Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Emerging pathogens: the underestimated risk of <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i> infection in hospitals.","authors":"Shuang-Jie Wang, Xia Yu, Jia-Hui Liang, Dong-Yan Zheng, Cun-Wei Cao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1572747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1572747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i> is a rare but significant emerging human pathogen, particularly in neonates, with high mortality rates. While most <i>K. ohmeri</i> infections are sporadic, they can be underestimated during hospital outbreaks owing to challenges with traditional identification methods. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of detecting <i>K. ohmeri</i> in candidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six non-duplicated isolates (initially misidentified as <i>Candida dubliniensis</i>) were collected from four patients in a single department over 1 month. Clinical and whole-genome sequencing data of the outbreak strains were evaluated to identify possible outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients presented atypical features at diagnosis, and isolates had a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and echinocandins, except for fluconazole with a high MIC. Notably, Patient 4 had a high MIC for triazoles. The isolates were grouped into three clades based on core genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms and single-copy orthologous genes. Clade 1 contained isolates from Patients 1 and 2, suggesting a common infection source.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the need for improved awareness of <i>K. ohmeri</i> infections, which, although rare, involve emerging fluconazole-resistant strains. <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i> should be considered a potential nosocomial pathogen capable of causing outbreaks; overlooking these emerging human pathogens may have serious consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1572747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive multi-omics analysis uncovers the associations between gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Yang Han, Biyang Cao, Jiayue Tang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1592549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1592549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms. Pancreatic cancer is related to gut microbiota, but the associations between its treatment and microbial abundance as well as genetic variations remain unclear. In this study, we collected fecal samples from 58 pancreatic cancer patients including 43 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 15 non-PDAC, and 40 healthy controls, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolome analysis were conducted. PDAC patients were divided into five groups according to treatment and tumor location, including treatment-naive (UT), chemotherapy (CT), surgery combined with chemotherapy (SCT), Head, and body/tail (Tail) groups. Multivariate association analysis revealed that both CT and SCT were associated with increased abundance of <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> and <i>Streptococcus equinus</i>. The microbial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) densities of <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i>, <i>Streptococcus vestibularis</i> and <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> were positively associated with CT, while <i>Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2_1_58FAA</i> was positively associated with Head group. Compared with Tail group, the Head group showed positive associations with opportunistic pathogens, such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Shigella sonnei</i> and <i>Shigella flexneri.</i> We assembled 424 medium-quality non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (nrMAGs) and 276 high-quality nrMAGs. In CT group, indole-3-acetic acid, capsaicin, sinigrin, chenodeoxycholic acid, and glycerol-3-phosphate were increased, and the accuracy of the model based on fecal metabolites reached 0.77 in distinguishing healthy controls and patients. This study identifies the associations between pancreatic cancer treatment and gut microbiota as well as its metabolites, reveals bacterial SNPs are related to tumor location, and extends our knowledge of gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1592549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients.","authors":"Qiangsheng Feng, Xiaoqin Ha, Yuejuan Song","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1587227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe infectious disease caused by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those with COVID-19 pneumonia or critically ill individuals in intensive care units (ICUs). Accurate clinical diagnosis remains a significant challenge, often resulting in missed diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated IPA inpatients diagnosed through mycological evidence and clinical criteria over 12 months. Inclusion criteria required at least one positive mycological result, including a positive culture from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or high-quality sputum, or a positive galactomannan antigen (GM) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 216 patients were diagnosed with IPA, with a mortality rate of 68.5%. Hematologic malignancies were the primary underlying condition in 33.8% of cases. Voriconazole or posaconazole was used in 45% (98/216) of patients overall, but only 26% (32/121) of non-hematologic malignancy patients received these treatments. The 28-day survival rate for patients treated with Voriconazole/Posaconazole was 0.776 ± 0.038, compared to 0.421 ± 0.043 for untreated patients. Median survival was 130 days (95% CI, 35.3-224.7) for treated patients vs. 20 days (95% CI, 15.8-24.2) for untreated patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Biomarkers for IPA diagnosis demonstrated high diagnostic value, with area under the curve (AUC) values for GM, G, PCT, IL-6, WBC, NEU%, and D-dimer of 0.953, 0.983, 1.000, 0.999, 0.961, 0.996, and 1.000, respectively. GM levels >0.5 pg/ml had a positive predictive value of 52.9% (27/51), while positive mycological culture had a predictive value of 46.5% (33/71). Multivariable regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality: IPA (OR 7.509, 95% CI 4.227-13.339, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment (OR 0.124, 95% CI 0.063-0.242, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ICU hospitalization (OR 5.280, 95% CI 1.549-18.002, <i>p</i> = 0.008), hematologic malignancy (OR 0.316, 95% CI 0.174-0.573, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and NEU% ≥87.25% (OR 3.409, 95% CI 1.455-7.990, <i>p</i> = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-hematologic malignancy patients with IPA were frequently undertreated with antifungal therapy. A comprehensive diagnostic approach using biomarkers, CT, mycological evidence is crucial. Key risk factors for mortality include lack of Voriconazole/Posaconazole treatment, IPA diagnosis, ICU admission, non-hematologic malignancies, and elevated NEU%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1587227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetland restoration suppresses microbial carbon metabolism by altering keystone species interactions.","authors":"Huijie Zheng, Deyan Liu, Ye Li, Zengming Chen, Junjie Li, Yanhong Dong, Cong Yang, Yuncai Miao, Junji Yuan, Weixin Ding","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil bacteria play a pivotal role in regulating multifaceted functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Unraveling the succession of bacterial communities and the feedback mechanism on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics help embed the ecology of microbiome into C cycling model. However, how wetland restoration drives soil bacterial community assembly and species association to regulate microbial C metabolism remains unclear. Here, we investigated soil bacterial diversity, community structure and co-occurrence network, enzyme activities and SOC decomposition in restored wetlands for one, three, and four years from paddy fields in Northeast China. Wetland restoration for three and four years increased taxonomic (richness) and phylogenetic diversities by 2.39-3.96% and 2.13-3.02%, respectively, and increased the relative contribution of nestedness to community dissimilarity, indicating increased richness changed soil bacterial community structure. However, wetland restoration for three and four years decreased the richness index of aerobic Firmicutes by 5.04-5.74% due to stronger anaerobic condition characterized by increased soil Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ from 0.20 to 0.64. Besides, wetland restoration for four years decreased network complexity (characterized by decreased node number by 2.51%, edge number by 9.62%, positive/negative edge number by 6.37%, average degree by 5.74% and degree centralization by 6.34%). Robustness index decreased with the increase of restoration duration, while vulnerability index increased with the increase of restoration duration, indicating that wetland restoration decreased network stability of soil bacterial communities. These results might be because stronger anaerobic condition induced the decrease of aerobic Bacilli richness index in keystone module, thereby reducing positive association within keystone module. Decreased positive species association within keystone module in turn weakened microbial C metabolism by decreasing hydrolase activities from 7.49 to 5.37 mmol kg SOC^-1 h^-1 and oxidase activities from 627 to 411 mmol kg SOC^-1 h^-1, leading to the decrease of SOC decomposition rate from 1.39 to 1.08 g C kg SOC^-1 during wetland restoration. Overall, our results suggested that although wetland restoration after agricultural abandonment increased soil bacterial diversity, it decreased positive association within Bacilli-dominated keystone module under stronger anaerobic condition, which weakened microbial C metabolism and SOC decomposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An additional replication origin causes cell cycle specific DNA replication fork speed.","authors":"Ole Skovgaard","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Replication fork speed (RFS) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> has long been considered constant throughout the replication and cell cycles. In wild-type cells, the circular chromosome is duplicated bidirectionally from <i>oriC</i>, yielding two replication forks that converge at the ter region. Under slow-growth conditions, cells are smaller at initiation than at termination, so DNA replication consumes a larger fraction of cellular resources early in the cell cycle. To challenge this paradigm, we analyzed an <i>E. coli</i> strain with an additional ectopic copy of <i>oriC</i>-designated <i>oriX</i>-inserted midway along the left replichore. In this mutant, replication initiates simultaneously from both <i>oriC</i> and <i>oriX</i>, resulting in four active replication forks early in the cycle. Specifically, the rightward-moving fork from <i>oriX</i> and the leftward-moving fork from <i>oriC</i> converge first, while the leftward-moving fork from <i>oriX</i> is halted at the <i>terA</i> site until the arrival of the rightward-moving <i>oriC</i> fork. Consequently, the number of active replication forks varies dynamically-from zero to four, then two, then one, and finally zero-compared to the fixed zero-two-zero pattern observed in wild-type cells. RFS was calculated using marker frequency analysis of deep sequencing data. Our analysis revealed that RFS is reduced by approximately one third when four replication forks are active and increases by about one fourth when only one fork is active, resulting in a 2-fold variation in RFS during the replication cycle. Moreover, delaying replication initiation or increasing the available dNTP pool normalized these variations, indicating that nucleotide supply is the primary constraint on replication speed. These findings demonstrate that RFS is not inherently constant within a replication cycle and provide a basis for further studies into the factors that regulate replication kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1584664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MeRIP-Seq initially revealed the role of m6A modification in Chinese sacbrood virus-infected <i>Apis cerana</i> larvae.","authors":"Yuming Liu, Hua Bai, Huitong Qiu, Dongliang Fei, Mingxiao Ma","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1563240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1563240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) is highly lethal to honeybee larvae (especially the larva of <i>Apis cerana</i>) and causes considerable losses to beekeeping industry. N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification of mRNA is a predominant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes and plays a role in viral infection. However, the role of m6A modification in CSBV infection remains unclear. Herein, we performed high-throughput sequencing for m6A-seq in CSBV-infected and non-infected larvae to investigate host transcriptome-wide m6A modifications and identify m6A-modified genes. A total of 671 variant peaks were identified. Combined analysis of m6A modification and mRNA expression revealed that a significant correlation between mRNA methylation modifications and expression levels observed for 668 Genes. It was proved that CSBV infection can cause important m6A modification changes in host. We examined the effects of CSBV infection on expression of two methylation regulatory genes by qPCR. At the same time, we verified the effect of two methylation regulatory genes on CSBV replication using RNAi technology. This study demonstrated for the first time that CSBV infection can cause m6A modification changes in <i>A. cerana</i> larvae, and comprehensively analyzed the m6A modification pattern of its mRNA, and CSBV infection significantly promoted the expression of <i>AcMETTL3</i> (Ac represents <i>A. cerana</i>, <i>p</i> = 0.007), but had no effect on the expression of <i>AcMETTL14</i>. It was further confirmed that <i>AcMETTL3</i> had a significant negative regulatory effect on CSBV replication (<i>p</i> = 0.0432). These results lay a foundation for further exploration of the role of m6A modification in CSBV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1563240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economical role of RIOK3 in modulating the Jak1/STAT1 pathway and antiviral immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection in macrophages: implications for therapeutic potential.","authors":"Fangfang Sun, Weiwei Liang, Yingying Qian, Pengfei Hu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1591473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1591473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RSV infection can result in mortality rates as high as 20%, attributable not only to viral replication but also to an excessive host immune response. Current therapeutic options are limited, partly due to gaps in understanding the host immune response, especially the role of macrophages and their signaling pathways. This study investigates the role of RIOK3, an unconventional kinase, in modulating the Jak1/STAT1 pathway during RSV infection in macrophages and its impact on viral replication and interferon production. Using both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models, including primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from control and RIOK3 knockout (KO) mice, we demonstrate that RIOK3 is a critical regulator of the Jak1/STAT1 pathway in macrophages during RSV infection. The absence of RIOK3 enhances viral replication and disrupts the balance of type I interferons. Targeting RIOK3 may represent a promising strategy to enhance antiviral immunity and mitigate RSV-induced inflammation, thus warranting further investigation for therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1591473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of quercetin on <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation parameters, gas production and microflora of beef cattle.","authors":"Ming Xiao, Liu Du, Manlin Wei, Yajing Wang, Chenyang Dong, Ji Ju, Runze Zhang, Wen Peng, Yuxiang Wang, Yongjie Zheng, Weijing Meng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1527405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1527405","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methane is an important component of greenhouse gases, and ruminant production is a significant source of methane emissions. At present, flavonoid feed additives have certain applications in methane inhibition in ruminants. However, the effects of different doses of quercetin on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacteria and archaea are still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of quercetin on &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; rumen fermentation parameters, methane production, and microflora in beef cattle. A completely randomized design was adopted. Quercetin was added to the fermentation substrates at 0% (group C), 0.5% (group Q1), 1% (group Q2) and 1.5% (group Q3). Anaerobic fermentation was carried out at 39°C for 48 h, gas production (GP) was recorded at different times, gas composition was determined, and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) production was calculated. Fermentation parameters and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were determined after 48 h. Moreover, rumen fluid was collected for rumen bacterial and archaeal flora determination. The results were as follows: (1) After 32 h of fermentation, the GP decreased in response to the addition of quercetin. With increasing quercetin concentration, the theoretical maximum gas production decreased quadratically before 20 h (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.032). There was a quadratic increase in gas production (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.024). With increasing quercetin supplementation, the NH3-N content increased quadratically (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.027). MCP increased linearly and quadratically with quercetin (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;linear&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.002, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.005), whereas DMD decreased linearly and quadratically with quercetin (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;linear&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.013, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.032). Both 0.5 and 1% quercetin significantly reduced the butyrate content (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.002). With the addition of quercetin, the levels of butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) first decreased but then increased (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05). (2) With increasing quercetin concentration, methane production (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.009) and the methane proportion (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.001) decreased quadratically. (3) The ACE index and Chao1 index increased quadratically with quercetin supplementation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;quadratic&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of &lt;i&gt;Succiniclasticum&lt;/i&gt; in groups Q1 and Q3 increased, whereas the relative abundances of &lt;i&gt;norank_f__norank_o__Rickettsiales&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Curtobacterium&lt;/i&gt; decreased in all quercetin groups at the genus level (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). (4) Quercetin supplementation did not affect the diversity of the archaeal community, but the relative abundance of &lt;i&gt;Methanobrevibacter&lt;/i&gt; in group Q2 decreased. Overall, quercetin influenced &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; rumen fermentation and the bacterial flora to decrease methane production a","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1527405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tongue coating microbiome is perturbed in atrial fibrillation and partly normalized after catheter ablation.","authors":"Ling Wang, Na Li, Yuchen Zheng, Qiong Huang, Guangying Cui, Xiaoshuai Cheng, Yu He, Yifei Niu, Yumei Sun, Xiaoming Wang, Hong Luo, Pengfei Liu, Junjie Tan, Bingsen Huang, Li Li, Peiyao Ma, Dandan Li, Yanyan Li, Jing Li, Zujiang Yu, Zhigang Ren, Yiqiang Yuan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1508089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1508089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is accumulating evidence linking the microbiome and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, no existing studies have been conducted on atrial fibrillation (AF) and the oral microbiome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected and sequenced 245 AF tongue-coating samples and 26 AF samples after catheter ablation from Zhengzhou and Guangshan, China. We characterized tongue coating microbiome, constructed microbial classifiers in the discovery cohort, and verified their diagnostic potential in a cross-regional cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tongue coating microbial richness and diversity were significantly increased in the AF group compared to the control group, indicating increased bacterial colonization. The classifiers based on four optimal tongue coating microbial markers achieved good diagnostic efficiency in AF cohorts, with area under the curve (AUC) of 99.10 and 98.62% in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and 97.97% in the cross-regional cohort. Paroxysmal AF and persistent AF shared similar taxonomic features, but some specific differential bacteria acted in the AF progression. Moreover, the outcomes revealed that catheter ablation contributed to rehabilitating oral bacterial disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was the first cross-sectional and longitudinal research of oral microbiome in AF patients and the alternations after catheter ablation, which offers promising new perspectives for AF clinical diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1508089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Nonanol produced by <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> EM-1: a new biocontrol agent against tobacco brown spot.","authors":"Xiaona Sui, Xiaobin Han, Xianbo Wang, Jun Wan, Mingxia Wen, Donglin Zhao, Yanfen Zheng, Chengsheng Zhang, Chuantao Xu, Youqiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco brown spot disease, caused by <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, poses a significant threat to crop production. Traditional control methods, particularly chemical fungicides, have raised concerns about environmental impact and resistance. Although our previous research has shown that volatile compounds produced by <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> EM-1 can effectively suppress <i>A. alternata</i>, the specific antifungal compounds and their mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, exposure to the volatiles from strain EM-1 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of <i>A. alternata</i>, with 2-nonanol identified as the most potent antifungal compound. Fumigation experiments revealed that 2-nonanol exhibited strong dose-dependent toxicity, with an EC₅₀ of 0.1055 μL/cm³ and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.2166 μL/cm³. <i>In vivo</i> experiments on tobacco leaves confirmed that 2-nonanol effectively reduced tobacco brown spot disease incidence and slowed lesion expansion. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 2-nonanol downregulated the expression of genes encoding D-glucose synthesis in carbon metabolism, which limited energy acquisition by <i>A. alternata</i>. Moreover, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), was markedly suppressed by 2-nonanol, thereby exacerbating cellular damage induced by oxidative stress. These findings suggest that 2-nonanol holds potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco brown spot disease, underscoring the promising role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the development of environmentally friendly biocontrol products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1582372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}