Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Dysbiosis index and fecal concentrations of sterols, long-chain fatty acids and unconjugated bile acids in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy.","authors":"Federica Cagnasso, Jan S Suchodolski, Antonio Borrelli, Franca Borella, Enrico Bottero, Elena Benvenuti, Riccardo Ferriani, M Katherine Tolbert, Chih-Chun Chen, Paula R Giaretta, Paola Gianella","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433175","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Canine protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal loss of proteins. While fecal microbiome and metabolome perturbations have been reported in dogs with chronic enteropathy, they have not been widely studied in dogs with PLE. Therefore, the study aims were to investigate gut microbiome and targeted fecal metabolites in dogs with inflammatory PLE (iPLE) and evaluate whether treatment affects these changes at short-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight dogs with PLE and histopathological evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation and 47 healthy dogs were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected before endoscopy (T0) and after one month of therapy (T1). Microbiome and metabolome alterations were investigated using qPCR assays (dysbiosis index, DI) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (long-chain fatty acids, sterols, unconjugated bile acids), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median (min-max) DI of iPLE dogs was 0.4 (-5.9 to 7.7) and was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) than median DI in healthy dogs [-2.0 (-6.0 to 5.3)]. No significant associations were found between DI and selected clinicopathological variables. DI did not significantly differ between T0 and T1. In iPLE dogs, at T0, myristic, palmitic, linoleic, oleic, cis-vaccenic, stearic, arachidonic, gondoic, docosanoic, erucic, and nervonic acids were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) than healthy dogs. In iPLE dogs, oleic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.044), stearic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.013), erucic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.018) and nervonic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were significantly decreased at T1. At T0, cholesterol and lathosterol (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) were significantly higher in iPLE dogs compared to healthy dogs, while total measured phytosterols were significantly lower (<i>p</i> = 0.001). No significant differences in total sterols, total phytosterols and total zoosterols content were found at T1, compared to T0. At T0, total primary bile acids and total secondary bile acids did not significantly differ between healthy control dogs and iPLE dogs. No significant differences in fecal bile acid content were found at T1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dysbiosis and lipid metabolism perturbations were observed in dogs with iPLE. Different therapeutic protocols lead to an improvement of some but not all metabolome perturbations at short-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From marine neglected substrata new fungal taxa of potential biotechnological interest: the case of <i>Pelagia noctiluca</i>.","authors":"Marcella Pasqualetti, Martina Braconcini, Paolo Barghini, Susanna Gorrasi, Domenico Schillaci, Donatella Ferraro, Gerardo Della Sala, Simona De Marino, Massimiliano Fenice","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1473269","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1473269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The marine environment is extremely complex and exerts strong evolutionary pressure often leading to the appearance of microbial strains with new metabolic competencies. Microorganisms in marine ecosystems are still largely unknown and should be explored and conserved for biodiversity preservation, possible ecosystem restoring, and other applications. Biodiversity conservation should become a basic ecological strategy of particular significance in relation to global change. In this context, the present research aimed at exploring the culturable mycobiota associated with the jellyfish <i>Pelagia noctiluca,</i> never studied before. In addition, the isolated strains were tested for potential application (antimicrobial activity and presence of genes related to the production of secondary metabolites).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five jellyfishes were collected in the coastal area of Giglio Island and processed to isolate epizoic fungi. The strains were identified using a polyphasic approach (morphological, physiological, and molecular) and their salt preference was also investigated. The antifungal and antibacterial activity were tested for each strain with agar plug diffusion test. The presence of some key genes related to the main pathways for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi, polyketide synthases (PKSs), and non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPSs), was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 164 isolates were obtained; after the dereplication, 40 morphotypes, and 23 species were identified. The phylogenetic analyses suggested the presence of new taxa belonging to Pleosporales: two new genera and species, and a new species of <i>Tamaricicola</i>. The detected mycobiota showed a relatively high diversity, if compared to other epizoic fungal communities. All isolated strains were marine fungi as confirmed by their salt preference and marked euryhalinism. The genes related to the two main pathways for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi, PKSs and NRPSs, were identified in four and nine strains, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was revealed in 70% of the strains, including the new taxa. The abundance of bioactive strains may be related to the potential involvement of epizoic fungi in host defense strategies. Moreover, these strains could show a high potential for further biotechnological applications particularly in the case of new taxa. All strains are maintained in culture collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular insights of cyanobacterial bioremediations of heavy metals: the current and the future challenges.","authors":"Jinita Lourembam, Banaraj Haobam, Kshetrimayum Birla Singh, Savita Verma, Jay Prakash Rajan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1450992","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1450992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, overexplorations of ore and the growth of industries are the prime factors in the release of heavy metals in environments. As a result, the food crops and water bodies are contaminated with metals which may have several adverse effects on the health of humans and other living species. These metals and metalloids, such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As, upset the biochemical pathways of metabolite synthesis in living organisms and contribute to the etiology of different diseases. Microorganisms include bacteria, archaea, viruses, and many unicellular eukaryotes, which can span three domains of life-Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya-and some microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, have shown high efficiency in the biosorption rate of heavy metals. Cyanobacteria are suitable for bioremediation as they can grow in adverse environments, have a less negative impact on the surrounding environment, and are relatively cheaper to manage. The structure of cyanobacteria has shown no extensive internal-bound membranes, so it can directly employ the physiological mechanisms to uptake heavy metals from contamination sites. Such biochemical makeups are suitable for managing and bioremediating heavy metal concentrations in polluted environments. This review aims to explore the potential of cyanobacteria in the bioremediation of heavy metals and metalloids in water bodies. Additionally, we have identified the prospects for enhancing bioremediation effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Interferon response against viral infections.","authors":"Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto, Jose Angel Regla-Nava, Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1496035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1496035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of novel narrow-spectrum benzofuroxan derivatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis through <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> approaches.","authors":"Débora Leite Campos, Christian Shleider Carnero Canales, Fernanda Manaia Demarqui, Guilherme F S Fernandes, Camila Gonçalves Dos Santos, João Lucas B Prates, Ingrid Gracielle Martins da Silva, Karine Brenda Barros-Cordeiro, Sônia Nair Báo, Leonardo Neves de Andrade, Nathália Abichabki, Luísa Vieira Zacharias, Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos, Jean Leandro Dos Santos, Fernando Rogério Pavan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1487829","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1487829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis remains a serious global health threat, exacerbated by the rise of resistant strains. This study investigates the potential of two benzofuroxan (<i>Bfx</i>) derivatives, 5n and 5b, as targeted treatments for MDR-TB using <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> methodologies. <i>In vitro</i> analyses showed that <i>Bfx</i> compounds have significant activity against <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv, with <i>Bfx</i> 5n standing out with a MIC₉₀ of 0.09 ± 0.04 μM. Additionally, their efficacy against MDR and pre-XDR strains was superior compared to commercial drugs. These <i>Bfx</i> compounds have a narrow spectrum for mycobacteria, which helps avoid dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and they also exhibit high selectivity and low toxicity. Synergism studies indicate that <i>Bfx</i> derivatives could be combined with rifampicin to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce its duration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe damage to the morphology of <i>Mtb</i> following treatment with <i>Bfx</i> 5n, showing significant distortions in the bacillary structures. Whole-genome sequencing of the 5n-resistant isolate suggests resistance mechanisms mediated by the Rv1855c gene, supported by <i>in silico</i> studies. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed that the 5n compound reduced the pulmonary load by 3.0 log₁₀ CFU/mL, demonstrating superiority over rifampicin, which achieved a reduction of 1.23 log₁₀ CFU/mL. In conclusion, <i>Bfx</i> derivatives, especially 5n, effectively address resistant infections caused by <i>Mtb</i>, suggesting they could be a solid foundation for future therapeutic developments against MDR-TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the role of sterol metabolism in antifungal drug resistance: a mini-review.","authors":"Sunita Tanwar, Sapna Kalra, Vinay Kumar Bari","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409085","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sterols are essential for eukaryotic cells and are crucial in cellular membranes' structure, function, fluidity, permeability, adaptability to environmental stressors, and host-pathogen interactions. Fungal sterol, such as ergosterol metabolism, involves several organelles, including the mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes that can be regulated mainly by feedback mechanisms and transcriptionally. The majority of sterol transport in yeast occurs via non-vesicular transport pathways mediated by lipid transfer proteins, which determine the quantity of sterol present in the cell membrane. Pathogenic fungi <i>Candida</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Cryptococcus</i> species can cause a range of superficial to potentially fatal systemic and invasive infections that are more common in immunocompromised patients. There is a significant risk of morbidity and mortality from these infections, which are very difficult to cure. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action have received clinical approval to treat fungal infections. Antifungal drugs targeting the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway are well-known for their antifungal activity; however, an imbalance in the regulation and transport of ergosterol could lead to resistance to antifungal therapy. This study summarizes how fungal sterol metabolism and regulation can modulate sterol-targeting antifungal drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase GpdC maintains glycolytic mechanism against reactive nitrogen stress-induced damage.","authors":"Chihiro Kadooka, Nozomi Katsuki, Shunsuke Masuo, Saito Kojima, Madoka Amahisa, Kouta Suzuki, Yuki Doi, Norio Takeshita, Naoki Takaya","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1475567","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1475567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly reactive nitrogen species (RNS) damage proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, and induce disordered intracellular metabolism. Microorganisms that respond to and defend against RNS include fungal pathogens that invade host tissues. However, the full picture of their mechanisms remains unknown. We identified a novel glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) isozyme (GpdC) in the fungus <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>. This isozyme preferred NADP⁺, which was unlike glycolytic GpdA that uses NAD⁺ as a cofactor. Exogenous RNS induced expression of the encoding <i>gpdC</i> gene, which when disrupted, decreased intracellular GAPDH activity, mycelial proliferation, and ethanol fermentation under RNS stress. Under these conditions, fungal growth requires glucose instead of non-fermentable carbon sources, and intact pyruvate decarboxylase (<i>pdcA</i>) and alcohol dehydrogenase (<i>alcC</i>) genes indicated that fungal metabolism shifts from respiratory to glycolytic and ethanolic fermentation. These results indicated that GpdC is an alternative GAPDH isozyme that facilitates NADP⁺-dependent glycolysis and energy conservation, which constitutes a fungal mechanism of stress tolerance via metabolic adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into <i>Verticillium</i>: a review of progress in the genomics era.","authors":"M Sayari, A Dolatabadian, M El-Shetehy, F Daayf","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1463779","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1463779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomics has emerged as a great tool in enhancing our understanding of the biology of Verticillium species and their interactions with the host plants. Through different genomic approaches, researchers have gained insights into genes, pathways and virulence factors that play crucial roles in both Verticillium pathogenesis and the defense responses of their host organisms. This review emphasizes the significance of genomics in uncovering the mechanisms that underlie pathogenicity, virulence, and host resistance in Verticillium fungi. Our goal is to summarize recent discoveries in Verticillium research highlighting progress made in comprehending the biology and interactions of Verticillium fungi. The integration of genomics into Verticillium studies has the potential to open avenues for developing strategies to control diseases and produce crop varieties resistant to verticillium, thereby offering sustainable solutions for enhancing agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metagenomic approach to demystify the anaerobic digestion black box and achieve higher biogas yield: a review.","authors":"Iván Ostos, Luz Marina Flórez-Pardo, Carolina Camargo","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1437098","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1437098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing reliance on fossil fuels and the growing accumulation of organic waste necessitates the exploration of sustainable energy alternatives. Anaerobic digestion (AD) presents one such solution by utilizing secondary biomass to produce biogas while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Given the crucial role of microbial activity in anaerobic digestion, a deeper understanding of the microbial community is essential for optimizing biogas production. While metagenomics has emerged as a valuable tool for unravelling microbial composition and providing insights into the functional potential in biodigestion, it falls short of interpreting the functional and metabolic interactions, limiting a comprehensive understanding of individual roles in the community. This emphasizes the significance of expanding the scope of metagenomics through innovative tools that highlight the often-overlooked, yet crucial, role of microbiota in biomass digestion. These tools can more accurately elucidate microbial ecological fitness, shared metabolic pathways, and interspecies interactions. By addressing current limitations and integrating metagenomics with other omics approaches, more accurate predictive techniques can be developed, facilitating informed decision-making to optimize AD processes and enhance biogas yields, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards harmonized laboratory methodologies in veterinary clinical bacteriology: outcomes of a European survey.","authors":"Tom Koritnik, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Flavia Zendri, Shlomo Eduardo Blum, Serafeim Christos Chaintoutis, Peter A Kopp, Cassia Hare, Zrinka Štritof, Sonja Kittl, José Gonçalves, Irena Zdovc, Erik Paulshus, Andrea Laconi, David Singleton, Fergus Allerton, Els M Broens, Peter Damborg, Dorina Timofte","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Veterinary clinical microbiology laboratories play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevention of healthcare associated-infections. However, there is a shortage of international harmonized guidelines covering all steps of veterinary bacterial culture from sample receipt to reporting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to gain insights, the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT) designed an online survey focused on the practices and interpretive criteria used for bacterial culture and identification (C&ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of animal bacterial pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 241 microbiology laboratories in 34 European countries completed the survey, representing a mixture of academic (37.6%), governmental (27.4%), and private (26.5%) laboratories. The C&ID turnaround varied from 1 to 2 days (77.8%) to 3-5 days (20%), and 6- 8 days (1.6%), with similar timeframes for AST. Individual biochemical tests and analytical profile index (API) biochemical test kits or similar were the most frequent tools used for bacterial identification (77% and 56.2%, respectively), followed by PCR (46.6%) and MALDI-TOF MS (43.3%). For AST, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (DD) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were conducted by 43.8% and 32.6% of laboratories, respectively, with a combination of EUCAST and CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs) preferred for interpretation of the DD (41.2%) and MIC (47.6%) results. In the absence of specific CBPs, laboratories used human CBPs (53.3%) or veterinary CBPs representing another body site, organism or animal species (51.5%). Importantly, most laboratories (47.9%) only report the qualitative interpretation of the result (S, R, and I). As regards testing for AMR mechanisms, 48.5% and 46.7% of laboratories routinely screened isolates for methicillin resistance and ESBL production, respectively. Notably, selective reporting of AST results (i.e. excluding highest priority critically important antimicrobials from AST reports) was adopted by 39.5% of laboratories despite a similar proportion not taking any approach (37.6%) to guide clinicians towards narrower-spectrum or first-line antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, we identified a broad variety of methodologies and interpretative criteria used for C&ID and AST in European veterinary microbiological diagnostic laboratories. The observed gaps in veterinary microbiology practices emphasize a need to improve and harmonize professional training, innovation, bacterial culture methods and interpretation, AMR surveillance and reporting strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}