Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Decoding the enigma: unveiling the transmission characteristics of waterfowl-associated <i>bla</i> _NDM-5-positive <i>Escherichia coli</i> in select regions of China.","authors":"Shaqiu Zhang, Yanxi Shu, Zhechen Yang, Zhijun Zhong, Mingshu Wang, Renyong Jia, Shun Chen, Mafeng Liu, Dekang Zhu, Xinxin Zhao, Ying Wu, Qiao Yang, Juan Huang, Xumin Ou, Di Sun, Bin Tian, Zhen Wu, Yu He, Anchun Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1501594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1501594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) serves as a critical indicator microorganism for assessing the prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, notably harboring various antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). Among these, the emergence of the <i>bla</i> _NDM gene represents a significant threat to public health, especially since carbapenem antibiotics are vital for treating severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to characterize the antibiotic resistance features of <i>bla</i> _NDM-5-positive <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from waterfowl in several regions of China and elucidate the dissemination patterns of the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 gene. We successfully isolated 103 <i>bla</i> _NDM-5-positive <i>E. coli</i> strains from 431 intestinal fecal samples obtained from waterfowl across five provincial-level units in China, with all strains exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Notably, the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 gene was identified on plasmids, which facilitate efficient and stable horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Our adaptability assays indicated that while the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5-positive plasmid imposed a fitness cost on the host bacteria, the NDM-5 protein was successfully induced and purified, exhibiting significant enzymatic activity. One strain, designated DY51, exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for imipenem of 4 mg/L, which escalated to 512 mg/L following exposure to increasing imipenem doses. This altered strain demonstrated stable resistance to imipenem alongside improved adaptability, correlating with elevated relative expression levels of the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 and overexpression of efflux pumps. Collectively, this study highlights the horizontal dissemination of the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 plasmid among <i>E. coli</i> strains, confirms the associated fitness costs, and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the stable increase in antibiotic resistance to imipenem. These findings offer a theoretical framework for understanding the dissemination dynamics of <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 in <i>E. coli</i>, which is essential for developing effective strategies to combat carbapenem antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1501594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Recent advances in biotechnological applications of microbial secondary metabolites.","authors":"Ragini Bodade, Ajay Kumar, Vijay K Sharma, Paola Angelini","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1525146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1525146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1525146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High activity and specificity of bacteriophage cocktails against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> belonging to the high-risk clones CG258 and ST307.","authors":"Sara Tellez-Carrasquilla, Lorena Salazar-Ospina, J Natalia Jiménez","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1502593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1502593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The widespread clinical and environmental dissemination of successful clones of carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) represents a serious global public health threat. In this context, lytic bacteriophages have emerged as a promising alternative for controlling these pathogens. This study describes the biological, structural, and genomic characteristics of lytic bacteriophages against the high-risk CRKP clones CG258 and ST307 and describes their performance in combination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental study was carried out. Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital wastewater and from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Bacteriophages were isolated using the double layer agar technique and their characterization included host range (individual and cocktail), plating efficiency (EOP), infection or bacterial killing curve, one-step curve, bacteriophage stability at pH and temperature conditions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After purification, five active bacteriophages against CRKP were obtained, three bacteriophages (FKP3, FKP4 and FKP14) had targeted activities against CG258 CRKP and two (FKP10 and FKP12) against ST307 isolates. Seven cocktails were prepared, of which Cocktail 2, made up of the bacteriophages FKP3, FKP10, and FKP14, showed the best activity against 85.7% (<i>n</i> = 36/42) of CRKP isolates belonging to both clones, CG258 (80.8%; <i>n</i> = 21/26) and ST307 (93.8%, <i>n</i> = 15/16). The efficiency of the plating (EOP), infection curve, and one-step growth curve showed that the cocktail phages efficiently infected other CRKP isolates (EOP ≥ 0.5), controlled bacterial growth up to 73.5%, and had short latency periods, respectively, (5-10 min). In addition, they were stable at temperatures between 4°C and 50°C and pH between 4 and 10. All bacteriophages belonged to the <i>Caudoviricetes</i> class, and no genes associated with virulence factors or antibiotic resistance were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings showed bacteriophages and phage cocktails with high specificity against CRKP belonging to the successful clones CG258 and ST307 with promising characteristics, making them an alternative for controlling these clones in different environmental or health settings, biocontrol agents, or disinfectants in industry and in the field of diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1502593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformable multi-level feature network applied to nucleus segmentation.","authors":"Shulei Chang, Tingting Yang, Bowen Yin, Jiayi Zhang, Liang Ma, Yanhui Ding, Xiaodan Sui","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The nucleus plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis, and accurate nucleus segmentation is essential for disease assessment. However, existing methods have limitations in handling the diversity of nuclei and differences in staining conditions, restricting their practical application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel deformable multi-level feature network (DMFNet) is proposed for nucleus segmentation. This network is based on convolutional neural network and divides feature processing and mask generation into two levels. At the feature level, deformable convolution is used to enhance feature extraction ability, and multi-scale features are integrated through a balanced feature pyramid. At the mask level, a one-stage framework is adopted to directly perform instance segmentation based on location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental results on the MoNuSeg 2018 dataset show that the mean average precision (mAP) and mean average recall (mAR) of DMFNet reach 37.8% and 47.4% respectively, outperforming many current advanced methods. Ablation experiments verified the effectiveness of each module of the network.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DMFNet provides an effective solution for nucleus segmentation and has important application value in medical image analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1519871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual suppression of <i>Glossina pallidipes</i> using entomopathogenic fungal-based biopesticides and sterile insect technique.","authors":"Fidelis L O Ombura, Adly M M Abd-Alla, Komivi S Akutse, Steven Runo, Paul O Mireji, Rosemary Bateta, Joseck E Otiwi, Inusa J Ajene, Fathiya M Khamis","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1472324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1472324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tsetse flies and trypanosomosis significantly impact bovine production and human health in sub-Saharan Africa, exacerbating underdevelopment, malnutrition, and poverty. Despite various control strategies, long-term success has been limited. This study evaluates the combined use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and the sterile insect technique (SIT) to combat tsetse flies. Eleven EPF isolates were tested against teneral males of <i>Glossina pallidipes</i>, focusing on mortality rates, radial growth, and impacts on fly fitness. Temperature effects on conidial growth, sporulation, and spore yield of SIT-compatible/tolerant strains were also assessed. The fungal isolates significantly influenced mortality rates in both unirradiated and irradiated (SIT-treated) males (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> strains ICIPE 20, ICIPE 32, ICIPE 41, ICIPE 62, ICIPE 78, and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> ICIPE 603 showed higher SIT compatibility/tolerance with LT₅₀ values of 11-30 days, compared to other more virulent isolates with LT₅₀ values of 4-9 days. Temperature significantly affected the radial growth of SIT-compatible EPF strains (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with <i>M. anisopliae</i> ICIPE 78 exhibiting the fastest conidia growth at 25°C. Spore yield varied significantly across temperatures (15-40°C), and the thermal range for conidia germination of SIT-compatible strains was 8.1-45.4°C, with an optimal range of 26.7-31.1°C. Moreover, infected unirradiated females and irradiated males (donors) successfully transmitted conidia to untreated flies (receivers) without significant differences in survival rates (<i>p</i> = 0.6438) and no observed sex dimorphism. Our findings highlight the potential of combining EPF and SIT as a novel dual approach that could effectively and synergistically suppress tsetse fly populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1472324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of zinc pre-exposure on ciprofloxacin resistance development in <i>E. coli</i>.","authors":"Mark P Suprenant, Carly Ching, Neila Gross, Indorica Sutradhar, Jessica E Anderson, Nourhan El Sherif, Muhammad H Zaman","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1491532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1491532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis that is predicted to worsen in the coming years. While improper antibiotic usage is an established driver, less is known about the impact of other endogenous and exogeneous environmental factors, such as metals, on AMR. One metal of interest is zinc as it is often used as a supplement for diarrhea treatment prior to antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Here, we probed the impact of zinc on ciprofloxacin resistance in <i>E. coli</i> via altering zinc exposure time and order. We found that the order of exposure to zinc impacted resistance development. These impacted samples then underwent whole genome and RNA sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zinc pre-exposure led to a subsequent acceleration of ciprofloxacin resistance. Specifically, we saw that 5 days of zinc pre-exposure led samples to have nearly a 4× and 3× higher MIC after 2 and 3 days of subinhibitory antibiotics, respectively, compared to samples not pre-exposed to zinc, but only if ciprofloxacin exposure happened in the absence of zinc. Additionally, for samples that underwent the same pre-exposure treatment, those exposed to a combination of zinc and ciprofloxacin saw delayed ciprofloxacin resistance compared to those exposed to only ciprofloxacin resulting in up to a 5× lower MIC within the first 2 days of antibiotic exposure. We did not observe any genetic changes or changes in antibiotic tolerance in cells after zinc pre-exposure, suggesting changes in gene expression may underlie these phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results highlight the need to reexamine the role of zinc, and supplements more broadly, on antibiotic resistance evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1491532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strains isolated from different sources on the growth of <i>Capsicum annum</i>.","authors":"Bao Wang, Shimeng Tan, Mingde Wu, Yujie Feng, Wanrong Yan, Qian Yun, Xuncong Ji, Runmao Lin, Zhixiang Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial inoculants offer an environmentally friendly approach to enhance plant growth and control disease. In this study, two <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strains, HKSSLJEBR3 (R3) and Ya-1 were isolated from pepper plant roots and tropical rainforest soil, respectively. Both strains exhibited strong antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>capsici</i>, with inhibition rates of 48.54 ± 0.66% for R3 and 49.35 ± 1.44% for Ya-1. In greenhouse trials, R3 significantly boosted pepper growth, with a 22.12% increase in plant height, 46.44% more leaves, and 56.29% greater fresh weight. These enhancements were likely due to the strong affinity between R3 and pepper plants. Both strains also improved soil quality, with R3 increasing available potassium (AK) by 5.13% and soil organic matter (SOM) by 4.03%, while Ya-1 showed more significant increases. Metagenomic analysis revealed that both strains altered the rhizosphere microbiome, with R3 promoting <i>Pseudomonas</i> and suppressing <i>Fusarium</i>. These results suggest that the R3 strain has strong potential for enhancing pepper growth, improving soil health, and reshaping the rhizosphere microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota has important roles in the obstructive sleep apnea-induced inflammation and consequent neurocognitive impairment.","authors":"Mingxing Tang, Yongliang Wu, Junyi Liang, Shuai Yang, Zuofeng Huang, Jing Hu, Qiong Yang, Fei Liu, Shuo Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1457348","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1457348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state of sleep disorder, characterized by repetitive episodes of apnea and chronic intermittent hypoxia. OSA has an extremely high prevalence worldwide and represents a serious challenge to public health, yet its severity is frequently underestimated. It is now well established that neurocognitive dysfunction, manifested as deficits in attention, memory, and executive functions, is a common complication observed in patients with OSA, whereas the specific pathogenesis remains poorly understood, despite the likelihood of involvement of inflammation. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art, demonstrating the intimacy of OSA with inflammation and cognitive impairment. Subsequently, we present the recent findings on the investigation of gut microbiota alteration in the OSA conditions, based on both patients-based clinical studies and animal models of OSA. We present an insightful discussion on the role of changes in the abundance of specific gut microbial members, including short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producers and/or microbes with pathogenic potential, in the pathogenesis of inflammation and further cognitive dysfunction. The transplantation of fecal microbiota from the mouse model of OSA can elicit inflammation and neurobehavioral disorders in naïve mice, thereby validating the causal relationship to inflammation and cognitive abnormality. This work calls for greater attention on OSA and the associated inflammation, which require timely and effective therapy to protect the brain from irreversible damage. This work also suggests that modification of the gut microbiota using prebiotics, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation may represent a potential adjuvant therapy for OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1457348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted dual-receptor phage cocktail against <i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i>: insights into phage-host interactions and resistance mechanisms.","authors":"Seongok Kim, Bokyung Son, Yeran Kim, Hyeongsoon Kim, Gahyeon Nam, Hakdong Shin, Sangryeol Ryu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468686","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Cronobacter sakazakii</i> is a notorious foodborne pathogen, frequently contaminating powdered infant formula and causing life-threatening diseases in infants. The escalating emergence of antibiotics-resistant mutants has led to increased interest in using bacteriophage as an alternative antimicrobial agent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two phages, CR8 and S13, were isolated from feces and soil samples and their morphology, physiology, and genomics were characterized. Phage receptor was determined using deletion mutants lacking <i>flgK, rfaC, fhuA, btuB, lamb</i>, or <i>ompC</i> genes, followed by complementation. Phage-resistant mutants were analyzed for phenotypic changes and fitness trade-offs using motility assays and Caco-2 cell invasion models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CR8 and S13 were identified as members of <i>Caudoviricetes</i>. Phage CR8 and phage S13 utilize flagella and LPS, respectively, to adhere to host cells. Bacterial challenge assay demonstrated delayed emergence of the resistant mutant as well as stronger lytic activity of a phage cocktail consisting of CR8 and S13 than the single phage treatment. Phenotypic analysis of the phage cocktail resistant strain, designated as CSR strain, revealed that the resistance resulted from the impaired receptor proteins for phage, such as defects in motility and alteration in LPS structure. CSR strain exhibited significant attenuation in invading human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells compared to WT cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that the development of the phage cocktail targeting distinct host receptors can serve as a promising antimicrobial strategy to effectively control <i>C. sakazakii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1468686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Vaccines for African swine fever: an update.","authors":"Hongliang Zhang, Saisai Zhao, Haojie Zhang, Zhihua Qin, Hu Shan, Xiulei Cai","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1529175","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1529175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139494.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1529175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11659260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}