Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The microgenderome in migraine: integrating sex hormones, microbial composition, and metabolic profiles into a sex-related framework.","authors":"Jie Fu, Xianli Liu, Dianzun Liu, Kaiyu Shen, Ming Yao, Huadong Ni","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1891150","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1891150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder with marked sex differences, as women experience a prevalence two to three times higher than men. Although the gut-brain axis has been implicated in migraine biology, the intersection of sex hormones, microbial signaling, and microbial metabolites remains underexplored. This review evaluates migraine-specific and mechanistically relevant evidence on sex-related microbial and metabolic profiles to examine their potential relevance to sex-related characteristics of migraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review was informed by a structured literature search of PubMed through May 2026, identifying 22 relevant studies, including clinical studies, interventional studies, animal models, and mechanistic investigations. Given heterogeneity in study design, sequencing methods, sampling strategies, clinical populations, and outcome measures, evidence was synthesized narratively to develop a hypothesis-generating framework for interactions among sex hormones, microbiota, microbial metabolites, and migraine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current evidence suggests that gut microbial diversity and composition may be altered in migraine, but sex-stratified migraine-specific data remain limited. Female migraine cohorts have shown reduced abundances of taxa such as <i>Clostridia</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i>, alongside enrichment of pro-inflammatory genera including <i>Desulfovibrio</i> and <i>Gemmiger</i>, with reported associations with inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide. Metabolic studies suggest alterations in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, including kynurenic acid/quinolinic acid-related changes, whereas direct evidence for sex-specific short-chain fatty acid or neuroactive metabolite profiles in migraine remains limited. Mechanistically, the estrobolome provides a biologically plausible but incompletely validated link through which sex hormones and microbial enzymes may interact with hormone metabolism, gut barrier function, inflammatory tone, and neuroimmune signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sex hormone-microbiota-metabolite-brain axis should be considered a hypothesis-generating framework rather than an established causal mechanism for migraine sex differences. Future research should use sex-balanced longitudinal cohorts, menstrual-cycle-aware sampling, migraine-specific models, and integrated multi-omics to validate candidate pathways and determine whether microbiome-related signatures can inform sex-stratified biomarkers or adjunctive microbiome-targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1891150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity-stratified gut microbiome dysbiosis and systemic neuroinflammation in acute traumatic brain injury: a metagenomic and cytokine profiling study.","authors":"Yiyang Wang, Yudan Zhang, Chune Li, Ruina Liu, Shuo Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1845360","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1845360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut-brain axis has increasingly been implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few human studies have simultaneously examined gut functional metagenomics and peripheral cytokine profiles across mild to moderate-to-severe TBI, which limits our understanding of how gut health may influence recovery outcomes in TBI patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional case-control investigation involved the collection of fecal and matched serum samples within 7 days post-injury from 60 mild TBI patients (MT; GCS 13-15), 45 moderate-to-severe TBI patients (MST; GCS ≤ 12), and 113 healthy controls (HC). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing examined gut microbiota. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured using a 4-plex Luminex test. Spearman correlation was utilized to construct a hypothesis relating cytokine levels to microbial severity-stratified abundance patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TBI was associated with severity-dependent remodeling of the gut microbiota. Alpha diversity decreased from HC to MST (<i>p</i> < 10^-6), and community structure varied significantly among all three groups (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001). Serum TNF-α increased in a severity-associated manner (MST vs. HC and MT, <i>p</i> _<i>adj</i> < 0.015). Among 332 differentially abundant species, butyrate-producing commensals fell abruptly at MT with no additional decline in MST, suggesting an apparent floor-like pattern rather than confirming a true biological floor effect. For example, <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> dropped from 9.02% in HC to 4.29% in MT. In terms of function, metagenomic inference indicated that pathways for fermentative metabolism and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) biosynthesis were largely suppressed, suggesting a predicted reduction in microbial SCFA production capacity. On the other hand, secondary bile acid synthesis was specifically increased in MST-dominant KOs (85%). Systemically, reduced commensals showed weak, directionally consistent correlations with pro-inflammatory cytokines (|ρ| = 0.16-0.25), although none of the species-cytokine associations survived FDR correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute TBI is associated with severity-specific gut dysbiosis, which is accompanied by systemic neuroinflammation. The early reduction of butyrate-producing taxa in mild TBI suggests that the early post-injury period may represent a potential window for future gut-targeted intervention studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1845360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-fructose diet-induced gut dysbiosis as a mechanistic driver of chronic inflammation and accelerated biological aging: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Xin-Zhu Xu, Mo-Si Dong, Jian-Yu Dai, Qing-Yan Wang, Xuan-Chi Dong, Ying Jin","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1865281","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1865281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-fructose diet (HFD) has emerged as a critical dietary risk factor for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. This review delineates the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological cascade linking high-fructose intake, gut dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and accelerated aging. At the metabolic level, excess fructose is rapidly phosphorylated by ketohexokinase (KHK), depleting intracellular ATP while driving overproduction of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These events activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling, promoting hepatic <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis. At the microbial level, chronic fructose loading selectively depletes butyrate-producing taxa (<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, <i>Roseburia</i> spp.) while enriching Gram-negative Proteobacteria pathobionts, elevating luminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. Butyrate deficiency downregulates tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1), compromising intestinal barrier integrity, enabling systemic LPS translocation and establishing metabolic endotoxemia. At the inflammatory level, circulating LPS sustains TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB axis activation, driving chronic overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, establishing a self-reinforcing \"inflammaging\" network centered on the dysbiosis → leaky gut → endotoxemia → NF-κB → NLRP3 loop. At the aging level, sustained inflammatory signaling accelerates biological aging through five interconnected pathways: (1) cellular senescence and paracrine propagation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP); (2) ROS-mediated telomeric oxidative damage coupled with DNA damage response-NF-κB activation; (3) mitochondrial dysfunction driving SASP transcription via the mtROS-cGAS-STING axis; (4) inflammation-induced epigenetic clock acceleration through aberrant DNMT3A/B targeting and asymmetric H3K27ac/me3 remodeling; and (5) immunosenescence encompassing TEMRA accumulation, Treg dysfunction, and M1 macrophage polarization, closing a self-sustaining inflammatory loop. At the intervention level, five strategic categories are synthesized: dietary modification (fructose restriction, Mediterranean diet); probiotic and prebiotic microbial restoration; bile acid FXR/TGR5 modulation with exogenous SCFA supplementation; senolytic, NAD⁺ precursor, and mTOR/AMPK-targeted pharmacotherapy; and fecal microbiota transplantation for systemic reconstitution. Clinical evidence demonstrates measurable improvements in glycemic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and SASP attenuation, though individual responses are substantially modulated by baseline microbiota composition. This review provides an integrative framework for understanding HFD-driven accelerated aging and establishes an evidence base for multilevel, precision-guided anti-inflammaging interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1865281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome-derived indoles differentially suppress type III secretion system-associated virulence in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>.","authors":"Michal Shvarthburg, David Taussig, Neta Even-Tov, Yariv Wine, Neta Sal-Man","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1902638","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1902638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteric pathogens such as enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i> (EHEC), and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> utilize a conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) to manipulate host cell processes and promote infection. Metabolites present in the intestinal lumen can directly influence the activity of these systems. Indole, which is produced from dietary tryptophan, has been shown to suppress the T3SS function of enteric pathogens. Here, we investigated the anti-virulence potential of seven gut microbiome-derived indole derivatives and found that their ability to suppress T3SS-dependent virulence is highly structure-dependent. Whereas indole exhibited moderate inhibition, indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) and 3-methylindole (3-MI) emerged as more potent suppressors. In practice, these metabolites downregulated transcription of key T3SS genes, leading to reduced secretion of T3SS translocators, impaired effector delivery into host cells, and a marked reduction in actin pedestal formation, a hallmark of EPEC infection. Notably, this inhibitory effect extended to EHEC and <i>Salmonella</i>, suggesting that these metabolites target conserved virulence regulatory pathways. Overall, our findings demonstrate that microbiome-derived indole metabolites can effectively attenuate pathogen virulence. By targeting virulence rather than bacterial viability, 3-MI and I3A emerge as promising postbiotic-like therapeutic leads that can mitigate infection while limiting selective pressure for resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1902638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented dandelion <i>Jiangshui</i> on blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice.","authors":"Xian-Gang Meng, Jia-Ni Lu, Hui Yao, Qing-Kai Jin, Yi-Xin Zhang, Zhi-Hui Wang, Tuan-Jie Che, Yan-Wen Gui","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1910064","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1910064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Taraxacum mongolicum</i> Hand.-Mazz. is rich in dietary fiber and has been reported to exhibit hypoglycemic activity. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented dandelion Jiangshui (JS) on glucose metabolism and pancreatic and renal histopathology in hyperglycemic mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> A1 and <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> strains A3 and L2, previously isolated from traditional JS by our research team, were used to prepare dandelion JS by fermentation. Forty-five 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a normal control group, a model group, and a JS intervention group. Mice in the JS group received LAB-fermented dandelion JS by gavage, whereas mice in the other groups received an equal volume of normal saline for 14 consecutive weeks. Body weight, glucose-related biochemical indicators, and pancreatic and renal histopathology were monitored throughout the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the model group, the JS group showed attenuated increases in blood glucose, higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, increased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and less severe pancreatic and renal lesions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that LAB-fermented dandelion JS may have potential to improve glucose regulation and alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and pancreatic and renal injury in hyperglycemic mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1910064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Tuberculosis transmission: a battle between the host and the pathogen.","authors":"Krishna Kurthkoti, Vartika Sharma, Srinivasan Vijay","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1946986","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1946986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1946986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation study of polysomnographic parameters, serological markers, and gut microbiota in patients with short-sleep insomnia: a real-world study.","authors":"Lu Liu, Hui-Jie Zhou, Hao-Chen Li, Ming-Zhen Li, Yun-Liang Sun, Ji-Wei Zhu, Jing-Lin Wu, Man-Lu Lu, Yan Yu, Fang Han, Lei Pan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1850738","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1850738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in sleep regulation via the microbiota-gut-brain axis; however, its relationship with objective sleep parameters and serological markers remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between polysomnographic, serological, and gut microbiota changes in patients with short sleep insomnia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with short-sleep insomnia and controls underwent polysomnography. Serum and faecal samples were collected. Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), melatonin (MT), and orexin A (OXA) were measured by ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Spearman's partial correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) were performed in the insomnia group with adjustment for relevant confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with controls, insomnia patients showed significantly reduced sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep duration, and N2 and N3 sleep, accompanied by prolonged sleep latency (SL), REM latency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration and its proportion, as well as increased spontaneous microarousals during total and NREM sleep, and the frequency of sleep stage transitions and awakenings, and the relative power of theta, alpha, and beta waves during NREM sleep and delta, theta, and alpha waves during REM sleep (<i>p</i> - 0.05). Serum 5-HT, BDNF, and OXA levels were elevated (<i>p</i> - 0.05). While <i>α</i>-diversity did not differ, <i>β</i>-diversity differed significantly, with increased abundance of <i>Evtepia</i>, <i>Anaerostipes</i>, and <i>Blautia_A</i>, and reduced L-methionine salvage cycle III. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations among gut microbiota, sleep parameters, and serum markers, particularly involving N3 sleep and SL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-sleep insomnia is associated with alterations in sleep parameters, serological indicators, and gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbiota modulation may represent a potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1850738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Porcine Rotavirus</i>: pathogenic mechanisms, host immune responses, and progress toward control.","authors":"Jiyu Liu, Yuexin Dong, Zhongxing Xu, Jinyong Zhang, Lianmao Duan, Guangshan Zhu, Nini Ma, Shaonan Zhang, Cong Wang, Xuexia Wen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1859923","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1859923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Porcine Rotavirus</i> (<i>PoRV</i>), a major pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets and significant economic losses, exhibits high genotypic diversity and poses a risk of cross-species transmission. <i>PoRV</i> infection is initiated by the interaction of its outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, with multiple host cell receptors (e.g., sialic acids, integrins), triggering complex processes of endocytosis and membrane penetration that ultimately lead to enterocyte dysfunction and diarrhea. Diverse immune evasion strategies have been evolved by <i>PoRV</i>, among which the host interferon responses and cellular protein synthesis are both suppressed by nonstructural proteins including NSP1 and NSP3. Host defense relies on innate immunity (e.g., RIG-I/MDA-5 and TLR3 signaling pathways) and adaptive immunity centered on virus-specific T cells. Epidemiological surveillance indicates the dominance of RVA genotypes in swine populations worldwide. Furthermore, genetic reassortment events between porcine and human strains underscore a significant zoonotic transmission risk, which poses a significant challenge to public health and compromises the efficacy of existing vaccines. Current control measures rely on biosecurity management and vaccination to enhance maternal antibody transfer. However, given the high genetic variability of the virus, the development of novel broad-spectrum vaccine platforms, such as those based on virus-like particles (VLPs) or multi-epitope antigens, is urgently needed. In this review, current research progress is systematically integrated to advance the understanding of <i>PoRV</i>-host interactions and provide evidence-based guidance for the development of effective control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1859923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobia mitigates autotoxicity in <i>Malus hupehensis</i> via phenolic degradation and enhanced melatonin-antioxidant responses.","authors":"Cun-Cui Kong, Miao Zhang, Min-Min Xu, Hong-Xia Zhang, Song Qin, Cheng-Gang Ren","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1912880","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1912880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Phloridzin is a major autotoxin contributing to apple replant disease (ARD) by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting the rhizosphere ecology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the potential of <i>Ensifer meliloti</i> y5077 to mitigate these detrimental effects in <i>Malus hupehensis</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strain y5077 demonstrated high degradation efficiency, removing 100% of phloridzin <i>in vitro</i> within 48 h and reducing soil phloridzin levels by 68.4% in 60-day pot experiments. Inoculation significantly improved seedling growth under autotoxic stress, with root dry weight increased compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. These growth benefits were linked to a significant increase in endogenous melatonin levels and the restoration of antioxidant enzyme activities to normal basal levels, which effectively suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, y5077 inoculation restructured the rhizosphere microbiome, characterized by significant shifts in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa (e.g., increases in <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, and decreases in <i>Basidiomycota</i>).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results demonstrate that y5077 acts as a multi-functional bioremediator that integrates toxin degradation with physiological priming and rhizosphere microbial community restructuring, providing a robust and sustainable biological solution for mitigating phloridzin-induced autotoxic stress in apple seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1912880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw return and organic fertilization promote soil organic carbon sequestration through microbes.","authors":"Yu Yu, Xueqing Deng, Fuwei Wang, Suzhi Xing, Jianfei Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1858111","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1858111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil organic carbon (C) is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystem C pools, playing a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, supporting sustainable agricultural development, and mitigating global climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathways and effects of straw return and organic fertilizer application on soil C sequestration is essential. Straw return introduces exogenous C inputs that stimulate microbial activity and promote the formation of stable organic C fractions, although its decomposition is initially constrained by nitrogen (N) limitation. In contrast, organic fertilizer provides readily available stable C sources and essential nutrients, thereby enhancing soil aggregation and C stabilization. The combined application of straw return and organic fertilizer produces significant synergistic effects on soil C sequestration. Organic fertilizer alleviates microbial N deficiency caused by the high C to N ratio (C/N) of straw, facilitating more efficient straw decomposition and nutrient release. Simultaneously, it improves the functional structure of soil microbial communities, promoting the formation of mineral-associated organic C and strengthening aggregate-protected C pools. This integrated management strategy enhances short-term nutrient cycling while contributing to long-term C sequestration, offering substantial potential for advancing sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for addressing the microbial mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of straw returning to the soil and organic fertilizer application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1858111"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}