Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"The impact of summer Yangtze river runoff fluctuations on estuarine fronts dynamics and zooplankton communities from 2016 to 2023","authors":"Yepeng Xu, Fangping Cheng, Xiao Ma, Ming Mao, Yuanli Zhu, Zhibing Jiang, Ziting Zheng, Jiangning Zeng, Lu Shou, Feng Zhou, Ping Du","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1556561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1556561","url":null,"abstract":"Estuarine fronts, which arise from the convergence of distinct water masses, exhibit considerable spatial and temporal variability and play a crucial role in shaping ecological dynamics within estuarine ecosystems. Despite their importance, due to limited data, there’s inefficiency understanding on how biological communities, particularly zooplankton, respond to these dynamic environmental features. The Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), a transitional zone between the Yangtze River and the East China Sea, is an ideal place in which to study the response of zooplankton communities to estuarine fronts, as freshwater discharge, offshore waters, and the Taiwan Warm Current converge here and form sediment and plume fronts in summer. We investigate zooplankton communities and environmental variables including temperature, salinity, turbidity, and Chlorophyll <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> (Chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) in the YRE during summer from 2016 to 2023, and examine the differences in spatial distribution of estuarine fronts and zooplankton community and the dominant environmental factors controlling zooplankton variation in different runoff years. Our findings found that the sediment fronts appeared around 122.5°E except in drought years (2022 and 2023); the plume fronts extended to 123.5°E and beyond during wet years (2016, 2020 and 2021), while shrank within 123°E in drought years. The zooplankton communities were classified into low-salinity, moderate-salinity, and high-salinity groups spatially in most years, but the low-salinity group had not been detected in the extreme drought year 2022. During flood years, low-salinity nearshore species such as <jats:italic>Oithona brevicornis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Centropages dorsispinatus</jats:italic> and Cladocera exhibited a notable increase in dominance, while the drought favored euryhaline species like <jats:italic>Microsetella rosea</jats:italic>. Furthermore, the turbidity, salinity and temperature all played significant roles in zooplankton spatial variation in wet years, while only salinity played as an important factor in drought years. These results implied the prominent sediment fronts and extended plume fronts in wet years shaped the zooplankton spatial variation collectively; in contrast, sediment fronts disappeared during drought years, and the plume fronts played a crucial role in shaping the zooplankton spatial variation. Besides, the extremely low runoff in 2022 has been shown to lead to obvious changes in zooplankton communities, which might affect fisheries stocks and require concern.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of total dissolved gas supersaturation stress on passage performance of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in vertical slot fishway","authors":"Minne Li, Yadong Ou, Jialin Liao, Haoran Shi, Bo Zhu, Xintong Li, Quan Yuan, Xin Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1549115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1549115","url":null,"abstract":"Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) due to flood or hydropower station discharge adversely affects the swimming performance of migratory fish, thereby reducing passage efficiency. This study assessed the swimming performance of bighead carp in an experimental vertical slot fishway under varied slot flow velocities of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 m/s after 2 h of exposure to different levels of TDGS water. The results demonstrated that increased TDGS levels and flow velocities significantly reduced the fish passage efficiency. Specifically, passage success rates reached 61%, 48%, 37%, and 37% at TDGS levels of 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130% respectively, at a flow velocity of 0.2 m/s. At flow velocities of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 m/s with 100% TDGS water, success rates were 61%, 53%, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, increased TDGS levels and increased flow velocities notably extended the passage time in the fishway. Both TDGS levels and fishway flow velocities significantly influenced the swimming trajectories of the fish. Preferences for flow velocities were notably affected by the TDGS levels, whereas preferences for turbulent kinetic energy were affected by both the TDGS levels and the velocities of the fishway flow. In this study, an evaluation method was developed to assess the adverse effects of TDGS on fish passage efficiency based on the following critical parameters: passage success rate, time, trajectory, and preferred hydraulic factor. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing operations and fishway management to enhance fish protection.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s role in global marine conservation: opportunities and challenges in implementing ABMTs in ABNJ under the BBNJ Agreement","authors":"Xiaojing Miao, Li Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1573699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1573699","url":null,"abstract":"Area-based management tools (ABMTs) are crucial for conserving marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). The BBNJ Agreement establishes a global framework for the protection of critical ocean areas through implementing ABMTs. While this agreement provides a global framework, its success relies on individual states’ participation and dedication. China has signed the BBNJ Agreement, recognizing the essential role of this global framework in coordinating international efforts to implement ABMTs. This article argues that China possesses capabilities to advance ABMTs in ABNJ, drawing from its established national policies, institutional framework, international collaboration, and extensive experience managing domestic marine protected areas (MPAs). However, to reinforce its contribution to global marine conservation, China needs to overcome key challenges. These include enhancing domestic legislation to better align with BBNJ Agreement, and building expertise in implementing ABMTs in ABNJ.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SwinCNet leveraging Swin Transformer V2 and CNN for precise color correction and detail enhancement in underwater image restoration","authors":"Chun Yang, Liwei Shao, Yi Deng, Jiahang Wang, Hexiang Zhai","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1523729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1523729","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater image restoration confronts three major challenges: color distortion, contrast degradation, and detail blurring caused by light absorption and scattering. Current methods face difficulties in effectively balancing local detail preservation with global information integration. This study proposes SwinCNet, an innovative deep learning architecture that incorporates an enhanced Swin Transformer V2 following primary convolutional layers to achieve synergistic processing of local details and global dependencies. The architecture introduces two novel components: a dual-path feature extraction strategy and an adaptive feature fusion mechanism. These components work in tandem to preserve local structural information while strengthening cross-regional feature correlations during the encoding phase and enable precise multi-scale feature integration during decoding. Experimental results on the EUVP dataset demonstrate that SwinCNet achieves PSNR values of 24.1075 dB and 28.1944 dB on the EUVP-UI and EUVP-UD subsets, respectively. Furthermore, the model demonstrates competitive performance in reference-free evaluation metrics compared to existing methods while processing 512×512 resolution images in merely 30.32 ms—a significant efficiency improvement over conventional approaches, confirming its practical applicability in real-world underwater scenarios.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of drag coefficient and length scale of wind influence on tropical cyclone intensity change using net energy gain rate","authors":"Sunghun Kim, Woojeong Lee, Seonghee Won, Hyoun-Woo Kang, Kyeong Ok Kim, Sok Kuh Kang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1536014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1536014","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting tropical cyclones (TC) rapid intensification (RI) is one of the most significant challenges. This study refines the Net Energy Gain Rate (NGR) metric to improve TC intensity predictions, focusing on uncertainties in the drag coefficient (<jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub></jats:italic>​) at extreme wind speeds and the effective length scale of TC-induced momentum transfer to the ocean (<jats:italic>R<jats:sub>w</jats:sub></jats:italic>). Using data from the western North Pacific basin (2004–2021), we conducted sensitivity analyses with four <jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub></jats:italic> parameterizations (increasing, decreasing, constant, and control) and varied <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>w</jats:sub>​</jats:italic> from 0.5 to 4 times the radius of maximum wind (<jats:italic>R<jats:sub>max</jats:sub></jats:italic>​). Results indicate that <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>w</jats:sub></jats:italic>​=1<jats:italic>R<jats:sub>max</jats:sub></jats:italic>​ consistently yields the highest correlation coefficient between NGR and intensity change in 24-hour among all combinations, especially for strong TCs (Category 3 or higher). Among the <jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub></jats:italic> parameterizations, the scenario where <jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub></jats:italic> decreases at wind speeds exceeding 50 m s<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> showed superior performance in capturing intensity changes. Multi-linear regression models incorporating NGR, prior 12-hour intensity changes, and vertical wind shear confirmed that decreasing <jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub></jats:italic> at <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>w</jats:sub></jats:italic>=1<jats:italic>R<jats:sub>max</jats:sub></jats:italic>​ provides the most reliable predictions, achieving the highest prediction performance in the TC intensity change in 24-hour. These findings underscore the importance of accurately representing <jats:italic>C<jats:sub>d</jats:sub>​</jats:italic> behavior under extreme wind conditions and precisely defining <jats:italic>R<jats:sub>w</jats:sub></jats:italic>​ to enhance the predictive skill of NGR-based TC intensity forecasts.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of species identification techniques for anguillid eels using species-specific genetic markers","authors":"Eun Soo Noh, Chun Mae Dong, Hee Jeong Park, Eun Mi Kim, Hyo Sun Jung, Hee Jeong Kong, Young Ok Kim","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1518562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1518562","url":null,"abstract":"The decline in eel resources, coupled with the challenges of morphological identification and the rise of illegal trade, highlights the urgent need for accurate species identification techniques. To address this, a multiplex PCR assay was developed, targeting the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene. Species-specific primers were designed and their efficacy validated through single PCR. The multiplex PCR conditions were then optimized to enable the simultaneous amplification of five major eel species. This assay exhibited high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, successfully identifying all five species even when DNA concentrations were low. This multiplex PCR assay offers a rapid and cost-effective solution for eel species identification, with the potential to significantly bolster eel conservation efforts. By enabling accurate species identification, it can help combat illegal trade and support the sustainable management of eel resources.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape configuration in seagrass meadows and its influence on carbon stock in reef lagoon systems","authors":"Jorge Alfredo Herrera-Silveira, Erika Betzabeth Palafox-Juárez, Juan Enrique Mendoza-Martínez, Jorge Luis Montero Muñoz, Claudia Teutli Hernández","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1320194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1320194","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrass meadows play a crucial role due to their ability to store carbon, mitigate the effects of climate change, and provide important ecosystem services such as coastal protection and water quality improvement. It has been observed that their carbon storage capacity varies depending on factors such as leaf structure, substrate type, depth, hydrodynamics, and spatial configuration. To assess the relationship between the landscape configuration of seagrass meadows and carbon storage, ten reef lagoons from the northern and southern regions of the Veracruz Reef System National Park were analyzed. Vegetation and soil data were collected from 513 sampling sites, and biomass organic carbon (BOC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) samples were taken at 153 of these sites, down to a depth of 25 cm. Through a supervised classification of WorldView2 satellite imagery, landscape maps were generated, and their composition and configuration were analyzed using 13 landscape metrics. A Generalized Additive Model fitted to distance-based redundancy analysis, was then applied to identify the relationship between landscape configuration and carbon storage (SOC<jats:sub>5cm</jats:sub>). Three types of seagrass meadows were identified: low density on rock, medium density on sand and rock, and high density on sand. Significant differences were observed in both carbon concentration and landscape configuration. High-density meadows exhibited the highest carbon concentrations in both biomass and soil (SOC<jats:sub>25cm</jats:sub>), while low-density meadows on rock recorded the lowest concentrations. The results showed that in the northern region, landscapes were more fragmented and had lower carbon storage capacity, whereas in the southern region, more cohesive and connected seagrass meadows stored greater amounts of carbon. Landscape metrics such as mean patch size and aggregation index were correlated with SOC<jats:sub>5cm</jats:sub> variations in southern landscapes, while edge density was the most influential metric in the north. The findings indicated that more fragmented landscapes with higher edge density exhibited lower carbon storage capacity, likely due to greater exposure to erosive processes. In contrast, more connected and cohesive landscapes, particularly in regions less affected by human activities, retained larger amounts of carbon in both biomass and soil. These findings highlight the importance of landscape configuration in the carbon storage capacity of seagrass meadows and emphasize the need to conserve their structural integrity to maximize their potential as carbon sinks and other ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"11 suppl_1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers of the unknown: the value chain of meat and fish maw of acoupa weakfish from Amazon continental shelf","authors":"Hanna Moura, Zélia Nunes, Gabriela Sarmento, Larissa Pinheiro, Adriana Carvalho, Francisco Santos, Diego Trindade, Wagner Santos, Bianca Bentes","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1549269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1549269","url":null,"abstract":"Acoupa weakfish is one of the most commonly caught species in large-scale artisanal fishing on the Amazon Continental Shelf. In addition to its meat, the swim bladder (fish maw) has high commercial value in the Asian market. This study aimed to analyze the value chain of the acoupa weakfish and its relationship with the national and international markets, as well as the socioeconomic impacts on the stakeholders involved in fishing. Interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted between 2023 and 2024 in the municipalities of Belém, Vigia, and Bragança, in the state of Pará. A value chain was described, including producers, distributors, processors, retailers, and consumers of both the meat and the swim bladder. A total of 45 representatives from all categories were interviewed. The fishing of acoupa weakfish is carried out by artisanal vessels that use urn with ice or refrigerated chambers for fish storage. The average production per trip is 2.3 tons on boats with ice urns and 29 tons on boats with cold storage. The value chain for the meat is long and complex, with exports to both national and international markets, while the value chain for the swim bladder is shorter, and this byproduct is exported to the Asian market. The value chain shows that swim bladder processors achieve the highest revenues (USD 33 million), while producers generate the most jobs (N = 850). Acoupa weakfish fishing faces challenges due to the lack of regulation and effective tracking. The absence of the General Fishing Registry mainly hinders the monitoring and legality of the fish maw trade. Measures such as tracking and more effective penalties are essential to strengthen the value chain.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the impact of green finance on China’s ocean economic growth under the “dual carbon” goal","authors":"Yan Li, Yi Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1552567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1552567","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionWith the introduction of the strategy of a strong marine power and the “dual-carbon” goal, green, low-carbon and sustainable development has become an important requirement for the growth of the Ocean Economy. Green finance is a financial activity that promotes environmental improvement, climate change response and efficient resource utilization. The “dual-carbon” goal is a major national strategy proposed by the Chinese Government in 2020 to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, which is a two-stage carbon emission reduction strategic goal proposed by the Chinese Government. China is committed to achieving carbon peaking by 2030, i.e., no further growth in carbon dioxide emissions after peaking, and carbon neutrality by 2060, i.e., offsetting its own carbon dioxide emissions through afforestation, energy conservation and emission reduction. This goal is not only an important initiative for China to address climate change, but also has a profound impact on global climate governance. Through the support of green finance, China is promoting the green transformation and sustainable development of its ocean economy while realizing the “dual carbon” goal. As one of the world’s largest ocean economies, with more than 18,000 kilometers of coastline and an ocean GDP that accounts for 7.8% of the country’s GDP, the development of the ocean economy has a significant impact on the sustainable use of global ocean resources. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for this paper to explore the impact of green finance on China’s ocean economy growth under the “dual-carbon” goal based on the data of China’s coastal provinces and cities from 2008 to 2022.MethodsThis paper constructs green finance index comprehensive evaluation system, calculates green finance index of Chinese coastal provinces and cities, This paper uses a fixed-effects model to analyze the role of green finance in achieving the ‘dual-carbon’ goal and fostering the growth of China’s ocean economy, and combines with the threshold effect model to further study the nonlinear role of green finance on China’s ocean economy. The paper takes green finance as the core explanatory variable. In this paper, green finance is taken as the core explanatory variable, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) as the explanatory variable, income from marine scientific research and the scale of marine industry as the threshold variables, and the number of authorized patents, GDP index, stock market activity, energy consumption structure, the scale of the tertiary industry and the scale of the secondary industry as the other control variables.ResultsIt is found that 1) Green finance has a positive effect on China’s ocean economic growth, with the strongest positive effect on the Southern Ocean Economic Zone. 2) The scale of the marine industry, the scale of the tertiary industry, and the scale of the secondary industry have a significant positive effect on the ocean economic growth in th","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional response of salinity stress in red claw crab Uca arcuata","authors":"Bing Wang, Shaolei Sun, Feijun Zhang, Zhiqiang Han","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1575833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1575833","url":null,"abstract":"This research identified functional genes and regulatory pathways of salinity stress in red claw crab <jats:italic>Uca arcuata</jats:italic>, which a globally distributed intertidal species inhabiting saline ecosystems, providing data and theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of <jats:italic>U. arcuata</jats:italic> in global climate change. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on <jats:italic>U. arcuata</jats:italic> gill tissues exposed to salinity gradients (15‰, 25‰ control, and 35‰) to profile transcriptional responses. A total of 63.83 GB of high-quality clean reads were generated, yielding 125,462 unigenes with robust assembly metrics (N50 = 969 bp; mean length = 688 bp). The transcriptome analysis predicted 101,280 coding sequences (CDSs) and 52,706 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Compared with the control group, the high-salinity group obtained 52 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 36 upregulated and 16 downregulated genes. The low-salinity group obtained 1,035 DEGs, with 780 upregulated and 255 downregulated genes. GO analysis showed a significant enrichment of DEGs in signal transduction, enzymatic activity, and binding. KEGG analysis showed that most DEGs were associated with signaling pathways and metabolism. <jats:italic>APOA1, APOA2, GPX</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GST</jats:italic> were specific genes related to salinity adaptation. Five DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative RT-PCR validation, and the results demonstrated that the transcriptome data are highly reliable. However, we did not delve into the key functional genes and their regulatory mechanisms. Joint analysis of the genome and transcriptome of <jats:italic>U. arcuata</jats:italic> should conduct in the future, and comprehensively elucidate its adaptation mechanism to salinity fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}