Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"An unusual mortality event for bottlenose dolphins links to altered diets resulting from ecological changes","authors":"Megan K. Stolen, Wendy Noke Durden, Teresa Jablonski, Graham A. J. Worthy, Richard Paperno, Charles A. Jacoby","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1531742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1531742","url":null,"abstract":"Bottlenose dolphins (<jats:italic>Tursiops truncatus</jats:italic>) often have served as sentinel species for ecological changes in estuarine and marine systems. In 2013, the population of bottlenose dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon exemplified this role because an unusual mortality event involving malnourishment followed ecological changes. Potential causes of mortalities were investigated using surveys of key habitats and abundances of potential prey, stable isotope ratios from dolphins and potential prey, estimations of energy densities for key types of prey, and surveys of environmental conditions. The ecology of the lagoon changed substantially after 2011, with shading by intense, extensive, and long-lasting blooms of phytoplankton resulting in a &amp;gt; 50% decrease in the mean cover of seagrass and a &amp;gt; 75% decrease in mean biomass of drifting macroalgae. These reductions in key structural habitats preceded changes in ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in samples of muscle from stranded dolphins. Changes in isotopic ratios indicated 9–25% increases in consumption of <jats:italic>Archosargus rhomboidalis</jats:italic> (sea bream) and 14–20% decreases in consumption of <jats:italic>Elops saurus</jats:italic> (ladyfish). The changes in diet reflected availability of prey, with a fisheries independent monitoring program yielding parallel changes in catches of sea bream and ladyfish. The dietary shift may have contributed to the 2013 unusual mortality event because sea bream yielded a lower mean energy density than ladyfish. Additionally, below average temperatures in 2010 and 2011 may have stressed some dolphins, particularly those that were garnering less energy from their diet. In contrast, osmotic stress was unlikely, given increasing salinities in the system. Overall, the results provided an example of links from blooms of phytoplankton to changes in habitat, availability of prey, and diets of dolphins followed by an unusual number of mortalities. Loads of nutrients that fueled the blooms are being reduced, with safe loads scheduled to be reached in 2035 and recognition that additional, adaptive efforts may be necessary to obviate harmful algal blooms.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of an efficient polystyrene-degrading microbial consortium based on degrading and non-degrading bacteria predominant in biofilms of marine plastic debris","authors":"Jiannan Wang, Renju Liu, Sufang Zhao, Benjuan Zhang, Zongze Shao","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1569583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1569583","url":null,"abstract":"Expanded polystyrene (EPS) has caused significant pollution in marine environments, with potential EPS-degrading bacteria identified on long-term floating EPS biofilms. However, studies on bacterial interactions and consortium reconstruction based on <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> bacterial diversity remain limited. Marine EPS wastes of different sizes were collected from subtropical coast of Xiamen island, and subjected to bacterial diversity analyses. Co-occurrence network and bacterial characterization revealed that <jats:italic>Rhodobacterales</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rhizobiales</jats:italic> play important roles in polystyrene (PS) degradation. Bacterial isolation characterization confirmed that <jats:italic>Fulvimarina pelagi</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudosulfitobacter pseudonitzschiae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Devosia nitrariae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cytobacillus kochii</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Cytobacillus oceanisediminis</jats:italic> as novel PS-degraders. Based on their abundance <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> and PS degradation activity, a consortium was constructed, constituted of <jats:italic>F. pelagi</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. halotolerans</jats:italic>. and <jats:italic>O. granulosus</jats:italic>, showed a high degradation capability with PS weight loss by 18.9% in 45 days. These results contribute to marine plastic pollution remediation and resources recycling.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary intensification of spine epibiosis in the cidaroid echinoid Eucidaris: implications for anthropogenic impacts","authors":"Elizabeth Petsios, Corinne E. Fuchs, Michal Kowalewski, Paul Larson, Roger W. Portell, Carrie L. Tyler","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1513138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1513138","url":null,"abstract":"Echinoids are an integral part of present-day and ancient marine trophic webs, and they host a variety of mutualistic, commensalistic, and parasitic epibionts on their spines and test. Cidaroid echinoid (slate pencil urchins) spines in particular are commonly colonized by epizoans. <jats:italic>Eucidaris</jats:italic> in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific today are notable for the frequency and intensity of calcifying, non-calcifying, and galling colonization on their spines. While moderate levels of spine colonization may provide camouflage and other benefits to the host, a high density of encrusters may instead reduce host fitness, and galling is invariably parasitic. Significant environmental changes in the equatorial and sub-equatorial western Atlantic and eastern Pacific necessitate a paleobiological approach to constrain the timing of changes in epibiosis intensity on <jats:italic>Eucidaris</jats:italic>. Here, we compare rates of spine colonization in present-day <jats:italic>Eucidaris</jats:italic> populations with ancestral Pliocene <jats:italic>Eucidaris</jats:italic> assemblages. We find that Pliocene spines show no evidence of parasitic galling, and significantly less evidence of epibiosis than their present-day descendants in both the Atlantic and Pacific. This holds true even after accounting for taphonomic processes that would preferentially erase evidence of non-calcifying colonization. We propose that the high intensity of colonization on present-day <jats:italic>Eucidaris</jats:italic> spines is a relatively recent development and may reflect human-induced habitat degradation in the region, underscoring the need for further investigation into this biotic interaction.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the future of aquatic products’ trade under marine pollution by Japan’s nuclear wastewater","authors":"Liru Chen, Yihang Zhang, Yanwen Tan, Abdelrahman Ali","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1534786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1534786","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe discharge of nuclear wastewater (NW) poses significant environmental, economic, and geopolitical risks, impacting marine ecosystems, global fisheries trade, and public health. Japan's decision to release NW has triggered international responses, including seafood import restrictions and inspections.MethodsThis study simulates the short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) effects of NW on global fisheries trade under various scenarios using complex network analysis and maximum entropy modeling.ResultsSimulation outcomes suggest that in the ST scenario, China’s aquatic exports may decrease by 9.11 million tons, followed by Japan with 2.09 million tons. Import reductions for China, the U.S., and Japan could reach $1403M, $1310M, and $1046M, respectively. In the LT scenario, Japan’s exports may fall by $1791M, with China and Chile losing $1321M and $1306M. The U.S. may cut imports by $2521.9M (7.98%), China by 10.06%, and Japan by 7.20%. Smaller-importer nations are also notably impacted.DiscussionThese projections highlight NW’s wide-ranging trade effects, though real-world outcomes will depend on evolving factors. Ongoing monitoring and adaptive trade policies are crucial to mitigate impacts on seafood trade, food security, and economic stability. The results offer strategic guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal alarm of marine fish consumption surrounding Qiongzhou Strait, the South China Sea","authors":"Peng Zhang, Zijun Ye, Liping Huang, Xuefeng Wang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1557963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1557963","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution presents a significant concern in marine ecosystems, posing a serious threat. Monitoring the levels of heavy metals in marine fish is crucial for safeguarding human health. This study specifically investigates the bioaccumulation of eight elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)) in marine fish in the Qiongzhou Strait in the South China Sea. Zn emerged as the predominant heavy metal, with an average concentration of 39.5 μg/g. Most marine fish showed a low risk of heavy metal intake, <jats:italic>Pampus argenteus</jats:italic> exhibited the lowest risk at 10<jats:sup>–6</jats:sup>. Moreover, caution is advised regarding the consumption of <jats:italic>Uroconger lepturus</jats:italic> due to its elevated risk of As bioaccumulation, with levels reaching 70.1 μg/g, contributing significantly to the total target hazard quotient at 94.3% (3.64). This study provides valuable recommendations for coastal environmental protection and the prevention of ecological incidents.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic carbon source utilization in Biofloc aquaculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): impacts on growth, health, and environmental parameters","authors":"Nandini Rai, J. M. Julka, Akshaya Panigrahi, Sofia Priyadarsani Das","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1576079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1576079","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionBiofloc technology (BFT) offers a sustainable approach to aquaculture by enhancing water quality and nutrient utilization. This study investigated the effects of varying carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, achieved through different combinations of jaggery and corn flour, rice flour, or rice bran, on the growth performance, body composition, histological health, and immune response of common carp (<jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio</jats:italic>) fingerlings in a BFT system.MethodsA 90-day experiment was conducted using common carp fingerlings, where different groups were fed diets supplemented with jaggery in combination with either corn flour, rice flour, or rice bran, creating varying C:N ratios. Water quality parameters, Biofloc volume, growth performance (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate), body composition (crude protein, crude lipid), histological analysis of liver and intestine, Biofloc morphology, and immune-related gene expression were assessed.ResultsThe addition of carbon sources, particularly jaggery and rice flour, significantly improved water quality by reducing total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate levels, and increasing Biofloc volume. The jaggery and rice flour group exhibited the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and levels of crude protein and crude lipid. Histological analysis showed improved hepatic and intestinal health in this group. Biofloc morphology varied, with rod shapes observed in the jaggery and rice flour group and spherical peanut shapes in the jaggery and corn flour group. The jaggery and rice flour group also demonstrated elevated expression of immune-related genes.DiscussionThe combination of jaggery and rice flour provided an optimal C:N ratio, leading to enhanced water quality, improved growth performance, better body composition, healthier histological structure, and a strengthened immune response in common carp fingerlings. The unique Biofloc morphology and increased immune gene expression observed in this group suggest a synergistic effect of jaggery and rice flour in promoting a robust and efficient BFT system for common carp aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect of modified clay on algae-derived organic nitrogen mineralization and its mechanisms in diatom Skeletonema costatum","authors":"Xin Feng, Wentao Wang, Yongbao Chu, Jianan Zhu, Lianbao Chi, Jing Chen, Xiuxian Song, Zhiming Yu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1558899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1558899","url":null,"abstract":"Algae-derived organic nitrogen (AON) is mineralized by microorganisms to bioavailable inorganic nitrogen form, potentially sustaining the harmful algal blooms (HABs) for extended durations. The modified clay (MC) is an effective approach for mitigating HABs; however, its effects on the AON mineralization and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the effects of MC on the mineralization of AON by a typical HAB species <jats:italic>Skeletonema costatum</jats:italic> were analyzed using the isotope dilution method, and the underlying mechanism were preliminarily discussed. The results revealed that the addition of MC could reduce the mineralization rates of AON and the regeneration amount of inorganic nitrogen by 71% and 60%, respectively, compared to the control group. The total fluorescence intensity was approximately 46% lower than that of the control group. In addition, the bacterial proliferation was suppressed by 66% and the community evolved from uniformity to diversification. It is hypothesized that the physical encapsulation of AON, chemical bonding of molecules and the variations of the microbial community under the utilization of MC were key mechanisms influencing the mineralization process. This study offers valuable insights into the environmental impacts following the HABs management and provides a scientific basis for investigating the controlling mechanisms of marine organic matter mineralization and burial.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel edge-feature attention fusion framework for underwater image enhancement","authors":"Shuai Shen, Haoyi Wang, Weitao Chen, Pingkang Wang, Qianyong Liang, Xuwen Qin","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1555286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1555286","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater images captured by Remotely Operated Vehicles are critical for marine research, ocean engineering, and national defense, but challenges such as blurriness and color distortion necessitate advanced enhancement techniques. To address these issues, this paper presents the CUG-UIEF algorithm, an underwater image enhancement framework leveraging edge feature attention fusion. The method comprises three modules: 1) an Attention-Guided Edge Feature Fusion Module that extracts edge information via edge operators and enhances object detail through multi-scale feature integration with channel-cross attention to resolve edge blurring; 2) a Spatial Information Enhancement Module that employs spatial-cross attention to capture spatial interrelationships and improve semantic representation, mitigating low signal-to-noise ratio; and 3) Multi-Dimensional Perception Optimization integrating perceptual, structural, and anomaly optimizations to address detail blurring and low contrast. Experimental results demonstrate that CUG-UIEF achieves an average peak signal-to-noise ratio of 24.49 dB, an 8.41% improvement over six mainstream algorithms, and a structural similarity index of 0.92, a 1.09% increase. These findings highlight the model’s effectiveness in balancing edge preservation, spatial semantics, and perceptual quality, offering promising applications in marine science and related fields.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental preferences of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) for egg-laying on a fringing reef pocket beach, Mayotte Island","authors":"Sophie Morisseau, Matthieu Jeanson, Sarah Charroux, Yann Mercky, Charles Le Bozec, Michel Charpentier, Lucas Le Gall, Cyrielle Delvenne, Marc Girondot, Elliott Sucré, Damien Chevallier","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1506101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1506101","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the spatial ecology of sea turtles is essential to ensure their long-term conservation by the preservation of their environment. The distribution and environmental preferences for egg-laying by the green turtle (<jats:italic>Chelonia mydas</jats:italic>) were studied on Grande Saziley beach in Mayotte (north of the Mozambique Channel). Green turtle nesting activity was geolocated during night patrols and the depth of specific nests was measured during two field campaigns in 2021 and 2022. Various original environmental parameters related to vegetation and beach morphology were extracted in a GIS environment based on this geolocated data using orthophotography and digital elevation models (DEMs) created by drones prior to field deployments. Sediment samples were also collected from the beach. Thanks to the combination of fieldwork and GIS analysis, this study makes it possible to examine a set of variables, which until now have rarely been studied simultaneously. The results showed that the Grande Saziley beach is a heterogeneous site with the distribution of egg-laying being concentrated in two hotspots. After principal component and GLMM statistical analysis, it appeared that gravid females preferentially lay in a low proportion of coarse sand at the bottom of the nest, at higher elevation and predominantly in surface sand with a low calcium carbonate content. This preference seems to be linked more to elevation, where black sand is mainly found at the top of the beach, rather than an intentional choice based on sand composition. No significant egg-laying site-related variables were found to explain the variations in nest depth. Our study was based on a new approach combining GIS techniques and drone surveys, enabling the collection of environmental parameters, a methodology that can easily be reproduced on other nesting beaches, reducing field workload. However, this work should be continued to assess the viability of sites for clutch survival while considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the environment.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic transfer of mercury in marine food chains from the offshore waters of Changshan Archipelago","authors":"Mingyu Huo, Min Pang, Xuli Ma, Penggong Wang, Chang Sun, Yulong Zhang, Yuchen Gong, Zhenwei Sun, Zhaohui Zhang, Zongling Wang, Pei Qu, Xianxiang Luo","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1566875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1566875","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMercury (Hg) and its organic forms can accumulate in marine organisms, undergoing biomagnification as they transfer through food chains. However, the factors affecting such Hg biomagnification are not fully understood.MethodsThis study analyzed the biomagnification of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in marine food chains represented by invertebrates and fish from the offshore waters of Changshan Archipelago, grouped into continuous trophic level (TL) ranges based on nitrogen stable isotopic analysis.ResultsConcentrations of THg and MeHg ranged from 4.8 ng/g to 115.4 ng/g and 1.8 ng/g to 47.3 ng/g in invertebrates, and from 3.7 ng/g to 102.1 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g to 67.6 ng/g in fish, with TL ranges for invertebrates and fish of 1.27–2.70 and 1.97–3.60, respectively. Hg concentration increased with increasing TLs in both fish and invertebrates. Combined with nitrogen stable isotopic analysis, trophic magnification factors (TMF) were 1.51 and 1.16 for THg and MeHg in fish, and 1.95 and 1.71 for THg and MeHg in invertebrates, respectively, indicating the biomagnification of THg and MeHg in the study area. Further analysis of Hg biomagnification showed higher TMF values of Hg in both invertebrate and fish groups with higher δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values, suggesting that food sources influenced Hg biomagnification in marine organisms.DiscussionFood sources with lower δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values might reduce biomagnification efficiency of both THg and MeHg within marine fauna. These results aided understanding of Hg biomagnification in marine food chains and provided a reference for developing ways to harness Hg pollution.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}