Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"Physical drivers and reconstruction of the interannual variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a in key regions of the tropical and south Atlantic","authors":"David Rivas, Filippa Fransner, Shunya Koseki, Noel Keenlyside","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1528489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1528489","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding drivers of variability in oceanic primary productivity is essential to increase our understanding of the functioning of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Here, interannual variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll-<jats:italic>a</jats:italic> (CHL) and its underlying oceanographic processes are analyzed in six coastal regions of the tropical and south Atlantic. Along the South American coast, sea-surface height (SSH) and alongshore velocity, proxies for surface flows, were identified as the main drivers. Along the African coast, variations in sea-surface temperature (SST) and SSH related to coastal upwelling, were the dominant drivers. Important links to the Tropical Southern Atlantic, Dipole Mode Index, Western Hemisphere Warm Pool, and Southern Oscillation Index indices were identified, indicating potential role of teleconnections in the CHL-variability. The identified driver-linked variables were used to reconstruct the regional CHL series using multi-linear regressions and a neural-network model. The multi-linear models were able to reproduce significant fractions of the observed CHL variance. In particular, a model based on eigenvalues from an empirical orthogonal function decomposition of SST, outperformed the others. The neural-network model shows the highest performance reproducing most of the CHL variance (<jats:italic>&amp;gt;</jats:italic> 70%), but it presents difficulty to deduce the relative importance of individual drivers. Beyond this fitting/training period, the multi-linear model show better results respect to the neural-network model, especially that based on oceanographic variables. These CHL-reconstruction models present the possibility to reproduce CHL in periods when its observation is unavailable and even to predict it in multi-year climate projections.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmation of hard-substrate predictions in the abyssal Vema Fracture Zone","authors":"Torben Riehl, Linus Budke, Angelika Brandt, Mats Henseler, Pedro Martínez Arbizu, Farzaneh Momtazi, Nico Augustin","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1674707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1674707","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroacoustic mapping has recently challenged the long-held view of a uniform abyssal seafloor by predicting substantial habitat heterogeneity in this environment. The RUBBLE expedition M205 validated these predictions in the Vema Fracture Zone (VFZ) with visual surveys at six locations using a towed deep-sea camera system. Exposed rock outcrops and varied hard substrates were consistently confirmed in areas of high hard-rock exposure, while moderately predicted areas contained a mix of sediments, cobbles, and pebbles; low-potential sites were almost entirely covered in sediment. Although a detailed quantification is beyond the scope of this report, visual correspondence supports the reliability of hydroacoustic predictions for abyssal habitats. Notably, this study pioneers the application of hydroacoustic-based seafloor characterization at abyssal depths—extending methods formerly focused on bathyal zones to the planet’s largest benthic environment and enabling direct ground-truthing of habitat models below 5,000 m. These findings highlight abyssal habitat heterogeneity, confirm the utility of hydroacoustic tools for broad-scale benthic mapping, and establish a baseline for future research on deep-sea biodiversity and ecological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatilome differences between native and invasive seagrass species in the Caribbean area","authors":"Amélie Saunier, Salomé Coquin, Laure Hannibal, Célia Ortole, Benjamin de Montgolfier, Caroline Lecareux, Elena Ormeno, Catherine Fernandez","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1641139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1641139","url":null,"abstract":"Biological invasions are one of the major threats to ecosystem services and biodiversity. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in the invasion success of alien species. In addition to generalist traits and high tolerance that enable persistence in novel environments, invasive species can use volatile chemical compounds from specialized metabolism [biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)] to compete with native species, a process known as allelopathy. These compounds could contribute to invasions in marine environments, and the associated mechanisms need to be deciphered. The aim of this study was to characterize the volatilome (i.e., all BVOCs produced by a species) of two Caribbean native seagrass species (<jats:italic>Syringodium filiforme</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thalassia testudinum</jats:italic>) and one invasive (<jats:italic>Halophila stipulacea</jats:italic>). For that purpose, leaf samples were collected, and BVOCs were trapped through headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by analyses in GC-MS. <jats:italic>H. stipulacea</jats:italic>’s volatilome was significantly different from the two native species, with the presence of compounds showing, in literature, allelochemical properties (e.g., geranyl acetone, 6-methyl, 5-hepten-2-one, and cyclohexane isothiocyanate). We hypothesized that these compounds could be “novel weapons” to enhance the invasion success of <jats:italic>H. stipulacea</jats:italic>, but it needs further investigations in the laboratory (e.g., mesocosms) as well as <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic>.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual variability of nonlinear internal wave characteristics in the Pacific Ocean off the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Northern Kuril Islands","authors":"Alexey Zimin, Egor Svergun, Ekaterina Sofina, Dmitry Romanenkov, Aleksandr Varkentin, Aleksandr Konik, Oksana Atadzhanova, Aleksei Makhovikov, Irina Vinogradova","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1662937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1662937","url":null,"abstract":"In the North Pacific Ocean off the Kamchatka Peninsula, nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) are still studied insufficiently. The purpose of the study was to establish patterns in the distribution of NLIW characteristics and the reasons for their significant variability. The study used Sentinel-1 radar images from 2015 to 2024, along with data from the FESOM-C tidal model, Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and estimates of Kamchatka walleye pollock population. In total, 3,895 NLIW events were identified, revealing “hot spots” with high wave activity, mainly east of the Fourth Kuril Strait, on Kamchatka’s shelf, and around the Shipunsky Peninsula. NLIW characteristics obtained from satellite observations were supplemented by <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> measurement near the Shipunsky Peninsula. NLIWs peaked in summer and were least active in winter. The maximum occurrence within а year was linked to the strong subsurface pycnocline, intensified tidal currents, and weak winds. “Hot spots” coincided with areas of strong diurnal tidal currents, suggesting that topographically trapped diurnal internal tide generates many NLIWs. Results also demonstrate NLIW influence on chlorophyll-a distribution and their potential role in supporting feeding base of juvenile walleye pollock, indicating the importance of internal waves in shaping the local ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal issues on China’s maritime energy corridor security from the perspective of the Russia-Ukraine conflict","authors":"Meng Li, Ling Leng, Jiayu Li, Chenkun Ma, Heyang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1687708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1687708","url":null,"abstract":"The sanctions and embargoes resulting from the Russia-Ukraine conflict have triggered non-traditional risks, presenting significant challenges to international cooperation. Given the escalating situation concerning China’s sustainable maritime energy transport corridors, the establishment of a security governance mechanism for these corridors is urgently needed. However, upon examining and analyzing the legal foundation of China’s sustainable maritime energy transport corridors, it becomes evident that several issues persist. These include the limited effectiveness of conventions related to maritime energy transport corridors, the absence of cohesive security governance efforts among different entities, and inadequate coordination mechanisms. These challenges hinder traditional security governance mechanisms from effectively addressing the security issues surrounding energy corridors in the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. To address this, China should institute a security governance mechanism for maritime energy transport corridors by promoting the objectives of fostering an energy community with a shared future, adhering to a comprehensive approach to national security, and upholding the principle of risk prevention. Specifically, this entails the need to develop specialized conventions for maritime energy transport, enhance multilateral security cooperation agreements among states along these routes, and establish an international legal framework to safeguard maritime energy corridors. Furthermore, a diverse cooperation network should be established among coastal states hosting energy corridors and international organizations under the guidance of the United Nations. Additionally, a cooperation mechanism and a varied dispute prevention and resolution system should be instituted to pave the way for the legal protection of sustainable maritime energy corridor security.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeochemistry of phytoplankton RuBisCO in the ocean","authors":"Daniel C. O. Thornton","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1653421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1653421","url":null,"abstract":"Form I Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase/carboxylase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant enzyme on Earth, playing a key role in carbon fixation during oxygenic photosynthesis. Using published sequence data, I show that there are significant differences in the amount of elemental resources (C, N and S) and energy required to synthesize the different Types of Form I RuBisCO. The shorter amino acid lengths of cyanobacterial RuBisCO had lower resource requirements to build the holoenzyme compared with eukaryotes. Consequently, the rise to dominance of eukaryote phytoplankton during the Neoproterozoic (1000–541 Ma) led to a shift to more expensive eukaryote RuBisCO. There are also significant differences in the elemental composition of RuBisCO between eukaryotes in different supergroups. Estimates of resource allocation were used to estimate how much C, N and S is associated with RuBisCO in the modern ocean. The marine cyanobacterium <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus</jats:italic> is the most numerically abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth and accounts for 7.3 – 8.9% of net ocean primary productivity. There are 2.11- 2.69 x 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> mol RuBisCO in <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus</jats:italic>, which amounts to 4 to 5% of the total RuBisCO pool in the ocean. The relatively low RuBisCO content compared with productivity indicates highly efficient photosynthesis in <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus.</jats:italic> The total marine RuBisCO reservoir is equivalent to 0.016 Pg C, 5.1 Tg N, and 0.4 Tg S. The estimated annual productivity of RuBisCO is equivalent to 0.725 - 0.890 Pg C yr<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>, 228–283 Tg N yr<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>, and 16.5 - 22.5 Tg S yr<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. In the context of the marine nitrogen cycle, the amount of nitrogen fluxing through the pool of RuBisCO each year is equivalent to, or even higher, than the rate of biological nitrogen fixation (223 ± 30 Tg N yr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Turnover of RuBisCO is rapid, occurring every 6.6 to 8.2 days. In conclusion, RuBisCO is not only significant as the primary carbon fixation enzyme in the ocean, but also as a pool of chemical elements, particularly nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal dune erosion under the influence of the Marie and Nadine storms in January 2022 on the Southern Baltic Sea coast","authors":"Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1634257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1634257","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the conditions leading to development and the course of the double storm surge event associated with cyclones Marie and Nadine in January 2022. The study also analyses the resulting changes of the dune coast following both surges. The findings are based on field measurements of morphological changes in beaches and dunes across various sections of the Polish coastline. The extent of coastal dune erosion was assessed with respect to storm surge parameters, including sea level height and wave run-up. Additionally, the relationship between beach height, wave run-up, and dune erosion volume was investigated. The maximum recorded sea level reached + 1.28 m, with wave run-up heights ranging between 3.0 and 3.3 m. Average erosion, measured as the retreat of the dune toe, was 4.3 m, though significantly higher retreat (4 to 8 m) was observed in areas where beach elevation was lower than the wave run-up. The most severe erosion, up to 8 m, occurred in cape-like sections where the coastline changes direction. Key factors influencing dune erosion volume included sea level and wave run-up heights, beach elevation, and the coast’s exposure to wind and wave action.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial clicks (Porpoise ALert) affect acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoises and their echolocation behaviour","authors":"Joseph G. Schnitzler, Louise Moysan, Juan Felipe Escobar-Calderon, Johannes Baltzer, Tobias Schaffeld, Lotte Kindt-Larsen, Ursula Siebert","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1591839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1591839","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn 2021, a continuous acoustic monitoring programme was initiated in the Baltic Sea of Schleswig-Holstein to determine the occurrence and seasonal distribution of harbour porpoises. At the same time, fishers in this area applied acoustic devices (Porpoise ALert, PAL) generating artificial porpoise clicks to reduce bycatches in set-net fisheries. The underlying hypothesis was that signals from porpoise acoustic warning devices (PALs) might be misinterpreted by the click loggers (C-POD) as genuine porpoise clicks, potentially leading to an increase in detections. The study aimed to determine whether PALs were being recorded at the monitoring stations, and to identify effective methods for filtering out artificial signals.MethodsTherefore, we deployed an array of 11 C-PODs at distances between 50 and 350 m to a duty-cycled PAL in the middle over a period of 3 months. A sophisticated machine learning approach was employed that was able to discriminate natural porpoise signals from artificial PAL signals using the full click sequence parameters.ResultsThe trained algorithm showed remarkable efficiency in discriminating between artificial PAL signals and natural harbour porpoise clicks, demonstrating good sensitivity (99.74%) and accuracy (97.12%) in the test dataset.DiscussionThe consequences for compromised monitoring are significant, particularly in regions with low harbour porpoise densities, where artificial signals may influence the interpretation of diurnal and seasonal aspects of natural harbour porpoise behaviour, leading to misinterpretations. The effectiveness of management measures depends on the availability of reliable monitoring data, which is essential given the urgent need to improve the conservation of harbour porpoises, which are declining in the western Baltic Sea within the waters of Schleswig-Holstein. Finally, the study design was maximised to provide further information on PAL functionality and effectiveness as warning devices. The results revealed a reduction in the number of porpoise clicks during PAL operation, and changes in echolocation patterns characterised by increased minimum Inter-click-intervals (ICI), suggesting a shift from foraging or communication to orientation activity, and decreased maximum ICI, indicating enhanced long-range orientation. The function of these devices on echolocation behaviour remains therefore unclear, as it is not known whether they act solely as an alarm or rather as a deterrent.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and behavioral drivers of Automatic Identification System gaps of Turkish trawlers in the Black Sea","authors":"Taner Yildiz, Nurdan Cömert, Carmen Ferrà, Uygar Şaşmaz, Alessandro Galdelli, Anna Nora Tassetti","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1647930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1647930","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the spatial, temporal, environmental, and behavioral drivers of Automatic Identification System (AIS) signal gaps in trawl fishing vessels operating in the Black Sea. AIS deliberate or accidental signal gaps, which may cause vessels to become temporarily invisible to AIS-based surveillance systems, hinder maritime monitoring, compliance enforcement, and fisheries management — even though such vessels may still be detectable via alternative systems such as VMS. The analysis focused on two primary trawl types; bottom and pelagic trawl. Using a comprehensive dataset of AIS signals, environmental variables and vessel activity, the study integrated spatial and temporal analyses with XGBoost machine learning technique to identify key predictors of AIS gaps. The results reveal distinct seasonal and spatial patterns in AIS gap behavior, with significant variation between trawl types. For bottom trawls, AIS gaps were concentrated near the northern entrance of the Istanbul Strait, while pelagic trawls exhibited broader distributions along the Black Sea coast, particularly near Zonguldak and Samsun. Machine learning model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with an accuracy of 80.26%, AUC of 0.8855, TSS of 0.6052, MAE of 1336.74 minutes, and RMSE of 3205.54 minutes for bottom trawls. For pelagic trawls, the model achieved 61.68% accuracy, an AUC of 0.6663, TSS of 0.2336, MAE of 2011.05 minutes, and RMSE of 4400.40 minutes, indicating moderate predictive capabilities. Key predictors included environmental factors such as chlorophyll concentration and sea surface temperature, alongside spatial metrics like depth and proximity to shore and port. Partial dependence plots highlighted the non-linear effects of these variables, with chlorophyll concentration showing a critical threshold around 3.5 mg/m³ and sea surface temperature influencing gaps most significantly at approximately 15°C. This study provides the first systematic analysis of AIS gaps in Black Sea fisheries, contributing valuable insights into their drivers and implications for fisheries management. By identifying high-risk zones and temporal patterns, the findings could support improved monitoring strategies, regulatory enforcement, and sustainable resource use in this ecologically significant region.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A field and laboratory manual for sampling, processing and reporting microplastics in coastal and marine environments","authors":"Nina Wootton, Patrick Reis-Santos, Rachel Przeslawski, Tanveer M. Adyel, Michelle Blewitt, Bradley Clarke, Thomas Crutchett, Anirban Ghose, Sara Hajbane, Mark Hamann, Britta Denise Hardesty, Rumana Hossain, Jennifer L. Lavers, Sophie C. Leterme, Frederic D.L. Leusch, Samantha K. Lynch, Melanie MacGregor, Cherie A. Motti, Warwick Noble, Allyson OBrien, Thava Palanisami, Elvis D. Okoffo, Kushani Perera, Peter Puskic, Joseph Razzell Hollis, Lauren Roman, Veena Sahajwalla, Marina F. M. Santana, Anastasiia Snigirova, Elise M. Tuuri, Scott P. Wilson, Shima Ziajahromi, Bronwyn M. Gillanders","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1674412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1674412","url":null,"abstract":"Global interest in microplastics is increasing, with numerous organisations collecting data on microplastics in the environment. However, disparate sampling, analysis, and reporting methods limit our ability to integrate data, hindering a global understanding of microplastic occurrence, effects and dynamics. Drawing on international directives and collaborations, we present a comprehensive guideline of harmonised and standardised field and laboratory approaches for microplastics in marine and coastal environments. We aim to ensure data consistency and comparability, incorporating the latest methodological developments for investigating and monitoring microplastics in four environmental matrices: sediment, water, biota, and air. A participatory approach brought together 40 researchers with diverse experience, reflecting a broad range of regional and international research. We provide best practice recommendations for sample processing to isolate, quantify and characterise microplastics, along with effective quality assurance and quality control measures. We also include reporting and data release recommendations, to ensure consistency and comparability across datasets. This guideline is endorsed by Ocean Best Practices System. By following these guidelines, and incorporating workflows supporting Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data, diverse stakeholders and practitioners can generate harmonised data essential for decision-making, facilitating a collective ability to synthesise global datasets and support action on microplastics.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}