Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating the distribution and characteristics of microplastics in water column of the northwestern South China Sea with a large-volume in situ filtration technology (plankton pump)","authors":"Changjun Li, Lixin Zhu, Xiaohui Wang, Daoji Li","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1556592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1556592","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic pollution has emerged as an undeniable marine environmental issue. While a distribution map of microplastics in the upper ocean has been established, the patterns of microplastics within the water column remain unclear. In this study, a large-volume <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> filtration device with filtration efficiency of 30 m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/h was employed to investigate microplastics in the deep waters of the South China Sea. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.2 to 1.5 items per cubic meter (n/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>), with an average of 0.56 ± 0.40 n/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>. Microplastics are primarily fragments (72.58%) and fibers (20.97%), with the predominant polymer types being polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The average size of microplastics is 0.91 ± 0.97 mm, with no statistically significant differences observed across different water layers from 50 to 1000 meter (m). Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that microplastics in the water column primarily originated from surface waters in the studied region. The occurrence of microplastics in the marine water column is a complex environmental process, influenced by a range of oceanographic mechanisms, including biological, chemical, and physical interactions. Our results provided reliable baseline data on microplastics in the water column of the South China Sea, contributing a better understanding to the vertical transport and fate of microplastics in this region.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic segmentation of underwater images based on the improved SegFormer","authors":"Bowei Chen, Wei Zhao, Qiusheng Zhang, Mingliang Li, Mingyang Qi, You Tang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1522160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1522160","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater images segmentation is essential for tasks such as underwater exploration, marine environmental monitoring, and resource development. Nevertheless, given the complexity and variability of the underwater environment, improving model accuracy remains a key challenge in underwater image segmentation tasks. To address these issues, this study presents a high-performance semantic segmentation approach for underwater images based on the standard SegFormer model. First, the Mix Transformer backbone in SegFormer is replaced with a Swin Transformer to enhance feature extraction and facilitate efficient acquisition of global context information. Next, the Efficient Multi-scale Attention (EMA) mechanism is introduced in the backbone’s downsampling stages and the decoder to better capture multi-scale features, further improving segmentation accuracy. Furthermore, a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) structure is incorporated into the decoder to combine feature maps at multiple resolutions, allowing the model to integrate contextual information effectively, enhancing robustness in complex underwater environments. Testing on the SUIM underwater image dataset shows that the proposed model achieves high performance across multiple metrics: mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) of 77.00%, mean Recall (mRecall) of 85.04%, mean Precision (mPrecision) of 89.03%, and mean F1score (mF1score) of 86.63%. Compared to the standard SegFormer, it demonstrates improvements of 3.73% in MIoU, 1.98% in mRecall, 3.38% in mPrecision, and 2.44% in mF1score, with an increase of 9.89M parameters. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior segmentation accuracy with minimal additional computation, showcasing high performance in underwater image segmentation.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural abundance isotope techniques offer a key to better deciphering the impact of microplastics on the nitrogen cycle","authors":"Yangjun Chen, Xingzhou Zhang, Yuanyuan Yang, Min Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1518631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1518631","url":null,"abstract":"As human activities intensify, ecosystems are constantly being polluted by microplastics, which may change the microbe-driven nitrogen cycling and associated nitrous oxide emissions therein. However, the exact impact of microplastics on specific nitrogen cycling processes remains to be clarified, limiting accurate assessments of nitrous oxide production. Additionally, a gap in our understanding of the isotopic dynamics of nitrogen cycling under the impact of microplastics restricts deeper insights into nitrogen cycling in microplastic-polluted environments. Accordingly, this study represents the first integration of natural abundance isotope techniques with microcosm experiments involving various microplastics, offering a novel approach for detailed investigation into the impacts of microplastics on the nitrogen cycle dynamics and their potential role in regulating nitrous oxide production. Our results suggest that microplastics of different sizes (0.02 mm, 0.1 mm, and 1 mm) and polymer types (polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, and polyethylene) impact both nitrite production and consumption, highlighting the important role of size in these processes. Particularly, nitrite dual isotopic signatures help identify specific nitrogen cycling processes impacted by microplastics. More importantly, isotopic evidence indicates that nitrite may be lost from the environment primarily by reduction to gaseous products nitrous oxide or dinitrogen in polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, especially the largest-size polyamide treatments. Conversely, polypropylene treatment, especially at large sizes, may promote nitrite oxidation, thus retaining more nitrogen within the environment. Our findings offer a new paradigm for the comprehensive assessment of the impact of microplastics on the nitrogen cycle and highlight the importance of considering microplastics when assessing greenhouse gas emissions, especially in the context of increasing microplastic pollution.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale cascaded attention network for underwater image enhancement","authors":"Gaoli Zhao, Yuheng Wu, Ling Zhou, Wenyi Zhao, Weidong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1555128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1555128","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of underwater environments combined with light attenuation and scattering in water often leads to quality degradation in underwater images, including color distortion and blurred details. To eliminate obstacles in underwater imaging, we propose an underwater image enhancement method based on a cascaded attention network called MSCA-Net. Specifically, this method designs an attention-guided module that connects channel and pixel attention in both serial and parallel ways to simultaneously achieve channel feature refinement and feature representation enhancement. Afterward, we propose a multi-scale feature integration module to capture information and details at different scales within the image. Meanwhile, residual connections are introduced to assist in deep feature learning via acquiring more detailed information from shallow features. We conducted extensive experiments on various underwater datasets, and the results demonstrate that our method still holds an advantage when compared to the latest underwater image enhancement methods.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How much time and who will do it? Organizing the toolbox of climate adaptations for small-scale fisheries","authors":"Sieme Bossier, Yoshitaka Ota, Ana Lucía Pozas-Franco, Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1521526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1521526","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation to climate impacts will be necessary for small-scale fisheries and fishers (SSFs) to safeguard their food security, livelihoods, and cultural heritage. SSFs are often vulnerable to environmental impacts due to the place-based, multi-scale and direct dependencies on local ecosystems, and generally fewer resources or abilities for relocation, diversification, and modification of their fishing practices. Strategic adaptation is therefore essential. This study emphasizes the timelines, requirements, and burdens of implementing existing and proposed adaptations, e.g., who pays, who does the work, and how long would it take? To categorize possible actions (tools) for analysis, we adapt the FAO climate adaptation framework and propose five areas of action: Institutional, Communication, Livelihood, Risk Resilience, and Science. Our results highlight two interconnected trends; first, the burdens and benefits of proposed climate adaptations are unevenly distributed, usually against fishers themselves. Second, there is a general lack of research focusing on the equity implications of current governance structures that de-emphasize fisher’s needs. This creates a lack of understanding among policy makers about the adaptation priorities of SSFs, and what resources or support they would need to implement them. We applied this framework to a case study involving octopus SSFs in Yucatán, Mexico. Interview results reinforce the finding that adaptation strategies that fishers thought would be most important for them (e.g. changes in policies/regulations to improve healthcare, reduce excess capacity, or reinforce fishing laws) were actions they could not often realize without external support; conversely, tools often proposed as “easier” by non-fishers (e.g. changing jobs, fishing gears, or going further out to sea) were not seen as particularly viable to fishers. Due to these mismatches, we argue there is a need to go beyond the classical focus on quantifying climate vulnerability towards a stronger emphasis on prioritizing adaptation strategies to meet the goals of fisherfolk themselves and aligning organizational and governance structures accordingly. The toolbox organization framework we propose can serve as an initial guidance for many fishing communities, decision makers and other stakeholders to anticipate implementation needs and find the right tools to adapt to future climatic conditions and prevent negative socioeconomic and ecological impacts.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cheap and efficient system for Spongia anclotea farming in the Bahamas","authors":"Gregorio Motta, Rocco Auriemma, Annabelle Brooks, Massimiliano Novak, Elena Pesle, Antonio Terlizzi, Massimo Avian","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1519832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1519832","url":null,"abstract":"Sponges are now requested for their commercial, industrial and pharmaceutical importance. This led to an increase in demand in the global markets with uncontrolled and excessive harvesting pressure that, together with diseases outbreaks, put wild populations at risk, with several habitats completely looted. Aquaculture of sponge fragments poses an alternative to wild collection since fragment regeneration is easy, cheap and efficient. We chose as subject of our study <jats:italic>Spongia anclotea</jats:italic>, common to the tropical Western Atlantic, due to its high request on the market for cosmetics, body care and pharmaceutical applications. We set a low-cost sponge farm made of cheap materials, thus affordable for local communities, which did not require significant maintenance. The growth and survival rate of 384 out of 2304 randomly chosen sponges have been investigated over a 4-year period. At the end of the study, sponges increased by an average rate of 380% ± 275% of their initial volume (with a maximum of 1480%) and 87.5% of sponges survived (death and detach during the whole period were considered as mortality). Farmed sponges from our structure resulted characterized by superior quality and shape compared to collected wild individuals from the area and, after six years of cultivation (4 years of the present study + 2 years of forecasted growth based on our findings), this improved quality could yield higher profits (618 USD vs. 547 USD, respectively, for a standard stock size). This experimental setup can be considered a good alternative to sponge harvesting and a good economic opportunity for developing countries.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the potential distribution of major marine mammals in the Cosmonaut Sea","authors":"Yufei Dai, Fanyi Meng, Fuxing Wu, Xing Miao, Denghui Yan, Mingding Zhong, Shunan Cao, Yuli Wei, Longshan Lin","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1529913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1529913","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern Ocean, a critical marine region on Earth, is undergoing significant environmental changes due to global climate change, including reductions in sea ice extent, ocean acidification, and alterations in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The Cosmonaut Sea, notable for its dynamic sea ice and rich biological activity, remains one of the least explored regions in the Southern Ocean, with limited data on its marine mammal populations. This study conducted during the 38th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) from January to March 2022, collected systematic data on marine mammal occurrences. Species distribution modeling (SDM) was used to assess the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of the most abundant marine mammal species observed in the Cosmonaut Sea, including humpback whales (<jats:italic>Megaptera novaeangliae</jats:italic>), crabeater seals (<jats:italic>Lobodon carcinophaga</jats:italic>), and Antarctic minke whales (<jats:italic>Balaenoptera bonaerensis</jats:italic>). Our results indicated significant performance variations among the different algorithms, with ensemble model yielding more accurate predictions. Environmental variables such as water depth, sea surface height, and mixed layer thickness were identified as significant factors influencing habitat suitability for different species. Humpback whales were found to have the widest distribution range, followed by Antarctic minke whales and crabeater seals. Generally, the study provides the first comprehensive analysis of marine mammal distribution in the Cosmonaut Sea, highlighting the effectiveness of ensemble models in ecological predictions. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating high-resolution data and incorporating predator-prey interactions in future studies to improve our understanding and conservation of these complex ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedload transport within a patchy submerged canopy with different patch densities and spatial configuration","authors":"Hyoungchul Park, Heidi Nepf","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1531231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1531231","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the bedload transport within a patchy submerged canopy across a range of patch area densities and spatial configurations. The patch area densities (<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>), defined as the bed area fraction covered by patches, ranged from 0 to 0.56, while the spatial configurations varied from channel-spanning patches to laterally unconfined patches. At low area density (<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>0.3), as <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula> increased, more flow passed over the top of the canopy, decreasing the near-bed velocity. However, the formation of turbulent wakes around individual patches increased the near-bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). These opposing trends led to a mild decrease in the bedload transport rate with increasing <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>. In contrast, at high area density (<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>0.3), both near-bed velocity and TKE decreased with increasing <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>, resulting in a sharp decrease in bedload transport rate. Furthermore, at the same <jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:inline-formula>, channel-spanning patches were associated with lower bedload transport, compared to laterally unconfined patches. A predictive model for bedload transport rate that incorporated both near-bed mean velocity and TKE provided more accurate predictions than models based only on time-averaged velocity (bed stress) or TKE.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different Zn2+ levels on antioxidant activity, fatty acid composition, and related gene expression in Phaeodactylum tricornutum","authors":"Ning Ma, Qingling Su, Pu Song, Shaokun Dong, Hongjin Qiao, Yingjiang Xu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1562111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1562111","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to examine the impact of varying concentrations of divalent zinc cation (Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>) on the growth, antioxidant levels, fatty acid composition, and related gene expression in a pennate diatom, <jats:italic>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</jats:italic>. As a prevalent environment contaminant, zinc is introduced into aquatic ecosystems via agricultural and industrial processes, exerting toxic effects on aquatic biota. <jats:italic>P. tricornutum</jats:italic> was exposed to gradient Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> concentrations (0.99–1000.23 μM), with growth tracked spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant biomarkers, fatty acid profiles, and Zn-responsive gene expression were analyzed via biochemical assays, gas chromatography, and qRT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that appropriate concentrations of Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> were essential for the growth of <jats:italic>P. tricornutum</jats:italic>, but high concentrations of Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> (1000.23 μM) significantly inhibited its growth. Zinc stress also led to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn triggered oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels. Furthermore, zinc stress affected the fatty acid composition of <jats:italic>P. tricornutum</jats:italic>, particularly in the group exposed to high concentrations of Zn<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>. There was a notable reduction in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), while the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) increased. Gene expression analyses indicated alterations in the expression of zinc transporter proteins and antioxidant-related genes, suggesting that <jats:italic>P. tricornutum</jats:italic> adapts to zinc stress through the regulation of gene expression. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of the physiological and molecular responses of microalgae to zinc pollution and a scientific basis for evaluating the potential impacts of zinc pollution on aquatic ecosystems and developing bioremediation strategies.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of smart electronic observation onboard technologies for more sustainable fisheries management","authors":"Mateo Barreiro, Esther Abad, Luís T. Antelo, José Carlos Fernández, Carlos Pereira, Juan Carlos Ovalle, Ricardo Issac Pérez Martín, Julio Valeiras","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1545718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1545718","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term conservation of marine resources depends on the availability of data to adequately assess fish stocks, the environmental state and the impact of fishing activity on marine ecosystems. In recent years, electronic monitoring (EM) has developed significantly as a tool to provide data on fishing activity and catches. In this context, the question arises as to how these data can be utilized for scientific fisheries research, given the available EM systems and the wide variety of commercial fisheries. In our study, we tested four case studies in Spanish waters: otter bottom trawling targeting demersal fish, otter bottom trawling targeting mackerel, trammel net fishery and purse seining. To evaluate the utility of EM, in these case studies, we designed a comparative analysis based on two data sources: data from scientific human observers and data from an electronic camera system. Both methods were applied to the same hauls to assess the accuracy of the cameras, the system performance and the problems with adequate data collection for scientific purposes in each fishery studied. The results showed that the camera system recorded an average of 69% to 80% of the total captured species in trawling, full coverage (99%) in trammel nets, and 64% in purse seining. The number of detected individuals varied among the identified species. An 83% agreement was observed for retained <jats:italic>Lepidorhombus</jats:italic> spp. and 55% for retained <jats:italic>Scomber scombrus</jats:italic> in bottom trawl fisheries. Likewise, a 90% agreement was recorded for <jats:italic>Sepia officinalis</jats:italic> in the trammel net fishery. In terms of total estimated weight, a 75% agreement was achieved for retained <jats:italic>Sardina pilchardus</jats:italic> in the purse seine fishery. Additionally, the camera system was able to record bycatch species, including marine mammals and seabirds, and protected, endangered, and threatened (PET) species. This information provides an opportunity to gather more scientific data from small-scale fisheries, which are the most common type in Spain. Some possibilities are proposed to address several challenges to improve the accuracy of camera recordings in different fisheries so that they are useful for scientific data collection.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}