Eleonora Monfardini, Laura Ciaralli, Barbara Catalano, Gianluca Franceschini, Camilla Antonini, Benedetta Trabucco, Bianca Di Lorenzo, Maria Grazia Finoia, Ornella Nonnis
{"title":"A field-based framework for evaluating sustainable fishing gear in small-scale Plesionika edwardsii fisheries","authors":"Eleonora Monfardini, Laura Ciaralli, Barbara Catalano, Gianluca Franceschini, Camilla Antonini, Benedetta Trabucco, Bianca Di Lorenzo, Maria Grazia Finoia, Ornella Nonnis","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1656784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1656784","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionPlastic pollution at sea is a critical global issue, but despite legislative requirements, scant information is available for the ongoing assessment of this threat. Abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) significantly contributes to marine litter, ghost fishing, and ecosystem degradation.MethodsA multidisciplinary research effort, carried out in collaboration with small-scale fishers, introduced a new methodological approach implementing sustainable and biodegradable fishing gear. This approach combined experimental field trials with performance monitoring to test pot nets lined with biodegradable and compostable material prototypes, used in artisanal fisheries targeting <jats:italic>Plesionika edwardsii</jats:italic>.ResultsAccording to our results, these alternative materials deliver artisanal performance comparable to that of traditional plastics, including fishing efficacy, while reducing environmental impact.Discussion/ConclusionEarly-stage trials indicate that biodegradable pots, while requiring further refinement for effective use in fishing, represent a viable option for reducing ghost fishing and plastic pollution, supporting biodiversity conservation. This work demonstrates a replicable framework for testing and validating sustainable fishing gear under real-world conditions, supporting evidence-based decisions in marine resource management.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Over-tourism and green investments: spatial MMQR insights on China’s coastal pollution and carbon emissions","authors":"QingYang Sun, Xiao Wang, LiWei Cheng, Mengqi Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1605039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1605039","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionControlling over-tourism has emerged as a pressing concern, attracting significant recent attention. Investigating this issue through the analysis of the impacts of marine green energy investment (MGEI), fintech (FT), and tourism concentration (TC) on carbon footprint (CF) and coastal water pollution (CWP) at tourist destinations is crucial.MethodsThis study employs the Spatial Method of Moment Quantile Regression (SMMQR) model to examine the effects of these indicators on two environmental metrics in coastal regions of China, validated through Moran's I analysis, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) Cluster Maps, and robustness checks.ResultsResults reveal strong positive spatial autocorrelation, with dominant High-High (HH) clusters for both environmental indicators, concentrated in areas such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Sanya, indicating significant environmental pressures. TC and FT exacerbate CF (6.215-13.185 and 0.715-2.110) and CWP (5.210-10.145 and 2.045-4.570), whereas MGEI exhibits mixed CF (-3.078-4.042) and CWP impacts (-3.038-6.858), driven by spatial dependencies ranging from 0.275-0.312.DiscussionThese findings bolster recent research on tourism and FT's environmental impacts, expanding the analysis by incorporating spatial dynamics and investment, and pinpointing over-tourism risks in high-impact areas. The study proposes setting an over-tourism threshold to better manage this issue moving forward.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paige A. Hovenga, Matthew Newman, John R. Albers, William Sweet, Gregory Dusek, Tongtong Xu, John A. Callahan, Sang-Ik Shin, Gilbert P. Compo
{"title":"Using stochastically generated skewed distributions to represent hourly nontidal residual water levels at United States tide gauges","authors":"Paige A. Hovenga, Matthew Newman, John R. Albers, William Sweet, Gregory Dusek, Tongtong Xu, John A. Callahan, Sang-Ik Shin, Gilbert P. Compo","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1618367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1618367","url":null,"abstract":"The daily likelihood of High Tide Flooding (HTF) predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for leads up to one year is expressed as the sum of a long-term trend, tides, and nontidal residuals (NTRs) whose probability density functions (PDFs) are assumed to be Gaussian (i.e., normally distributed). We analyzed observed detrended hourly NTR distributions at 148 NOAA tide gauges along the U.S. coastline and show that 98.7% of them are better characterized by ‘Stochastically Generated Skewed’ (SGS) distributions, a class of non-Gaussian (skewed, heavy-tailed) PDFs. In contrast to other methods that generate PDFs by fitting observed raw histograms, SGS distributions are determined through time series analysis. Observations are fit to a simple linear (autoregressive) time series model, driven by stochastic noise with a linear dependence upon the NTR anomaly. The PDF is then determined from the fitted model parameters. The SGS distributions improve upon the Gaussian PDF high-water probabilities at varying thresholds throughout the year along all U.S. coasts, with significantly better estimates along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts during summer (apart from large hurricane events) and along the U.S. West Coast during winter (even though variability there is often dominated by monthly time scales and many locations have nearly Gaussian PDFs). For evaluating extreme high-water event probabilities, the SGS distribution is no more sensitive to limited observations than kernel density estimation or Generalized Extreme Value methods. Tail probabilities for all three methods are generally similar. Our results may contribute to more robust and accurate HTF forecasts and, more broadly, provide additional insight in developing adaptation and mitigation strategies for future sea level conditions.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlie Matthews, Christian Caruso, Charlotte Kell, Sophie Babbs, Thaís Parreira do Amaral, Beth Ducker, Greg Nowell, Silvio Solleliet-Ferreira
{"title":"“Nursery bays and hidden rays”: First insights into long-term monitoring of Bull Rays (Aetomylaeus bovinus) within the Maltese Archipelago","authors":"Charlie Matthews, Christian Caruso, Charlotte Kell, Sophie Babbs, Thaís Parreira do Amaral, Beth Ducker, Greg Nowell, Silvio Solleliet-Ferreira","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1653284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1653284","url":null,"abstract":"This study constitutes a novel quantitative assessment of <jats:italic>Aetomylaeus bovinus</jats:italic> distribution and demographics within the Maltese archipelago (MA, Central Mediterranean). According to the IUCN red list, <jats:italic>A. bovinus</jats:italic> is critically endangered, both globally and in the Mediterranean. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of its ecological attributes and behaviors is necessary for adequate conservation measures. Despite their crucial role in providing ecosystem services, information on batoids around the MA remains limited, raising concerns over their increasing population decline and extinction risk. During this fourteen-year-long study (2011-2024), photo-identification data were collected by members of Sharklab-Malta in conjunction with the Fly With Bull Rays (FWBR) program in order to identify site fidelity, population structure and temporal-spatial behavioral patterns of local <jats:italic>A. bovinus</jats:italic>. Seasonal patterns and relative abundance were also ascertained. A total of 859 surveys were conducted around the MA, with a total of 407 sightings of <jats:italic>A. bovinus</jats:italic> and the identification of 135 individuals. Approximately 44.8% of identified individuals were re-sighted at least once following initial observations, with multiple individuals showing high re-sighting rates across lengthy temporal periods and indicating site fidelity. Certain key areas in the NW, NE and E of Malta represent the greatest abundance of <jats:italic>A. bovinus</jats:italic> in the MA. The population is dominated by younger individuals, defined by disc width, with 97.7% of sightings consisting of young of the year to sub-adults. These data, in tandem with site fidelity, higher abundances of juveniles in these key areas and consistent use of these areas over the fourteen-year study period suggest that areas of the MA support a nursery function for <jats:italic>A. bovinus</jats:italic>. Anthropogenic stressors such as high touristic pressure, unregulated fishing and climate change are likely to impact key areas, posing a need for targeted conservation measures.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High potential microbial denitrification in non-hypoxic intermediate waters of the South China Sea basin","authors":"Jian Zeng, Baohong Chen, Guozong Shi, Yanyun Guan, Zesheng Zhuo","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1636874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1636874","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe discovery of microbial denitrification in non-extreme oxygen-deficient environments has drawn growing attention. At the same time, it is reshaping previous understanding of the spatial pattern of marine nitrogen (N) sinks. The non-hypoxic subsurface and intermediate waters of the South China Sea (SCS) basin possess potential favorable conditions for the occurrence of microbial denitrification, which are long-term overlooked and remained unexplored.MethodsMethods: In this study, a series of <jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N-isotope tracers incubation experiments, combined with functional genes characterizations and hydro-chemical parameters analysis, were conducted during cruise. Rigorous statistical analysis was performed to reveal the correlations between environmental variables and denitrifying activity.ResultsIt showed that representative denitrification functional genes (narG and nirS) are ubiquitously presented at moderate abundances (0.1×10<jats:sup>4</jats:sup>~12×10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> copies/L) across the water columns. In the intermediate waters (600~1500 m) with low dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation (20%~30%), weak in situ denitrification rates (0.2~1.1 nmol N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/L/d) were detected. However, under simulated anoxic conditions, active denitrification was detected in most sampling layers, with potential rates (0.2~33 nmol N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/L/d) comparable to those in typical oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs).DiscussionSignificant correlations between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC), contents with both denitrification rates and functional gene abundances were observed. It is inferred that low ambient DO levels, as well as hypoxic micro-niches in particulate matter, may together drive denitrification occurrence in the basin waters. Besides, particulate matter plays a critical role in influencing metabolic activity and spatial variability of denitrification in the basin. Since the mid-water of the SCS basin sustains a large particulate loading from terrestrial input and hydrodynamics, it is likely to maintain strong denitrification potential in the water body. We further propose a preliminary framework of coupling between particle transport driven by complex environmental dynamics and microbial N removal. Our study not only provides a potential implication for the need to re-evaluate the N budgets in the SCS basin, but also offers a new perspective of mechanism interpretation for microbial N removal in non-hypoxic marine environments.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Xu, Xiaojun Zhang, Haixia Yu, Peng Zhou, Dan Xu, Peipei Li, Xiaxia Chen
{"title":"An evolutionary game analysis of the promotion of shipborne low-temperature freezing technology for sea-caught shrimps among the government, fishermen, and consumers","authors":"Long Xu, Xiaojun Zhang, Haixia Yu, Peng Zhou, Dan Xu, Peipei Li, Xiaxia Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1675470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1675470","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of heightened focus on sustainable marine fisheries development, the Shipborne Low-Temperature Freezing Technology is crucial for enhancing the preservation effect of seafood, improving transportation efficiency, and reducing energy consumption. It plays a key role in the sustainable development of the fishery industry. This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving fishermen, consumers, and the government by using evolutionary game theory, and analyzes the interaction mechanism of the behaviors of the three parties. Based on field survey data, through model derivation and simulation, with results as follows: (1) Government subsidies positively influence choices at both the production and consumption ends. They incentivize fishermen to adopt Shipborne Low-Temperature Freezing Technology for storing wild-caught shrimp products, while also encouraging consumers to purchase shrimp products preserved through this technology. (2) Government subsidy structures have complex effects on the strategic choices of both fishermen and consumers. Expanding subsidies to fishermen positively impacts the adoption of Shipborne Low-Temperature Freezing Technology. (3) An appropriate online sales ratio can generate positive cross-channel effects, enabling the game system to reach an optimal equilibrium. In this state: Fishermen spontaneously adopt Shipborne Low-Temperature Freezing Technology; Consumers voluntarily purchase wild-caught shrimp preserved with Shipborne Low-Temperature Freezing Technology; The government withdraws subsidies for both fishermen and consumers.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging developments in China’s ship-induced oil pollution damage liability regime: a perspective from the revised draft of China’s maritime law","authors":"Runnan Ha, Linyun Wei, Haoguang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1678620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1678620","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines China’s evolving legal framework for ship-induced oil pollution damage liability system, focusing on the <jats:italic>2024 Draft Amendment to the Maritime Law</jats:italic>. Historically, the development of this system in China has been achieved through accession to international conventions, domestic legislative transformation, and the improvement of supporting systems. However, fragmented rules and outdated liability limits hindered effective compensation. <jats:italic>DAML</jats:italic> introduces a dedicated chapter on oil pollution damage, establishing strict liability for shipowners, defining compensation scope, and mandating an “Insurance and Fund” dual safeguard system. It further clarifies joint liability for multi-ship spills and conflict-of-law rules favoring the lex loci damni. The study argues that this revision bridges gaps between international standards and domestic law while addressing judicial inconsistencies. In order to refine this system, this article conducts an analysis in conjunction with <jats:italic>DAML</jats:italic> revision text and puts forward optimization suggestions from four perspectives: improving the legal system, providing case law guidance, enhancing government supervision, and perfecting supporting legal safeguards.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International law concerning the environmental protection in Arctic: what is left behind UNCLOS and the BBNJ Agreement?","authors":"Fangling Wu, Tiansheng Li","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1680697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1680697","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic region, with its unique and fragile ecosystem, faces significant challenges in environmental protection due to climate change, increasing human activities, and geopolitical tensions. This paper examines the international legal framework governing Arctic environmental protection, focusing on the roles and limitations of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement). While UNCLOS provides a foundational legal framework for ocean governance, its applicability in addressing Arctic environmental concerns should be acknowledged, as should the complementary role of the BBNJ Agreement. However, the lack of provisions specific to Arctic environmental issues creates a gap between the effectiveness of international law and the urgent need for a comprehensive legal regime tailored to the Arctic context. Furthermore, the supplementary role of the BBNJ Agreement to UNCLOS remains limited. By highlighting key challenges in the implementation of international law, including disputes over Article 234 of UNCLOS, this study underscores the urgent need for a more robust and cohesive international legal approach to ensure the sustainable future of the Arctic environment, and concludes with appropriate recommendations.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangwei Wang, Wenle Luo, Xuexue Zhang, Gege Sun, Fangle Tong, Zehong Wei, Wenjie Luo
{"title":"Effect of different fishmeal levels in diets on growth performance, tissue morphology, intestinal microflora, and muscle volatile compounds of grass carp","authors":"Guangwei Wang, Wenle Luo, Xuexue Zhang, Gege Sun, Fangle Tong, Zehong Wei, Wenjie Luo","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1659376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1659376","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionFishmeal is beneficial to the growth performance of grass carp. However, it remains unclear whether fishmeal can enhance the flavor of muscle, and contribute to the regulatory mechanisms involved in its interaction with the intestinal microbiome.MethodsIn this study, grass carp (70.01 ± 5.34 g) were fed with diets containing 0% (FL), 3% (FM), and 6% (FH) fishmeal for 60 days. The growth performance, intestinal and muscle histomorphology, intestinal microflora, and muscle volatile compounds (VOCs) were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that compared with the FL group, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and intestinal villus height of grass carp in the FM and FH groups were significantly increased. Compared with the FL and FM groups, the muscle fiber density in the FH group was significantly increased, and the muscle fiber diameter was significantly reduced. Microbial data analysis found that the three treatment groups were well separated in the NMDS plot, and different levels of fishmeal had a significant impact on microbial community composition (Stress = 0.084). In the LefSe analysis (LDA value &gt; 3.0), <jats:italic>Actinobacteria</jats:italic> in the FL group, <jats:italic>Petrimonas</jats:italic> in the FM group, Bacteroides <jats:italic>paurosaccharolyticus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Erysipelatostridiaceae</jats:italic> in the FH group all showed significant responses. The intestinal microbiota composition was closer in the FM and FH groups compared with the FL group. GC-IMS analysis indicated that 53 VOCs were detected in the muscle. The FL group had fewer VOCs, and most of the VOCs had lower contents than those in the FH group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that aldehydes were significantly positively correlated with <jats:italic>Corynebacterium, Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Aeromonas, Shewanella</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Vibrio</jats:italic>.DiscussionBased on the evaluation of growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microflora, the diet containing 3% fishmeal is suitable. However, the muscle fiber characteristics and VOCs profile of grass carp fed with 6% fishmeal diet is superior to that of the 3% fishmeal group.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tidal modulation and temporal dynamics of methane emissions at the Formosa Ridge: insights from in-situ observations","authors":"Xiong Zhang, Zhendong Luan, Zengfeng Du, Lianfu Li, Shichuan Xi, Chao Lian, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1633033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1633033","url":null,"abstract":"Methane emissions from cold seeps play an important role in oceanic carbon cycling and climate regulation, yet their temporal dynamics and controlling mechanisms remain poorly understood. We conducted long-term in situ monitoring at the Formosa Ridge (Site F), southwest of Taiwan, using a self-developed ocean observation platform that integrates an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensors, current meters, and other instruments, enabling multi-parameter correlation analysis. The observations revealed pronounced temporal variability in gas emissions, with emission intensity closely correlated with bottom pressure fluctuations controlled by tidal cycles. The results suggest that hydrostatic pressure changes promote or inhibit hydraulic fracturing, thereby modulating gas release. These findings support a conceptual model of the seep’s fluid system, characterized by a constant subsurface methane supply and tidally modulated episodic bubble discharge, a mechanism likely applicable to other cold seep environments globally and offering new insights into the dynamics of marine methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}