Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of research on gut microbiota and bile acids: publication trends and research frontiers.","authors":"Xin Li, Can Lu, Xue Mao, Jiahong Fan, Jianting Yao, Jingjie Jiang, Lele Wu, Jingjing Ren, Jun Shen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433910","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota is widely regarded as a \"metabolic organ\" that could generate myriad metabolites to regulate human metabolism. As the microbiota metabolites, bile acids (BAs) have recently been identified as the critical endocrine molecules that mediate the cross-talk between the host and intestinal microbiota. This study provided a comprehensive insight into the gut microbiota and BA research through bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2022. The publications on this subject showed a dramatic upward trend. Although the USA and China have produced the most publications, the USA plays a dominant role in this expanding field. Specifically, the University of Copenhagen was the most productive institution. Key research hotspots are the gut-liver axis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cardiovascular disease (CVD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and the farnesoid x receptor (FXR). The molecular mechanisms and potential applications of the gut microbiota and BAs in cardiometabolic disorders and gastrointestinal cancers have significant potential for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer-specific microbiome in peripheral circulation and cancer tissues.","authors":"Shushan Yan, Tie Liu, Haobin Zhao, Chunbo Zhao, Yuxin Zhu, Wenqing Dai, Wenchang Sun, Honggang Wang, Junxi Sun, Lu Zhao, Donghua Xu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422536","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1422536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accumulating evidence has supported that gut microbiota and metabolite profiles play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, alterations in tumoral or circulating microbiomes in CRC remain incompletely understood. It has been well-documented that tissue or serum microbiomes with low microbial biomass could be screened by use of 2bRAD sequencing for microbiome (2bRAD-M) at the species resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to validate the microbial biomarkers distinguishing CRC and the variations in microorganisms present in serum and tumors, we performed 2bRAD-M to characterize the microbiomes in serum and cancer tissues of CRC patients with and without lymph node or liver metastasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The composition of dominated microbiota in serum was different from that of tissue samples, while the microbial community composition of tumors was similar to that of the tumor-adjacent tissues. The analysis of α-diversity and β-diversity has revealed notable variations in serum microbiota diversities in CRC patients, particularly those with liver metastasis. Multiple CRC-specific microbial species, such as Moraxella A cinereus, Flavobacterium sp001800905, and <i>Acinetobacter albensis</i>, were identified in serum. Complicated functions and KEGG pathways were also confirmed in CRC according to the metastasis status.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study has found significant alterations in the microbial compositions and diversities in CRC and CRC-specific microbial species in both circulation and cancer tissues, which may serve as promising biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis and prognosis prediction of CRC. In particular, CRC-specific bacterial taxa are promising markers, holding transformative potentials in establishing personalized screening and risk stratification, refining much earlier non-invasive diagnostic approaches, and enhancing diagnostic sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature of back slopping kombucha fermentation process: insights from the microbial succession, metabolites composition changes and their correlations.","authors":"Ting Liao, Xiang-Ru Li, Li Fan, Bo Zhang, Wei-Ming Zheng, Jia-Jia Hua, Li Li, Norlia Mahror, Lai-Hoong Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433127","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kombucha, a fermented tea prepared with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), offers a unique and unpredictable home-brewed fermentation process. Therefore, the need for a controlled kombucha fermentation process has become evident, which requiring a thorough understanding of the microbial composition and its relationship with the metabolites produced. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microbial communities and metabolites over a 12-day fermentation period of a conventional kombucha-making process. Our findings revealed similarities between the microbial communities in the early (0-2 days) and late (10-12 days) fermentation periods, supporting the principle of back-slopping fermentation. Untargeted metabolite analysis unveiled the presence of harmful biogenic amines in the produced kombucha, with concentrations increasing progressively throughout fermentation, albeit showing relatively lower abundance on days 8 and 12. Additionally, a contrasting trend between ethanol and caffeine content was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis highlighted strong positive correlations between specific bacterial/yeast strains and identified metabolites. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the microbial and metabolite dynamics of kombucha fermentation, emphasizing the importance of microbial control and quality assurance measures in the production process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites in type II diabetic rats.","authors":"Jinyao Xu, Zhenkai Zou, Xuanyi Li, Xiangjun Sun, Xufeng Wang, Feng Qin, Abulikemu Abulizi, Qian Chen, Zhigang Pan, Hexiao Shen, Yongling Lv, Ruicheng Yan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429360","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLT) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been reported to have a significant therapeutic effect in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we constructed a T2DM rat model by feeding a high-fat diet and injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and tested the effects of feeding GGQLT and fecal transplantation on the physiological indices, microbiota, and metabolism of rats. The results showed that the administration of GGQLT can significantly improve the growth performance of rats and has a remarkable antihyperlipidemic effect. In addition, GGQLT altered the composition of gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria such as <i>Coprococcus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>. In addition, GGQLT elevated levels of specific bile acids by metabolomic analysis, potentially contributing to improvements in lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that GGQLT may have beneficial effects on T2DM by influencing lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its mechanisms and assess clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ginkgolic Acid</i> as a carbapenem synergist against KPC-2 positive <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.","authors":"Yuping Song, Yinuo Zou, Lei Xu, Jianfeng Wang, Xuming Deng, Yonglin Zhou, Dan Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426603","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1426603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The successful evolution of KPC-2 in bacteria has limited the clinical practice of carbapenems. This dilemma deteriorated the prognosis of associated infections and hence attracted increasing attention from researchers to explore alternative therapeutic options. Here, the enzyme inhibition assay was first performed to screen for a potent KPC-2 inhibitor. The synergistic effect of the candidate with carbapenems was further confirmed by checkboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, time-killing assay, disk diffusion method, and live/dead bacteria staining analysis. The mechanisms by which the candidate acts were subsequently explored through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, etc. Our study found that <i>Ginkgolic Acid</i> (C13:0) (GA) exhibited effective KPC-2 inhibitory activity in both laboratory strain and clinical strain containing KPC-2. It could potentiate the killing effect of carbapenems on KPC-2-positive <i>Klebsiella pnenmoniae</i> <i>(K. pnenmoniae)</i>. Further explorations revealed that GA could competitively bind to the active pocket of KPC-2 with meropenem (MEM) via residues Trp_104, Gly_235, and Leu₁₆₆. The secondary structure and functional groups of KPC-2 were subsequently altered, which may be the main mechanism by which GA exerted its KPC-2 inhibitory effect. In addition, GA was also found to synergize with MEM to disrupt membrane integrity and increase membrane permeability, which may be another mechanism by which GA reinforced the bactericidal ability of carbapenems. Our study indicated that GA was a significant KPC-2 inhibitor that could prolong the lifespan of carbapenems and improve the prognosis of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6-gingerol and its derivatives inhibit <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and improve gastrin and somatostatin secretion.","authors":"Jiali Qian, Zhennan Li, Jinhui Wang, Yuxian Lin, Yingcong Yu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451563","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) has increased in recent years, prompting a trend in the research and development of new drugs. In our study, three derivatives (JF-1, JF-2, and JF-3) were synthesized using 6-gingerol as the main component, while JF-4, containing both 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol as the main components, was extracted from dried ginger. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), determined using the ratio dilution method, were 80 μg/mL for JF-1, 40 μg/mL for JF-2, 30 μg/mL for JF-3, 40 μg/mL for JF-4, 60 μg/mL for 6-gingerol standard (SS), and 0.03 μg/mL for amoxicillin (AMX). After treating <i>H. pylori</i>-infected mice, the inflammation of the gastric mucosa was suppressed. The eradication rate of <i>H. pylori</i> was 16.7% of JF-3 low-dose treatment (LDT), 25.0% of JF-3 high-dose treatment (HDT), 16.7% of JF-4 LDT, 16.7% of JF-4 HDT, 30% of SS LDT, 50% of SS HDT, and 36.4% of the positive control group (PCG). The levels of gastrin, somatostatin (SST), IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-8 were significantly recovered in the JF-3 and JF-4 administration groups, but the effect was stronger in the high-dose group. These results demonstrate that 6-gingerol and its derivatives have significant anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> effects and are promising potential treatments for <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected role of microelements in determining soil microbial communities and fruit micronutrients in loquat orchards.","authors":"Xianting Wang, Li Wang, Bibo Wu, Zhaofeng Yuan, Yingying Zhong, Lin Qi, Miao Wang, Yuping Wu, Tida Ge, Zhenke Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447921","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationships among microelements and soil microbial communities are essential for understanding the maintenance of soil's ecological functions and their effects on fruit quality in orchards. However, these relationships have not been adequately studied, despite the importance of microelements for the growth of microorganisms and plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this research gap, we investigated the relationships among microelements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu), the diversity and composition of soil microbiomes, and fruit quality in loquat orchards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that microelements explained more variations in microbial community structures than geographic position, basic soil properties, and macroelements, with 19.6-42.6% of bacterial, 4.3-27.7% of fungal, and 5.9-18.8% of protistan genera significantly correlated with microelements. Among the microelements, AMg and ACu were the most influential in determining the soil microbiome. The soil microbes exhibited varied threshold values for environmental breadth among the microelements, with the broadest range for AMg and the narrowest for AZn. Additionally, the microbes showed significant phylogenetic signals for all microelements, with an increasing divergence of soil microelements. The dominant community assembly shifted from homogeneous selection to stochastic, and then to heterogeneous selection. Moreover, microelements and the microbiome were the top two factors individually explaining 11.0 and 11.4% of fruit quality variation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results highlight the importance of microelement fertilization in orchard management and provide scientific guidance for improving fruit quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cirrhosis: a focus on gut microbiota.","authors":"Siyuan Sun, Guangheng Zhang, Shimeng Lv, Jinhui Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407991","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cirrhosis, a pathological stage that develops from various chronic liver diseases, is characterized by liver fibrosis, pseudolobular formation, and chronic inflammation. When it progresses to the decompensated phase, the mortality rate of cirrhosis can reach 80%. The role of gut microbiota in the progression of liver diseases has received significant attention. Numerous studies have shown that regulating gut microbiota has significant therapeutic effects on preventing and reversing liver cirrhosis. This article reviewed the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence liver cirrhosis, explaining the effective therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine. Through multi-directional regulation involving signaling pathways, gut microbiota diversity, and restoration of intestinal barrier function, traditional Chinese medicine has been promising in ameliorating liver cirrhosis, providing treatment options and pharmacological guidance for the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective pan-serotype dengue vaccine and enhanced control strategies could help in reducing the severe dengue burden in Bangladesh-A perspective.","authors":"Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Humayra Nazneen, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423044","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is an important vector-borne disease occurring globally. Dengue virus (DENV) infection can result in a potentially life-threatening disease. To date, no DENV-specific antiviral treatment is available. Moreover, an equally effective pan-serotype dengue virus vaccine is not available. Recently, two DENV vaccines, Dengvaxia and Qdenga, were licensed for limited use. However, none of them have been approved in Bangladesh. DENV is transmitted by <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes, and global warming caused by climate change favoring <i>Aedes</i> breeding plays an important role in increasing DENV infections in Bangladesh. Dengue is a serious public health concern in Bangladesh. In the year 2023, Bangladesh witnessed its largest dengue outbreak, with the highest number of dengue cases (<i>n</i> = 321,179) and dengue-related deaths (<i>n</i> = 1,705) in a single epidemic year. There is an increased risk of severe dengue in individuals with preexisting DENV-specific immunoglobulin G if the individuals become infected with different DENV serotypes. To date, vector control has remained the mainstay for controlling dengue; therefore, an immediate, strengthened, and effective vector control program is critical and should be regularly performed for controlling dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. In addition, the use of DENV vaccine in curbing dengue epidemics in Bangladesh requires more consideration and judgment by the respective authority of Bangladesh. This review provides perspectives on the control and prevention of dengue outbreaks. We also discuss the challenges of DENV vaccine use to reduce dengue epidemics infection in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial colonization of gypsum: from the fossil record to the present day.","authors":"Jan Jehlička, Aharon Oren, Petr Vítek, Jacek Wierzchos","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397437","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms inhabiting gypsum have been observed in environments that differ greatly in water availability. Gypsum colonized by microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and diverse heterotrophic communities, occurs in hot, arid or even hyperarid environments, in cold environments of the Antarctic and Arctic zones, and in saline and hypersaline lakes and ponds where gypsum precipitates. Fossilized microbial remnants preserved in gypsum were also reported. Gypsum protects the endolithic microbial communities against excessive insolation and ultraviolet radiation, while allowing photosynthetically active radiation to penetrate through the mineral substrate. We here review the worldwide occurrences of microbially colonized gypsum and the specific properties of gypsum related to its function as a substrate and habitat for microbial life on Earth and possibly beyond. Methods for detecting and characterizing endolithic communities and their biomarkers in gypsum are discussed, including microscopic, spectroscopic, chemical, and molecular biological techniques. The modes of adaptation of different microorganisms to life within gypsum crystals under different environmental conditions are described. Finally, we discuss gypsum deposits as possible targets for the search for microbial life or its remnants beyond Earth, especially on Mars, where sulfate-rich deposits occur, and propose strategies to detect them during space exploration missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}