlled by time‐integrated feedback drive minus upper‐boundary leakage and ionospheric relaxation. The complex root of the closed dispersion relation determines the wave frequency, growth rate, and packet speed. In one example, the peak field‐aligned current is several times the forced‐only value. Observability depends on phase coherence, losses, transverse escape, and instrumental sampling.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Position of the Lhasa Terrane and Two-Stage Crustal Shortening During the India–Asia Collision 印度-亚洲碰撞期间拉萨地体位置与两期地壳缩短
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL124529
Zhenhua Jia, Pan Zhao, Yifei Hou, Yue Liu, Siyuan Li, Jiahui Ma, Chenglong Deng
{"title":"Position of the Lhasa Terrane and Two-Stage Crustal Shortening During the India–Asia Collision","authors":"Zhenhua Jia,&nbsp;Pan Zhao,&nbsp;Yifei Hou,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Siyuan Li,&nbsp;Jiahui Ma,&nbsp;Chenglong Deng","doi":"10.1029/2026GL124529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL124529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paleolatitudinal change of the Lhasa Terrane is critical for estimating the timing of the India–Asia collision and associated syn-to post-collisional crustal shortening, but its paleoposition is highly debated. Here we present integrated geochronologic and paleomagnetic results from the Lower Eocene Nianbo Formation in the Linzhou Basin. Two SIMS U−Pb zircon ages of 54.59 ± 0.68 Ma and 53.97 ± 0.43 Ma were obtained from the strata. The magnetostratigraphy spans chrons C24r–C23r, estimating deposition from ∼55.37 to ∼52.54 Ma. Paleomagnetic data yield a paleopole of 74.1°N, 270.1°E (<i>A</i><sub>95</sub> = 2.2°) for the Lhasa Terrane, corresponding to a paleolatitude of 14.1 ± 2.2°N. Synthesis of published paleomagnetic data reveals that the Lhasa Terrane migrated from ∼10°N (Late Cretaceous) to ∼14°N (Early Eocene), and reached ∼20°N at ∼50 Ma. This two-stage latitudinal shift implies two-stage crustal shortening, which might relate to the Tethyan Himalaya–Lhasa collision and the India–Asia collision, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL124529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating Postseismic Creep in the Laboratory: Testing Dislocation-Based Models for Transient Creep in the Upper Mantle 在实验室研究地震后蠕变：测试基于位错的上地幔瞬态蠕变模型
IF 5 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026GL124424
D. Hein, L. N. Hansen, A. Dillman
{"title":"Investigating Postseismic Creep in the Laboratory: Testing Dislocation-Based Models for Transient Creep in the Upper Mantle","authors":"D. Hein,&nbsp;L. N. Hansen,&nbsp;A. Dillman","doi":"10.1029/2026GL124424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL124424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of postseismic creep often infer a strong reduction in upper-mantle viscosity after large earthquakes, yet the microphysical mechanism responsible for this behavior remains subject of debate. Here, we present new gas-medium apparatus experiments at 1100–1200°C on pre-dried, annealed Åheim dunite (grain size of 400 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${upmu }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m) designed to elucidate the microphysical mechanism of transient dislocation creep during postseismic relaxation. We demonstrate that the transient mechanical behavior of dunite matches well with predictions of an intragranular model that involves the evolution of dislocation density and long-range interactions among dislocations. Extrapolation to upper-mantle conditions illustrates that this model can also explain the 1–2 orders of magnitude reduction in upper-mantle viscosity that is inferred from studies of postseismic creep. We highlight opportunities to refine both intra- and intergranular models of transient dislocation creep.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL124424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quasi‐Homologous Solar Flares and Impacts on Thermospheric Density and Satellite Orbital Drag 准同源太阳耀斑及其对热层密度和卫星轨道阻力的影响
IF 5.2 1区 地球科学
Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2026-10-14 DOI: 10.1029/2026gl125768
S. Tulasi Ram,Princy K. Dubey,S. Mondal,Denny M. Oliveira,Jayashree Bulusu,Chinmaya Nayak,D. Rout,Anil Raghav,A. P. Dimri
{"title":"Quasi‐Homologous Solar Flares and Impacts on Thermospheric Density and Satellite Orbital Drag","authors":"S. Tulasi Ram,Princy K. Dubey,S. Mondal,Denny M. Oliveira,Jayashree Bulusu,Chinmaya Nayak,D. Rout,Anil Raghav,A. P. Dimri","doi":"10.1029/2026gl125768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl125768","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quasi‐Homologous Flaring (QHF) activity from active regions on the Sun releases intense electromagnetic radiation in recurrent bursts over extended periods. In this letter, we present the effects of recurrent impulsive extreme ultraviolet (EUV) heating on thermospheric neutral density and the resulting atmospheric drag on satellites based on Swarm‐A measurements. Significant density enhancements up to 25%–30% and 50%–75% sustained for a few days, on both day and night sides, were observed at ∼460 km altitudes during QHF from AR4366 (February 2026) and AR3664 (May 2024), respectively. As a result, Swarm‐A orbital decay rate is increased from 79.43 to 96.28 m/day, and from 19.91 to 42.43 m/day during the AR4366 and AR3664 QHF events, respectively. Repeated EUV heating at intervals shorter than the typical thermospheric relaxation time during QHF flares is responsible for sustained density enhancements and therefore needs to be considered one of the important drivers of satellite drag.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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