Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i> Group 2 capsules and their interplay with bacteriophages.","authors":"Naoise McGarry, Catherine Toner-Bartelds, Stephen G J Smith","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1588121","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1588121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extracellular polysaccharide capsules of Gram-negative bacteria, such as <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i>, mediate interactions with host defences and bacteriophages (phages). Capsules may act as barriers to infection or serve as essential receptors when phages rely on capsule recognition and degradation by depolymerases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we examined the Group 2 K2 capsule of the extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (ExPEC) prototype CFT073 to determine its role in phage infection. We assessed whether the capsule acts as a barrier or receptor and explored the effect of temperature on such interactions. Additionally, we analysed <i>E. coli</i> genomes to identify whether capsule biosynthesis genes were co-located with other loci associated with phage defence. The evolutionary context of these associations was alsoc explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The K2 capsule of CFT073 exhibited dual functionality, acting both as a barrier to phage infection and as a receptor facilitating infection. A previously unrecognized synergy was observed between capsule expression and a type IV toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in CFT073. It was also shown that co-localisation of capsule and TA loci was present in more than 500 <i>E. coli</i> genomes, indicating a conserved association. Further, these systems were shown to be horizontally co-acquired on a common pathogenicity island.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the complex role of capsules in phage interactions and suggest that their functional linkage with TA systems may enhance bacterial persistence. The conserved co-acquisition of these loci on pathogenicity islands underscores their potential importance in the evolution and success of ExPEC pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1588121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol in viral envelope determines infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.","authors":"Xiaoying Xu, Xueyan Wang, Xiafeng Zhang, Xin Jin, Yun Tan, Lin Huang, Mingqian Zhou, Chengping Wen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1670356","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1670356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had unprecedented impacts on public health and the economy. Many studies have focused on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, particularly the spike (S) protein mediated receptor engagement and subsequent virus-host membrane fusion dynamics. However, the mechanistic contribution of cholesterol within spike-incorporated viral envelopes to infectivity has not been well characterized. Herein, we show that targeted cholesterol depletion from the viral envelopes of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV directly impaired viral infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. Although modulation of host cell membrane cholesterol exerted relatively minor effects on viral entry, host cellular cholesterol homeostasis critically governs progeny virion infectivity by determining cholesterol content within nascent viral envelopes. Virions derived from cells with reduced plasma membrane cholesterol demonstrate significantly attenuated infectivity in SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. In addition, we detected that exogenous cholesterol replenishment restored SARS-CoV-2 entry efficiency by augmenting virus attachment. Collectively, our data demonstrate that biophysical properties of human coronavirus envelopes, particularly cholesterol stoichiometry, function as a key molecular determinant regulating host cell susceptibility. These findings position viral lipidome remodeling as a viable therapeutic target for developing host-directed broad-spectrum antivirals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1670356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of antimicrobial effects of a contactless, indirect cold atmospheric plasma-aerosol method for germ reduction on surfaces: an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Tom Schaal, Ulrich Schmelz, Gilbert Hämmerle, Robert Fuchs, Timon Schorling, Sandra Kurras, Marc Koene, Tim Tischendorf","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668987","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Aerosol (CAP-A) technology has emerged as a novel, contactless approach for antimicrobial treatment. This study evaluates the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of CAP-A in reducing microbial contamination on human skin, building on obligatory <i>in vitro</i> testing. <i>In vitro</i> results demonstrated consistent 3-4.5 log unit microbial reductions across five standard organisms. <i>In vivo</i> evaluation using <i>Escherichia coli</i> revealed a mean log reduction factor of 4.77 (SD ± 0.44), exceeding the 4-log threshold considered clinically relevant. Notably, CAP-A showed comparable efficacy to an alcohol-based reference disinfection method (<i>p</i> = 0.134), without associated drawbacks such as thermal effects or ozone accumulation. Results suggest that CAP-A offers equivalent <i>in vivo</i> efficacy compared to previously documented CAP methods while minimizing tissue damage, thermal changes, and discomfort. The results underscore the potential of CAP-A as an effective and tolerable alternative to established CAP approaches, warranting further comparative research under standardized conditions. Future studies should examine both CAP and CAP-A technologies, broadening the spectrum of tested microorganisms, incorporating additional parameters, and rigorously assessing benefits and risks. This research could elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving differences in efficacy and side effect profiles, ultimately contributing to the optimization of plasma-based treatments in clinical and industrial settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1668987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary exploration of the ability of HUC-MSCs to restore the lung microbiota and related metabolite disorders in IPF treatment: combining 16S sequencing and metabolite analysis.","authors":"Shuang Zhou, Yukai Luo, Jun Liu, Jishui Huang, Xiaojing Zhang, Qing-Chun Jia, Yijian Lin, Zhenyong Huang, Yiming Zeng, Wenzhao Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1645577","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1645577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive pulmonary disease, and effective therapies to reverse the natural course of IPF are lacking. A growing number of studies have shown that the use of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the mechanism by which HUC-MSCs alleviate IPF and how HUC-MSCs affect the lung microbiota are still unclear and need further exploration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bleomycin (BLM) injection was used to establish a mouse model of IPF, and 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS metabolomics were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of HUC-MSCs as IPF treatment. Thirty mice were allocated into three groups, namely, the Control, BLM, and BLM + HUC-MSCs groups, and lung morphology; levels of α-SMA, FN1 and COL1A1; and levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 were evaluated. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from six mice in each of the three groups were collected randomly for 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze the lung microbiota and untargeted metabolomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells restored alveolar morphology and reduced the expression of α-SMA, FN1 and COL1A1 and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in IPF model mice, confirming the anti-inflammatory properties of HUC-MSCs in IPF treatment. The 16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that HUC-MSCs treatment effectively decreased α diversity indices, such as the Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE) and Shannon indices, as well as β diversity, leading to a decrease in microbiota abundance. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolites exhibiting notable differences included primarily organic acids and their derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and organic nitrogen compounds, indicating the potential of HUC-MSCs to exert antifibrotic effects through these metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our study preliminarily confirmed that IPF in mice was closely related to microbial and metabolic dysbiosis. In mice with IPF, treatment with HUC-MSCs modulated dysregulated metabolic pathways and improved microbiota function to a state more comparable to that of the Control group. This study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms and treatments of IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1645577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth comparison of commercial <i>Trichoderma-</i>based products: integrative approaches to quantitative analysis, taxonomy and efficacy.","authors":"Tomasz Kulik, Paulina Staniszewska, Patryk Wiśniewski, Zofia Treder, Maciej Przybylski, Ewa Wrońska, Mateusz Maździarz, Katarzyna Krawczyk, Katarzyna Bilska, Łukasz Paukszto, Jacek Olszewski","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1646394","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1646394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Products derived from <i>Trichoderma</i> fungi, primarily marketed as biofungicides and biofertilizers, are widely utilized to promote sustainable and regenerative farming practices. In this study, we characterized <i>Trichoderma</i>-based products currently available in both international and local (the Polish) markets. We estimated the number of viable cells in these products, which is a key factor boosting their efficacy. We found substantial differences in the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) among various products, with all products exhibiting fewer CFUs than claimed. The degree of this inconsistency was notably heightened in the case of biofertilizers. We also determined the species identity of isolates recovered from these products using MIST approach. For most products, results of the multilocus species identification revealed inconsistency with taxonomic classification available on product labels or failed to confirm their taxonomic status. We also assessed variation in the invasion capacity of <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates against economically important plant pathogens <i>B. cinerea, F. graminearum</i> and <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> using <i>in vitro</i> approaches. To address the identified challenges associated with the suboptimal quality of biofertilizers, various targeted solutions are discussed and proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1646394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative solutions for PFAS detection under global warming: application prospects of whole-cell bioreporter.","authors":"Tao Gan, Williamson Gustave, Boling Li, Christina Lopez, Xiaokai Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1682831","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1682831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1682831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of gut microbiota in <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> shifted with elevated salinity.","authors":"Bo Wang, Yang Liu, Xinhua Wu, Yunfei Liu, Ziying Li, Jian Wang, Yingli Lian, Jiayi Tang, Biao Yun, Xiangli Tian","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1665547","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1665547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of studies have evaluated the effects of host, dietary, and environmental factors on the gut microbial community of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>. However, the characteristics of the gut microbial community of this species in hypersaline aquaculture environments have not yet been clarified. Our findings demonstrate that salinity has a strong impact on the gut bacterial community of shrimp. The alpha diversity of the gut bacterial community of shrimp decreased with salinity. Significant differences in the composition and abundance of the core gut bacterial taxa were observed among ponds with varying salinity, and only 13 shared core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified; the abundance of potential opportunistic pathogens decreased significantly in hypersaline environments. Salinity is identified as a critically important environmental factor affecting the structure of the gut bacterial community of shrimp in hypersaline environments. The structure of the gut bacterial community of shrimp was distinct at salinities of 31-39 and 47-55, and the predicted functions differed at salinities of 31-47 and 55 based on 16S rRNA gene prediction using PICRUSt2 and principal coordinate analysis. Network analysis showed that higher salinity was associated with less connectivity and cooperation among species. Neutral Community Model analysis and the normalized stochasticity ratio revealed that stochastic processes were dominant at lower salinity; however, deterministic processes became more important as salinity increased. In addition, the community-level habitat niche breadths of the gut bacterial community decreased with salinity, which further confirmed this trend. These findings provide new insights into the characteristics of the gut bacterial community of shrimp in hypersaline environments and would contribute to the improvement of farming health management of shrimp in hypersaline ponds aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1665547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-guided integrative soft deep clustering analysis of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data.","authors":"Jiang Xingzuo, Wang Chenyuan, Yao Jiaxi, Wang Chengyuan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1678891","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1678891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Current single-cell clustering methods often rely on hard clustering assignments, which fail to capture the dynamic and transitional states of cells during development. This study introduces the Structure-Guided Soft Deep Clustering (sgSDC) framework to address this limitation by integrating multimodal data and enabling probabilistic cluster assignments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sgSDC model combines scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data using a structure-guided fusion module with global attention. It employs contrastive learning to align modality-specific representations with a consensus representation and introduces a novel soft clustering loss that allows cells to belong to multiple clusters with varying probabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evaluations on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that sgSDC outperforms eight state-of-the-art methods in Accuracy (ACC), Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), achieving significant improvements-up to 52.62% in ARI on one dataset.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results validate the effectiveness of structure-guided contrastive learning and soft clustering in capturing cellular heterogeneity. sgSDC provides a robust tool for analyzing complex single-cell data, with potential applications in developmental biology and tumor microenvironment research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1678891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> regulates the gut microenvironment and alleviate periodontal inflammmation in mice with periodontitis.","authors":"Shumin Zhang, Ting Zhang, Yiwen Zhang, Chuanjin Ye, Litong Mu, Qinghui He, Tianxiang Huang, Guowei Wang, Yanan Li, Sijing Xie, Xuna Tang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1643691","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1643691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (<i>A. muciniphila</i>) is an emerging gut commensal known for its roles in host metabolism and immune modulation. While its involvement in metabolic and inflammatory disorders is well characterized, its potential association with oral diseases such as periodontitis remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore whether modulation of the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from periodontally healthy donors could influence the abundance of <i>A. muciniphila</i> and contribute to the alleviation of periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from human donors, including periodontally healthy individuals (H group, <i>n</i> = 16), untreated patients with severe periodontitis (P group, <i>n</i> = 12), and the same patients at two weeks (P2W) and three months (P3M) after periodontal therapy. Quantitative PCR was used to assess <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance in these human samples. A germ-free mouse model of periodontitis was then established, and the mice received FMT using samples from human donor groups (P-PBS, P-H, and P-P). Gut microbiota composition, periodontal inflammation, gut barrier proteins (MUC2, ZO-1), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) were evaluated in the mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to groups H, P2W, and P3M, the abundance of <i>A. muciniphila</i> in the gut was significantly lower in patients with severe periodontitis, but it was increased after periodontal therapy. In mice, FMT from healthy donors (P-H group) significantly enriched <i>A. muciniphila</i>, improved expression of gut barrier proteins, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, and alleviated periodontal inflammation compared to other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a previously underrecognized link between gut microbial composition particularly <i>A. muciniphila</i> and periodontal health. Targeting the gut microbiota via FMT may represent a novel strategy for modulating systemic and oral inflammation and supporting the prevention or adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1643691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional insights into cellulosomes: masters of plant cell wall degradation.","authors":"Nataša Lindič, Maša Vodovnik","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1638551","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1638551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulosomes are complex multi-enzyme systems that enable efficient cellulose breakdown in some anaerobic bacteria and fungi. Understanding cellulosome functionality plays a crucial role in expanding their potential for industrial plant biomass degradation and valorization. While knowledge on these intricate structures has been accumulating for several decades, recent insights into their modular architecture, dynamic assembly mechanisms, and potential for synthetic biology-driven redesign for biotechnological applications call for a comprehensive re-evaluation of their structural and functional complexity. This review explores recent advances in understanding these cellulolytic nanomachines, focusing on substrate recognition and binding mechanisms, including the roles of carbohydrate-binding modules and cohesin-dockerin interactions. Cell-surface mechanisms that allow these complexes to attach to and effectively degrade plant biomass are also reviewed. Furthermore, structural adaptations to diverse substrates and environmental conditions are discussed, highlighting the flexibility and the interplay between the cellulosomal components, both catalytic and non-catalytic, and their impact on optimizing cellulose degradation, including carbon source sensing, and its role in modulating cellulosome architecture and activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}