Connectivity in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone: a review

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2025.1547803

Lara Macheriotou, Sven Rossel, Massimiliano Molari, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, Saskia Brix, Magdalini Christodoulou, Pierre-Antoine Dessandier, Ana Hilário, Felix Janssen, Erik Simon-Lledó, Lenaick Menot, Ellen Pape, Gustavo A. Ramírez, Ann Vanreusel

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Abstract

Despite its remoteness, the deep sea is not spared from the impact of human activities. The emergence of industrial-scale deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules on the abyssal plains (4-5 km depth) of the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone in the equatorial Pacific is potentially the most threatening undertaking at present time. A primary aspect that must be comprehensively assessed in order to safeguard these abyssal benthic communities through the designation of marine protected areas and the spatial organization of prospective mining fields is connectivity, i.e., the continuity of species distributions in space and time. In this review we provide the current state of knowledge on connectivity through an examination of published literature focused on several animal groups from all benthic faunal size classes (megafauna, macrofauna, meiofauna) as well as Foraminifera and microbes. We highlight the main challenges associated with assessing connectivity in the deep sea and outline the key parameters required to achieve the idealised connectivity study for fauna and microbes.

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克拉里昂-克利珀顿地带的连通性：综述

尽管地处偏远，深海也不能幸免于人类活动的影响。在赤道太平洋Clarion-Clipperton断裂带的深海平原（4-5公里深）出现的工业规模的深海多金属结核开采可能是目前最具威胁性的事业。为了通过海洋保护区的指定和未来矿区的空间组织来保护这些深海底栖生物群落，必须全面评估的一个主要方面是连通性，即物种分布在空间和时间上的连续性。在这篇综述中，我们通过对来自所有底栖动物大小类别（巨型动物、大型动物、小型动物）以及有孔虫和微生物的几个动物类群的已发表文献的研究，提供了关于连通性的当前知识状态。我们强调了与评估深海连通性相关的主要挑战，并概述了实现动物和微生物理想连通性研究所需的关键参数。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.