Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Urban wastewater overflows as hotspots for dissemination of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in the Suquía River, Argentina.","authors":"Susana Eugenia Ruiz, Fabrizzio Nicolas Morandini, María Emilia Panzetta, Flavio Gabriel Lipari, María Gabriela Irrazábal, Ricardo Toselli, Martín Der Ohannesian, Cristian Amieva, María Eugenia Valdes, Federico Javier Giraudo, María Del Rosario Rollán, Valeria Amé, Claudia Sola, Héctor Alex Saka","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1669531","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1669531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global challenge, yet the role of environmental dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria remains underexplored, particularly in developing regions. This study investigated urban wastewater overflows from public streets as vectors for extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> and <i>Aeromonas</i> in the Suquía River (Córdoba, Argentina). Sixty-two water samples were analyzed for coliform counts, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes. Horizontal gene transfer was assessed by conjugation. Sixty-five ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-producing isolates were recovered, including six carbapenemase producers subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Urban wastewater exhibited coliform levels >10⁸ MPN/100 mL, while river counts increased 2-5 logs at urban and downstream sites compared to upstream, where no resistant strains were detected. ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-producers occurred in ~70% of wastewater and river samples, mainly <i>Escherichia coli</i> harboring <i>bla_CTX-M</i> . Carbapenemase producers carried <i>bla_KPC-2</i> or <i>bla_NDM-1</i> in <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Citrobacter</i>, and <i>Aeromonas caviae</i>. WGS revealed extensive resistomes, virulence genes, and plasmid replicons, including IncU and IncA/C2 linked to carbapenemases. Conjugation confirmed plasmid-mediated transfer of β-lactamase genes, and genetic context analysis identified clinically recognized transposons. Notably, <i>Enterobacter kobei</i> and <i>Aeromonas caviae</i> from the river carried <i>bla_KPC-2</i> on plasmidic contigs combining clinical and environmental elements, consistent with genetic exchange within aquatic ecosystems and transfer of clinically significant resistance determinants to species adapted for riverine survival. These findings identify urban wastewater overflows as AMR hotspots that facilitate the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria and mobile resistance elements into urban and peri-urban aquatic environments, underscoring the need for integrated environmental AMR surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1669531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i> vs. <i>Citrus junos</i> rootstocks: reshaping lemon rhizosphere microecology through microbial and metabolic reprogramming.","authors":"Chunrui Long, Xiaomeng Fu, Qingjiang Wu, Shaohua Wang, Xianyan Zhou, Jiamei Mao, Lina Guo, Wenbin Shi, Hongxia Yang, Tiankun Yang, Yuxia Du, Jianqiang Yue, Dongming Wu, Hongming Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1650631","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1650631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trifoliate orange (<i>Poncirus trifoliata</i>L. Raf) and \"Ziyang Xiangcheng\" (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) are the predominant rootstocks for lemon production in China, exhibiting distinct adaptations to soil pH and differential impacts on plant resilience. As pivotal mediators of scion-soil interactions, rootstocks have emerged as key research targets for their regulatory potential in rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pot-cultured systems were established with lemon (<i>Citrus</i> × <i>limon</i> \"Eureka\") saplings grafted onto trifoliate orange (PTL) and \"Ziyang Xiangcheng\" (CJL) rootstocks. Integrated metagenomic and GC-MS metabolomic approaches were employed to analyze rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated no significant difference in rhizospheric microbial α-diversity (richness) between PTL and CJL, although PTL exhibited higher evenness. <i>β</i>-Diversity and LEfSe analysis revealed significant structural divergence in communities. A total of 15 differentially enriched genera across three phyla were identified, among which <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Cupriavidus</i>, and <i>Burkholderia</i> in CJL, along with <i>Sphingobium</i> in PTL, exhibited strong effects. Random forest modeling identified 15 key differential metabolites, with 4 significantly upregulated in CJL and 11 in PTL. Microbial-metabolite correlation and GSEA analysis uncovered 10 core pathways involving genetic information processing, energy metabolism, environmental adaptation, and disease resistance mechanisms. Soil analysis showed CJL significantly surpassed PTL in organic matter content, catalase activity and plant height, whereas PTL exhibited superior cellulase, sucrase and urease activities. Mechanistically, PTL appears to recruit <i>Pseudomonas mediterranea</i> via 1-Monostearin secretion to activate glycerolipid metabolism, enhancing drought tolerance. Its caffeate and salicyl alcohol-<i>β</i>-glucoside secretions potentially mobilize <i>Sphingobium</i> and <i>Ensifer</i> adhaerens to regulate amino sugar metabolism, promoting carbon sequestration and root defense. Conversely, CJL likely employs L-alanine exudation to recruit Pseudomonas putida, triggering exopolysaccharide biosynthesis through arginine-proline metabolism as a key tolerance mechanism (such as drought tolerance and alkali tolerance).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings elucidate rootstock-specific modulation of rhizosphere microecosystems, highlighting distinct microbial-metabolite interactions and tolerance mechanisms. These results provide theoretical support for precision rootstock selection and microbiome engineering to advance sustainable citrus production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1650631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial prodigiosin shows broad-spectrum bioactivity confirmed by experimental and computational analyses.","authors":"Muhammad Rafiq, Noor Ul Huda, Noor Hassan, Hazrat Ali, Abdul Tawab, Rizwan Bashir, Naveed Iqbal, Zara Rafaque, Faisal Ahmad, Yanyan Wang, Waqar Rauf, Anam Saqib, Iqra Jawad, Yingqian Kang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1676959","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1676959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing demand for natural bioactive compounds highlights the need for antimicrobial and antioxidative metabolites derived from microbial sources. Among them, prodigiosin, a red pigment from <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, displays potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, optimizing its production and understanding molecular interactions remain challenging. In this study, we identified an optimized process for enhanced yield using peptone meat extract (PM) media at an incubation temperature of 30 °C, which notably outperformed other tested conditions and media. The purified red pigment was further characterized by column and thin-layer chromatography, UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The pigment demonstrated an R <i>_f</i> value of 0.93 through column chromatography and TLC. The structural characteristics were established using UV-Vis (λ_max 536 nm), FT-IR, and ESI-MS/MS (m/z 324.3 amu), consistent with the prodiginine family. The characterized and purified prodigiosin showed excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> (28.2 ± 0.57 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (23.58 ± 0.6 mm), together with antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. Antioxidant analysis showed a dose-dependent radical-scavenging activity of up to 37.5% at 1000 μg/mL. To understand the mechanistic pathways, molecular docking revealed high binding affinities of the produced metabolite with key target sites as FKS1 (-7.2 kcal/mol) for antifungal inhibition, FabH (-7.3 kcal/mol) against antibacterial inhibition, and Keap1 (-8.3 kcal/mol) for antioxidant activity. Our findings not only feature prodigiosin's broad-spectrum bioactivity but also offer its interaction with molecular targets, providing the basis for developing this metabolite as a natural therapeutic agent in multiple industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals and agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1676959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of decomposition of biodegradable mulching films under variable soil microbial conditions.","authors":"Sung Jae Kim, Jun-Yeop Shim, Kyoung Min Park, Dong Il Park, Na Young Heo, Su Jin Hwang, Sung Hoon Park, Hyeon Woo Chung, Jae Myun Lee, Hee Chun Chung","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1674576","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1674576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biodegradable mulching films (BDMs) are sustainable alternatives to polyethylene, but their degradation efficiency is strongly influenced by soil microbial composition. This study investigated the effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, two soil bacteria with distinct metabolic traits, on the decomposition of BDMs with different structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three biodegradable films (BDM1, BDM2, BDM3) and a polyethylene control were buried in soils containing native microbes, <i>B. subtilis</i>, or <i>C. perfringens</i> and incubated for 210 days. Degradation was evaluated by weight loss, soil pH, microbial viability, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of surface morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All BDMs degraded significantly more than polyethylene. The monolayer BDM3 exhibited the greatest weight loss and surface damage. Soils inoculated with <i>C. perfringens</i> underwent strong acidification (final pH < 5.5), which accelerated degradation, especially in CaCO₃-containing films. Although <i>C. perfringens</i> viability declined over time, accumulated acids sustained film breakdown. By contrast, <i>B. subtilis</i> maintained higher soil populations, promoted gradual degradation, and preserved near-neutral pH, resulting in moderate weight loss.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that soil pH modulation and microbial activity jointly determine BDM degradation. While <i>C. perfringens</i> enhanced film loss through acidification, its agricultural use may pose risks including excessive soil acidification and pathogenicity. <i>B. subtilis</i> provided safer but slower biodegradation. Among the tested films, monolayer BDM3 was most susceptible to breakdown, making it a promising candidate for field application. Careful management of microbial inoculants and soil pH will be essential to maximize BDM performance and environmental safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1674576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic study of Jiawei Zicao Plaster in atopic dermatitis via IL-17 signaling pathway and skin microbiome modulation.","authors":"Andong Wang, Tingting Chen, Hongtao Zhang, Yuru Yang, Xiaotian Cheng, Di Chen, Bai Ling","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668089","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent and difficult-to-cure chronic inflammatory skin condition. The mechanism of Jiawei Zicao Plaster (JZP), a clinically used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for AD, remains incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following successful model induction, JZP was topically applied to the dorsal skin of mice. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through histopathological examination of skin sections and quantification of inflammatory biomarkers using ELISA. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we performed qRT-PCR to analyze gene expression in related signal pathway, along with 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize skin microbiota composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacological analysis revealed that JZP may exert therapeutic effects by targeting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory pathways. Subsequent <i>in vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that JZP effectively ameliorates biochemical markers of AD by activating the IL-17 pathway. Analysis of skin microbiota indicated that JZP treatment led to an increase in <i>Chryseobacterium</i> abundance and a decrease in <i>Staphylococcus</i> abundance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study seeks to validate the efficacy of JPZ as a treatment for AD. Initial findings suggest that JPZ attains its therapeutic efficacy through the synergistic actions of IL-17 and antibacterial properties, providing a theoretical basis for the future development and application of this traditional Chinese medicine formula.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1668089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reassessment of the infra-species diversity patterns in the wine-associated <i>Oenococcus oeni</i>.","authors":"Florencia Oviedo-Hernandez, Magali Bou-Deleris, Sibylle Krieger-Weber, Florian Claisse, Jovnna Dereme, Claire Le Marrec, Olivier Claisse","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657712","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Oenococcus oeni</i> is the predominant species of lactic acid bacteria in wine, where it carries out malolactic fermentation (MLF), which helps to ensure and preserve the quality of the wine. Today, existing combinations of grape varieties, soil composition, fluctuating climatic parameters, and specific technical processes implemented by wineries lead to incredibly varied wine compositions that pose challenges for spontaneous MLF. Commercial starter cultures have been developed for use as inoculants. However, their effectiveness in ensuring consistent and reliable MLF is also limited in modern wines. The selection process must therefore adapt to these new challenges, which means expanding current portfolios by selecting more robust bacteria from wines that are more varied in terms of grape varieties and chemical constraints. We have assembled a set of 21 wines produced in Europe from different grape varieties, with varying and, in some cases, extreme ethanol contents, total polyphenolic indices, and pH levels. The isolation and MLVA typing of 385 dominant colonies were combined with whole-genome sequencing of 48 representative strains, and we observed several strains with unique accessory genomic content. Different selective pressures led to the formation of groups of genetically related individuals, particularly in white and rosé wines with moderate ethanol content. However, cohabiting strains with contrasting genetic profiles were also observed in some red wines. Our data highlight the complexity of the factors involved in population heterogeneity and raise the possibility that this phenomenon may increase fitness through diversification of strategies or division of labor in specific production environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1657712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced modulation of gut microbiota in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Weian Lin, Lei Pu, Xingyu Qian, Jinchen Pan, Ruiqi Cheng, Peng Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1671975","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1671975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on gut microbiota in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), including alpha-diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed OTUs) and taxonomic composition, to explore the potential role of gut microbiota in mediating the effects of exercise on disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 19 studies comprising 1,062 participants were included. Alpha-diversity indices and taxonomic changes were analyzed using meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on exercise type and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly increased the Shannon index in both the obesity group (SMD = 0.40 [0.15, 0.65], <i>P</i> = 0.002) and the T2D group (SMD = 0.48 [0.08, 0.88], <i>P</i> = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in the Simpson index or observed OTUs. The Chao1 index showed a significant improvement in individuals with obesity (SMD = 0.45 [0.06, 0.85], <i>P</i> = 0.03). Subgroup analyses indicated that combined exercise produced more pronounced effects than aerobic exercise alone in both the obesity group (SMD = 0.42, <i>P</i> = 0.02) and the T2D group (SMD = 0.69, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Younger individuals (<50 years) were more responsive to exercise interventions (Obesity: SMD = 0.32, <i>P</i> = 0.027; T2D: SMD = 0.86, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Qualitative synthesis revealed consistent enrichment of butyrate-producing taxa (notably Roseburia and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>) and <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, while responses of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and genus-level taxa such as <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i> varied across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise significantly enhances gut microbiota diversity in individuals with obesity and T2D, with combined exercise showing potentially greater benefits. Younger populations may respond more effectively to exercise interventions. Future research should further investigate the effects of personalized exercise strategies.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251015520, identifier CRD420250653594.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1671975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-cohort metagenomics reveals strain functional heterogeneity and demonstrates fecal microbial load correction improves colorectal cancer diagnostic models.","authors":"Qiucheng Li, Fang Liu, Jianfeng Zhong, Xiaoling Fang, Xinyi Zhang, Huizhen Xiong, Guangyi Li, Honglei Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1656016","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1656016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is strongly associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. While numerous studies have examined this association, most focus on genus- or species-level taxonomic classifications, overlooking functional heterogeneity at the strain level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated 1,123 metagenomic samples from seven global CRC cohorts to conduct multi-level metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS). Fecal microbial load (FML) correction was applied to mitigate technical confounding. We evaluated the performance of taxonomic models at various resolutions strain, species, and genus levels in classifying CRC status both within and across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strain-level analysis revealed conspecific strains with divergent associations to CRC. For instance, distinct strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exhibited both protective and risk-increasing effects across different cohorts. Genomic functional annotation suggested potential mechanistic bases for these opposing roles. Correction for FML reduced confounding and significantly improved the performance of within-cohort and cross-cohort CRC classification models. Interestingly, genus- and species-level models demonstrated superior predictive robustness compared to strain-level models, likely due to higher microbial abundance and greater cross-population conservation at these taxonomic ranks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study underscores the biological relevance of strain level analysis in elucidating functional diversity within the microbiome. However, higher taxonomic levels provide more robust and clinically translatable diagnostic markers for CRC. Integrating FML correction with multi-level taxonomic profiling enhances both mechanistic insight into microbiom CRC interactions and the generalizability of diagnostic models across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1656016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference and environmental drivers of bacterial communities on wall paintings of the Maijishan and Mogao Grottoes, China.","authors":"Wenxia Ma, Qiqi Chen, Fasi Wu, Dongpeng He, Yulong Duan, Yongqiang Yue, Ji-Dong Gu, Xiaoyan Yang, Huyuan Feng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657118","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1657118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Maijishan and Mogao Grottoes, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites along the Silk Road, are increasingly threatened by microbial biodeterioration. To characterize bacterial communities of different microbial damages on wall paintings and identify environmental drivers, we combined high-throughput DNA/RNA sequencing with microenvironmental monitoring and conducted a cross-site comparison. At Maijishan, bacterial communities associated with black and white mycelia showed no significant compositional differences within the same cave but varied markedly between caves, indicating site-specific community assembly. Actinobacteria (>50%), particularly <i>Pseudonocardia</i> and <i>Actinomycetospora</i>, predominated, while RNA-based analysis revealed active populations of <i>Escherichia</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>, likely introduced via exogenous contamination from animal activities. In contrast, black spots from the Mogao Grottoes were dominated by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, with <i>Rhodococcus</i> as a core genus. No core bacterial OTUs were shared between the sites, suggesting strong microenvironmental filtering. Multivariate analysis identified substrate properties (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH) and microclimatic fluctuations (diurnal temperature/humidity ranges) as critical drivers. Maijishan's persistently humid conditions (RH > 70% for over 180 days/ year) favored Actinobacteria proliferation, whereas Mogao's arid climate (RH < 70% for over 240 days/year) selected for xerotolerant Firmicutes. These results reveal distinct site-specific microbial colonization patterns and provide a scientific basis for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate microbial damage and preserve these invaluable wall paintings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1657118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Microbial stress mitigation and crop improvement using multiomics holistic approach.","authors":"Renu S, Prem Lal Kashyap, Khan Mohd Sarim","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1682186","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1682186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1682186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}