Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Development of functional bacteria and its application in silage processing.","authors":"Jie Zhao, Liwen He, Huili Pang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1625264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in Argentina: epidemiology and research advances in human, animal, and environmental settings during the 21st century.","authors":"Maria Romina Rivero, Claudina Vissio, Constanza Feliziani, Carlos De Angelo, Maria Carolina Touz, Karina Tiranti, Joaquín Andrés Lombardelli, Florencia Judith Duartez, Lumila Curletto","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1592564","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1592564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. is an intestinal protozoan causing cryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease affecting humans and animals, with zoonotic potential. In immunocompromised individuals, infections can be severe or fatal. It is a major waterborne parasite and a leading cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves. This study systematically reviews <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. research in Argentina during the 21st century, highlighting its epidemiological significance and research gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO Argentina. Eligible studies (2001-2024) included human (community and hospital-based), animal (domestic, wild, and captive), and environmental (water, soil and vegetable) surveys. The review analyzed epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, genetic diversity, distribution, and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 277 articles reviewed, 66 met eligibility criteria. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. was detected in 17 of Argentina's 23 provinces, mainly in the Pampean region. Five species were identified (<i>C. hominis, C. parvum, C. suis, C. scrofarum,</i> and <i>C. varanii</i>), though genetic diversity studies remain limited. Human cryptosporidiosis primarily affects immunocompromised individuals (HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, hematologic cancer patients). The parasite was found in feces, duodenal biopsies, blood, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid, with complications such as cholangiopathy and pulmonary cryptosporidiosis. Infections with <i>C. hominis</i> and <i>C. parvum</i> (including co-infections) were observed, with multiple subtypes documented. In animals, <i>C. parvum</i> was prevalent in Pampean calves, while <i>C. suis</i> and <i>C. scrofarum</i> were found in domestic pigs. Wildlife, including non-human primates and coypu, also tested positive. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was detected in recreational and drinking water samples. No <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. oocysts were detected in soil. Risk factors included socio-economic conditions and animal management practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. is widely distributed in Argentina, yet eco-epidemiological transmission factors remain poorly understood, hindering control strategies. Limited research on genetic diversity and distribution highlights the need for further studies, particularly in vulnerable populations and areas of close human-animal interaction, such as productive systems. The presence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. in water underscores the importance of improving public health policies and water treatment standards. From a One Health perspective, these findings emphasize the need for enhanced epidemiological surveillance and research to strengthen prevention and control in Argentina.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1592564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and transcriptional profiles of ammonia oxidizing communities in Bohai sediments: abundance, activity, and environmental correlations.","authors":"Yining Jiang, Xue Lou, Mingyang Wang, Minggang Zheng, Zhiyao Wang, Hui Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1611213","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1611213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ammonia oxidation, a crucial part in nitrogen cycle, is thought to be jointly driven by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) in the ocean. However, the spatial distribution of these three ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the marine sediments, especially at the transcriptional level, remains underexplored. This study utilizes quantitative PCR and activity experiments to quantify the <i>amoA</i> gene of three ammonia oxidizers at both DNA and RNA levels, measure their potential nitrification rate, and assess their relative contribution to ammonia oxidation in the marine sediments in Bohai region in China. Further, we analyzed their correlations with key environmental factors. In the marine sediments of Bohai, the transcript abundance of AOA, AOB, and comammox <i>amoA</i> genes ranged from 7.31 × 10² to 9.82 × 10⁴, 5.77 × 10³ to 3.98 × 10⁴ and 1.07 × 10⁴ to 5.44 × 10⁴ copies g^-1 dry sediment, respectively. The results revealed that TN and TOC had significant effects on total <i>amoA</i> gene abundance and transcript abundance for all ammonia oxidizers. Besides, the relative contribution of AOB to ammonia oxidation was greater than that of AOA and comammox based on activity measurement, likely due to nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen. Our study demonstrated that RNA-based <i>amoA</i> abundance and activity measurements can accurately reflect the spatial variations of ammonia oxidizers in Bohai sediments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1611213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of an IncHI5-like plasmid co-harboring <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and <i>bla</i> _OXA-1 in <i>mcr-8.1</i>-positive <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolate.","authors":"Xu Liu, Tingting Zhang, Zhiyang Yu, Shangshang Qin, Muchen Zhang, Yan Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1601035","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1601035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of polymyxin-resistant carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) severely limits clinical treatment options and poses a significant threat to anti-infective therapy. In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of an IncHI5-like plasmid co-harboring <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and <i>bla</i> _OXA-1 in an <i>mcr-8.1</i>-positive clinical CRKP isolate using a combination of MIC testing, conjugation experiments, bacterial whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses. The ST626 CRKP strain KP19-2581, isolated from a human clinical infection, exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the colistin resistance gene <i>mcr-8.1</i> was located on an IncFIA/IncFII plasmid, flanked by the conserved structure IS<i>903B</i>-<i>orf-mcr-8.1</i>-<i>orf</i>-IS<i>903B</i>. In addition, strain KP19-2581 carried a novel IncHI5-like MDR plasmid, designated pKP19-2581-367k-HI5-NDM1, which co-harbored the <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and <i>bla</i> _OXA-1 genes. This plasmid contained two MDR regions, harboring a diverse array of resistance genes across multiple antibiotic classes. The dissemination of <i>bla</i> _OXA-1 in variable region is related to the structure of class 1 integron, while IS<i>26</i> mediates the integration of <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 on IncHI5-like plasmid. Notably, this is the first report of an IncHI5-like plasmid carrying both <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 and two copies of <i>bla</i> _OXA-1, along with multiple resistance genes and insertion sequences. Given its potential to acquire additional resistance determinants, this plasmid may serve as a reservoir for further antimicrobial resistance evolution, underscoring the urgent need for surveillance of IncHI5 plasmids to mitigate their clinical and epidemiological impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1601035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals in North America.","authors":"Mohamed Mediouni, Abdoulaye Baniré Diallo, Vladimir Makarenkov","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1542472","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1542472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global misuse of antimicrobial medication has further exacerbated the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), enriching the pool of genetic mechanisms previously adopted by bacteria to evade antimicrobial drugs. AMR can be either intrinsic or acquired. It can be acquired either by selective genetic modification or by horizontal gene transfer that allows microorganisms to incorporate novel genes from other organisms or environments into their genomes. To avoid an eventual antimicrobial mistreatment, the use of antimicrobials in farm animal has been recently reconsidered in many countries. We present a systematic review of the literature discussing the cases of AMR and the related restrictions applied in North American countries (including Canada, Mexico, and the USA). The Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched to find plausible information on antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals, covering the time period from 2015 to 2024. A total of 580 articles addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals in North America met our inclusion criteria. Different AMR rates, depending on the bacterium being observed, the antibiotic class being used, and the farm animal being considered, have been identified. We determined that the highest average AMR rates have been observed for pigs (60.63% on average), the medium for cattle (48.94% on average), and the lowest for poultry (28.43% on average). We also found that Cephalosporines, Penicillins, and Tetracyclines are the antibiotic classes with the highest average AMR rates (65.86%, 61.32%, and 58.82%, respectively), whereas the use of Sulfonamides and Quinolones leads to the lowest average AMR (21.59% and 28.07%, respectively). Moreover, our analysis of antibiotic-resistant bacteria shows that <i>Streptococcus suis (S. suis)</i> and <i>S. auerus</i> provide the highest average AMR rates (71.81% and 69.48%, respectively), whereas <i>Campylobacter spp</i>. provides the lowest one (29.75%). The highest average AMR percentage, 57.46%, was observed in Mexico, followed by Canada at 45.22%, and the USA at 42.25%, which is most probably due to the presence of various AMR control strategies, such as stewardship programs and AMR surveillance bodies, existing in Canada and the USA. Our review highlights the need for better strategies and regulations to control the spread of AMR in North America.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on enzyme activities and metabolomics of two <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> strains during fermentation of soybean paste.","authors":"Xiaodong Sun, Hong Yang, Guangwei Huo, Linlin Li, Guozhong Lyu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570939","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, two strains of <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> JSPP6_1 and GJY1_3 were isolated from naturally fermented soybean paste. In order to understand the potential role of the two strains in the fermentation of soybean paste, both strains were used for fermenting soybean paste, respectively. The fermentation period was 45 days, with samples taken every 5 days. Protease activities of GJY1_3 and JSPP6_1 reached their maximum value on the 15th day of fermentation, 108.95 ± 6.38 and 70.79 ± 2.13 U/mL, respectively. Lipase activities of JSPP6_1 reached the maximum at the 15th day of fermentation (14.52 ± 0.68 U/mL), while that of GJY1_3 reached the maximum at the 20th day of fermentation (7.41 ± 0.75 U/mL). Samples were taken for the metabolomic study on day 15 of fermentation. Fifty-three different metabolites were obtained, of which 33 were known, including seven amino acids, 18 organic acids and anhydrides, as well as a small amounts of sugars, glycolic acids and alcohols. Seventeen metabolic pathways were identified, of which six pathways were significant. The results showed that JSPP6_1 could produce more lipase, and the relative levels of various organic acids were higher in JSPP6_1. GJY1_3 may produce more protease, the relative contents of various amino acids being very higher in GJY1_3, including glutamic acid and glutamine, which are flavor amino acids. Both strains showed obvious functional differences in fermenting soybean paste.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient genomes reveal the genetic structure and population interaction in the Central Plains of China during the Eastern Zhou Period.","authors":"Xiyan Wu, Pengxiang Liu, Fei Yan, RongPeng Jin, Canshuo Zhong, Lin Wang, Ke Chen, Fan Yang, Linyi Nie, Jinteng Liang, Yawei Zhou, Baoxu Ding","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1602625","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1602625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Eastern Zhou period (770-256 BCE) was a transformative era in ancient China, marked by intensified social stratification, frequent warfare, and increased population movements. The Western Guo State, as an important vassal state during the Western Zhou period, migrated eastward with King Ping of Zhou and was eventually conquered by the Jin State. Due to limited genomic data, the genetic history of the Guo State population remains unclear. The Shangshihe cemetery, located in Yima City, Henan Province, is hypothesized to be associated with the Guo State and provides an opportunity to understand the genetic dynamics of this period. In our study, we successfully obtained 13 ancient genomes from the Shangshihe cemetery. Our findings suggest notable maternal and paternal genetic diversity within the Shangshihe population, although this observation is limited by the small sample size. Population genomic analysis shows that the Shangshihe individuals are predominantly of Yellow River Basin-related ancestry, with minor contributions from Southern East Asian-related and Eurasian Steppe-related sources. This genetic profile reflects extensive interactions between the Central Plains and surrounding populations during the Eastern Zhou period. Additionally, while distinct Y-chromosome haplogroups were observed among individuals with different burial orientations, autosomal analysis did not detect significant genetic differentiation, indicating overall genetic homogeneity within the population. These results not only elucidate the genetic characteristics of the Guo State population but also provide a new genetic perspective on the population dynamics and cultural exchanges in the Central Plains during the Eastern Zhou period.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1602625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into <i>Kocuria</i>: taxonomic revision and identification of five IAA-producing extremophiles.","authors":"Cong-Jian Li, Zhu-Ming Jiang, Xiao-Yang Zhi, Hua-Hong Chen, Li-Yan Yu, Guang-Fu Li, Yu-Qin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547983","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desert ecosystems have increasingly piqued the interest of microbiologists seeking novel bioactive compounds, as they are viewed as a largely uncharted reservoir of extremophiles with remarkable resilience to severe conditions. The genus <i>Kocuria</i>, belonging to the phylum <i>Actinomycetota</i>, is particularly notable for its documented capacity to flourish in such extreme environmental conditions. In this study, a total of 21 <i>Kocuria</i> strains were isolated from various ecosystems. Using polyphasic taxonomy approaches, eight strains from desert soils (CPCC 205273^T, CPCC 205300, CPCC 205290, CPCC 205236^T, CPCC 205293, CPCC 205292^T, CPCC 205315^T, CPCC 205268^T) were identified representing five new species of the genus <i>Kocuria</i>. Strains CPCC 205281 and CPCC 205293 were identified as siblings of strain CPCC 205236^T, while strains CPCC 205290 and CPCC 205300 were identified as siblings of strain CPCC 205273^T. Additionally, <i>K. polaris</i> and <i>K</i>. <i>indcia</i> were determined to be the later heterotypic synonym of <i>K. rosea</i> and <i>K. marina</i>, respectively. Genomic analysis and physiological assays demonstrated that these previously uncharacterized strains were tolerant to high-level salt concentration and UV radiation, key survival traits in desert environments. The fermentation analysis revealed that most strains produced high-level contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), although the complete gene sets for IAA biosynthesis were found in only one strain. Comparative genome analysis further showed that genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and transports were significantly enriched in desert-derived <i>Kocuria</i> strains, indicating adaptation to desert habitats. Collectively, our findings enhance our understanding of <i>Kocuria</i> taxonomy and highlight their genetic adaptation strategies to extreme environments, with potential biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the gut microbiota in shaping the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of breast cancer.","authors":"Xiaoying Ren, Lixiang Zheng, Ling Huang, Jiangbo Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1591745","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1591745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of tumor cells, immune infiltrates, fibroblasts, and vascular components, is critically involved in tumor initiation, metastatic progression, and therapeutic response. In recent years, therapies targeting the TME have undergone rapid advancements, with the objective of enhancing antitumor immunity. Concurrently, mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in modulating host immunity, influencing metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, and immune equilibrium. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome influence breast cancer progression and patients' responses to immunotherapy. Therefore, modulating the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to enhance the clinical outcomes of TME-targeted immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its derived metabolites on breast cancer progression and immunotherapy prognosis and explore potential strategies to optimize immunotherapy through gut microbiota modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1591745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> co-drive dryland soil microbial community and enzyme responses.","authors":"Tao Zheng, Xianhuai Huang, Xiaoyu Zhou, Jizi Wu, Muhammad Aqeel Kamran, Xiongsheng Yu, Jing Qian","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1603488","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1603488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the impact of soil amendments on the structure of the soil microbial community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study focuses on dryland soil and employs indoor static cultivation as the experimental approach. It analyzes the impact and mechanism of adding rice straw biochar (S), rapeseed straw biochar (Y), and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> agent (J) separately and in combination on the soil microbial community structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental results indicated that, compared to the blank control (CK), the Y treatment increased the relative abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> by approximately 3.03% and significantly reduced the abundance of <i>Acidobacteria</i> (from 70.56% to 82.81%). The application of biochar and microbial inoculants significantly increased the relative abundance of <i>Ascomycota</i> (2.85% to 33.53%) and <i>Rozellomycota</i> (0.58% to 27.73%). Furthermore, the addition of soil amendments enhanced the richness (3.02% to 7.07%) and diversity (3.22% to 3.77%) of soil bacteria, as well as the microbial nitrogen content (3.7 to 9.3 times). Meanwhile, except for the YJ treatment, the richness of the fungal community decreased, while the diversity index increased. The experimental results showed that the application of rapeseed straw biochar or the compound microbial inoculant alone significantly increased soil urease activity, reaching 40.34 µg of NH⁺ ₄-N g^-1 of soil h^-1 and 40.29 µg of NH⁺ ₄-N g^-1 of soil h^-1 at the end of the incubation period, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, rapeseed straw biochar not only enhances the soil microbial community but also significantly influences soil enzyme activity. This study offers a scientific foundation for utilizing biochar and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to improve dryland soil, providing valuable insights for sustainable soil management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1603488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}