Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> alleviate <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium-induced murine inflammatory/oxidative responses via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and cecal microbiota.","authors":"Haihua Li, Xinyi Ma, Zhiyuan Shang, Xuejiao Liu, Jiayun Qiao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1483705","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1483705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium (<i>S</i>. Typhimurium) infection can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, leading to gastroenteritis, fever and other diseases in humans and animals. More and more studies have emphasized the broad prospects of probiotics in improving inflammation and oxidative stress, but the ability and mechanism of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (LA) to alleviate the inflammatory/oxidative reaction caused by pathogens are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In this study, we treated the mice with LA for 14 days, infected them with <i>S</i>. Typhimurium for 24 h, and sacrificed the mice to collect samples. We found that the early intervention of LA alleviated the pathological injury and reversed the down-regulation of the duodenal and hepatic tight junction protein mRNA levels caused by <i>S</i>. Typhimurium infection. Compared with <i>S</i>. Typhimurium group, LA early intervention increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, but decreased the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, LA early intervention significantly increased <i>Nrf2</i> mRNA expression in the liver and decreased <i>Keap1</i> mRNA expression in the duodenum compared to the <i>S</i>. Typhimurium group. Furthermore, early LA treatment reduced the abundance of <i>Bacteroides acidificiens</i>, increased the abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i>, and alleviated the decrease in SCFAs levels in the cecum of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium-infected mice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between cecal flora and serum indicators and short chain fatty acids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, the results indicate that LA early intervention may alleviates <i>S</i>. Typhimurium-induced inflammation and oxidative responses in mice by activating the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and regulating the gut microbial community.</p><p><strong>Significance and impact of the study: </strong>Exploring the ability of LA to resist animal oxidative stress and microflora regulation caused by pathogenic microbes, so as to provide more options for developing healthy disease-resistant feed additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1483705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Emerging technologies for viability enumeration of live microorganisms.","authors":"Hanan R Shehata, Marco Pane, Elna M Buys, Binu Koshy, Christina S Vegge, Jean L Schoeni","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1546438","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1546438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1546438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and pathogenicity variation of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> in China.","authors":"Wei Wu, Yuchen Chen, Huimin Huang, Rongfang Li, Bohan Yang, Junli Lv, Ling Yin, Junjie Qu, Shiren Song, Yachun Peng, Peining Fu, Jiang Lu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine downy mildew caused by <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> (Pv) is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine in China. To understand the origin and pathogenicity of Chinese Pv, a total of 193 single-sporangiophore isolates were obtained from 14 Chinese major viticulture areas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Chinese Pv isolates originate from North America and belong to the <i>P. viticola</i> clade <i>aestivalis</i>. Host range experiments reveal that Chinese Pv are able to infect a wide range of <i>Vitis</i> species from different geographic origins, including Eurasian species <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, North American species <i>V. aestivalis</i>, <i>V. riparia</i>, and <i>V. rupestris</i>, and East Asian <i>Vitis</i> species <i>V. davidii</i>, <i>V. amurensis</i>, and <i>V. hancockii.</i> Analyses of the interactions between Pv isolates and grapevines reveal that the virulence of Pv isolates is correlated with the occurrence time and magnitude of hypersensitive response-mediating leaf necrosis in grape leaves caused by Pv. These understandings of genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Chinese Pv isolate would be useful to develop strategies for controlling grapevine downy mildew spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1433024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential geographical distribution of <i>Cordyceps cicadae</i> and its two hosts in China under climate change.","authors":"Junyi Chen, Donglan He","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The fungus <i>Cordyceps cicadae</i> is both edible and medicinal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To acquire a thorough comprehension of its distribution in China, two host insects, <i>Macrosemia pieli</i> and <i>Platypleura kaempferi</i>, were selected as biological factors potentially associated with its distribution, the ENMTools program was utilized to ascertain the principal environmental factors affecting the distribution of potentially suitable habitats. The possible geographic distributions in the present as well as in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s were then predicted using the optimized MaxEnt model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary environmental variables were soil pH, mean diurnal range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest month. <i>C. cicadae</i> thrived on steep slopes. and some of which also significantly affect the distribution of its two hosts. Most of the suitable habitats of <i>C. cicadae</i> and <i>M. pieli</i> were currently found in the subtropical monsoon zone. The SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios were associated with positive, stable, and unfavorable impacts on the extent of suitable habitats for <i>C. cicadae</i>, respectively, and the suitability of <i>P. kaempferi</i> decreased under three different conditions. The expansion of the <i>C. cicadae</i> was observed in provinces bordering the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, as well as in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and northern Yunnan Province. Conversely, its habitat contraction was mainly found in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi, northern Hainan, southwestern Yunnan, and areas bordering eastern Sichuan. The shared contraction regions with its two hosts were primarily located in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi, and southern Sichuan. Moreover, the future centroids were found at higher elevations than the present ones in the provinces of Jiangxi and Hunan.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In light of climate change, this research held significance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of <i>C. cicadae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1519560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11778177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the microbiome recruited by the endangered plant <i>Firmiana danxiaensis</i> in phosphorus-deficient acidic soil.","authors":"Jiayu Li, Guangda Tang, Hongwei Liu, Xiaoying Luo, Juntao Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1439446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P)-deficient soils serve as crucial habitats for endangered plant species. Microbiomes play pivotal roles in soil element cycling and in determining a plant's adaptability to the environment. However, the relationship between the endangered plant, microbiome, and soil stoichiometric traits, and how it affects plant adaption to P-deficient habitats remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the microbiome (bacteria and fungi) in the rhizosphere of <i>Firmiana danxiaensis,</i> an endangered plant species growing exclusively in P-deficient acidic soils on Mt. Danxia, South China; the non-endangered coexisting tree species <i>Pinus massoniana was used as a reference.</i> Our results showed that soil traits in the rhizosphere of <i>F. danxiaensis</i> differed significantly from that of <i>P. massoniana</i>, including higher soil pH, lower C:N, and higher N:P. The rhizosphere of <i>F. danxiaensis</i> harbors higher microbial diversity and different microbial communities from <i>P. massoniana</i>. Using the machine learning approach, we characterized 76 bacterial and 20 fungal phylotypes dominated in <i>F. danxiaensis</i> rhizosphere, most of which had strong impacts on microbial ecological network structure (they accounted for only 0.33% node numbers but linked 21.2% of the nodes in the network); specifically, <i>Udaeobacter</i> spp., a highly abundant (constituting 4.07% of the total bacterial community) member of Verrucomicrobiota exclusively accumulated in the rhizosphere of <i>F. danxiaensis</i> but not <i>P. massoniana</i>, demonstrated a pronounced ecological prefers toward <i>F. danxiaensis</i> rhizosphere habitat (high pH, low C:N and high N:P) and potential antagonistic indication. In contrast, <i>P. massoniana</i> rhizosphere harbored more Subgroup2 of <i>Acidobacteria</i> and <i>Gammaproteobacterial</i> N-fixer. Taken together, this study provided novel evidence that endangered plants recruited a unique microbiome characterized by <i>Udaeobacter</i> spp. favoring high N habitat. It contributes not only to our understanding of microbiome recruitment by plants in P-deficient acidic soils, but also underscores the importance of microbiome in the conservation and population restoration of endangered plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1439446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygenation and intestinal perfusion and its association with perturbations of the early life gut microbiota composition of children with congenital heart disease.","authors":"Hanna Renk, Ulrich Schoppmeier, Jennifer Müller, Vanessa Kuger, Felix Neunhoeffer, Christian Gille, Silke Peter","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early life gut microbiota is known to shape the immune system and has a crucial role in immune homeostasis. Only little is known about composition and dynamics of the intestinal microbiota in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and potential influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the intestinal microbial composition of neonates with CHD (<i>n</i> = 13) compared to healthy controls (HC, <i>n</i> = 30). Fecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics. Different approaches of statistical modeling were applied to assess the impact of influencing factors on variation in species composition. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the microbial composition of neonates with CHD was used to detect associations of distinct clusters with intestinal tissue oxygenation and perfusion parameters, obtained by the \"oxygen to see\" (O2C) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, neonates with CHD showed an intestinal core microbiota dominated by the genera <i>Enterococcus</i> (27%) and <i>Staphylococcus</i> (20%). Furthermore, a lower abundance of the genera <i>Bacteroides</i> (8% vs. 14%), <i>Parabacteroides</i> (1% vs. 3%), <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (4% vs. 12%), and <i>Escherichia</i> (8% vs. 23%) was observed in CHD compared to HCs. CHD patients that were born by vaginal delivery showed a lower fraction of the genera <i>Bacteroides</i> (15% vs. 21%) and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (7% vs. 22%) compared to HCs and in those born by cesarean section, these genera were not found at all. In infants with CHD, we found a significant impact of oxygen saturation (SpO2) on relative abundances of the intestinal core microbiota by multivariate analysis of variance (<i>F</i>[8,2] = 24.9, <i>p</i> = 0.04). Statistical modeling suggested a large proportional shift from a microbiota dominated by the genus <i>Streptococcus</i> (50%) in conditions with low SpO2 towards the genus <i>Enterococcus</i> (61%) in conditions with high SpO2. We identified three distinct compositional microbial clusters, corresponding neonates differed significantly in intestinal blood flow and global gut perfusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early life differences in gut microbiota of CHD neonates versus HCs are possibly linked to oxygen levels. Delivery method may affect microbiota stability. However, further studies are needed to assess the effect of potential interventions including probiotics or fecal transplants on early life microbiota perturbations in neonates with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1468842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic strategies decoded by genome and transcriptome analysis of <i>Fusarium nematophilum</i> strain NQ8GII4.","authors":"Siyuan Yan, Qingchen Zhang, Shuxin Jia, Miaomiao Guo, Qiangqiang Zhang, Peiwen Gu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1487022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1487022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Fusarium nematophilum</i> strain NQ8GII4 is an endophytic fungus with significant potential for improving growth and disease resistance of alfalfa. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between NQ8GII4 and alfalfa roots remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted (1) a comparative genomic analysis of selected saprophytic, pathogenic, and endophytic fungi, including molecular phylogeny analysis, whole-genome alignment, and divergence date estimation positioning, and (2) transcriptomic profiling of alfalfa roots infected with NQ8GII4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings reveal that NQ8GII4 is genetically closely related to <i>F. solani</i>, suggesting it diverged from <i>Fusarium</i> phytopathogens. During the early stages of symbiosis establishment, genes encoding glycosyltransferases (GTs), fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes (FCWDEs), and steroid-14α-demethylase (CYP51) were significantly downregulated, potentially suppressing hyphal growth of the fungus. Once symbiosis was established, NQ8GII4 secreted effectors that activated plant immunity, which in turn could slow growth of the fungus. Moreover, genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, such as type I polyketide synthases (T1PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), were significantly downregulated. Homologs of autophagy-related genes, including <i>ATG1, ATG2, ATG11</i>, and others, were also downregulated, suggesting that reduced phytotoxin production and autophagy inhibition is a consequence of NQ8GII4's symbiosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study investigated the comprehensive molecular and genetic mechanisms governing the interaction between NQ8GII4 and alfalfa roots. Beyond the NQ8GII4-alfalfa system, these findings also provide a valuable molecular framework for understanding the mechanism of interactions between endophytic fungi and their host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1487022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to medically important antimicrobials in broiler and layer farms in Cameroon and its relation with biosecurity and antimicrobial use.","authors":"Ronald Vougat Ngom, Andrea Laconi, Roberta Tolosi, Adonis M M Akoussa, Stephane D Ziebe, Vincent M Kouyabe, Alessandra Piccirillo","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1517159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1517159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poultry production accounts for 42% of Cameroonian meat production. However, infectious diseases represent the main hindrance in this sector, resulting in overuse and misuse of antimicrobials that can contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to carbapenems (<i>bla_VIM-2</i> and <i>bla_NDM</i> ), (fluoro) quinolones (<i>qnrS</i>, <i>qnrA</i>, and <i>qnrB</i>), polymyxins (<i>mcr1</i> to <i>mcr5</i>), and macrolides (<i>ermA</i> and <i>ermB</i>) in the poultry farm environment. Additionally, the study examined the relationship between these ARGs and biosecurity implementation, as well as farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR, including their perception of AMR risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fecal, drinking water, and biofilm samples from drinking water pipelines were collected from 15 poultry farms and subsequently analyzed by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA NGS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All samples tested positive for genes conferring resistance to (fluoro) quinolones, 97.8% to macrolides, 64.4% to polymyxins, and 11.1% to carbapenems. Of concern, more than half of the samples (64.4%) showed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern (i.e., resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Drinking water and biofilm microbial communities significantly differed from the one of the fecal samples, both in term of diversity (<i>α</i>-diversity) and composition (<i>β</i>-diversity). Furthermore, opportunistic pathogens (i.e., Comamonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae) were among the most abundant bacteria in drinking water and biofilm. The level of biosecurity implementation was intermediate, while the knowledge and attitude of poultry farmers toward AMU were insufficient and unsuitable, respectively. Good practices toward AMU were found to be correlated with a reduction in polymyxins and MDR.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides valuable information on resistance to medically important antimicrobials in poultry production in Cameroon and highlights their potential impact on human and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1517159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials-plants-microbes interaction: plant growth promotion and stress mitigation.","authors":"Gurleen Kaur Sodhi, Tharuka Wijesekara, Kailash Chand Kumawat, Priyanka Adhikari, Kuldeep Joshi, Smriti Singh, Beatrice Farda, Rihab Djebaili, Enrico Sabbi, Fares Ramila, Devendra Sillu, Gustavo Santoyo, Sergio de Los Santos-Villalobos, Ajay Kumar, Marika Pellegrini, Debasis Mitra","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1516794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1516794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinization, extreme climate conditions, and phytopathogens are abiotic and biotic stressors that remarkably reduce agricultural productivity. Recently, nanomaterials have gained attention as effective agents for agricultural applications to mitigate such stresses. This review aims to critically appraise the available literature on interactions involving nanomaterials, plants, and microorganisms. This review explores the role of nanomaterials in enhancing plant growth and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. These materials can be synthesized by microbes, plants, and algae, and they can be applied as fertilizers and stress amelioration agents. Nanomaterials facilitate nutrient uptake, improve water retention, and enhance the efficiency of active ingredient delivery. Nanomaterials strengthen plant antioxidant systems, regulate photosynthesis, and stabilize hormonal pathways. Concurrently, their antimicrobial and protective properties provide resilience against biotic stressors, including pathogens and pests, by promoting plant immune responses and optimizing microbial-plant symbiosis. The synergistic interactions of nanomaterials with beneficial microorganisms optimize plant growth under stress conditions. These materials also serve as carriers of nutrients, growth regulators, and pesticides, thus acting like \"smart fertilizers. While nanotechnology offers great promise, addressing potential environmental and ecotoxicological risks associated with their use is necessary. This review outlines pathways for leveraging nanotechnology to achieve resilient, sustainable, and climate-smart agricultural systems by integrating molecular insights and practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1516794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biorefinery-inspired, two-step valorization strategy to manage plant-based recalcitrant organic waste, involving solvent extraction, and fermentation with <i>Bacillus clausii</i>-a proof of concept study.","authors":"Sreejith Meppoyilam, Ajith Madhavan, Chinchu Bose, Jayasree Pooja, Swetha Suresh, Bipin G Nair, Sanjay Pal","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1507918","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1507918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 40-50% of municipal solid waste is organic and causing biogenic malodor and infections, due to inefficient treatment methods. Biorefinery-based bioremediation and valorization is in vogue against these conventional strategies since it combines unit operations for better efficiency and productivity. Deriving inspiration, the proposed strategy puts together a unique and compatible combination of processes. This novel two-step valorization workflow involves the extraction of small molecules using organic solvents, and fermentation of resulting denatured residues (increased biodegradability or decreased recalcitrance) of reduced microbial load. The extraction step also doubles up as a sterilization event, with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl methyl ketone and methanol) exhibiting varied efficiency, methanol and ethyl methyl ketone being the most effective. Different recalcitrant plant organic wastes resulting from four plants (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>, <i>Allium cepa</i>, <i>Artocarpus hirsutus</i> and <i>Swietenia mahagoni</i>) were used as feedstocks in the preliminary exploratory study using chosen pathogenic bacteria. Onion peel (<i>Allium cepa</i>) ethyl methyl ketone extract was chosen for further studies, as it inhibits <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, which is associated with infection and malodour (due to biogenic H₂S) in wastewater. Further, fractionation of the extract yielded quercetin and its glycoside. The onion peel residue, after solvent extraction was fortified with peptone and essential minerals to promote the growth of <i>Bacillus clausii</i>. Fortified post-extraction residue supported the growth better than the pre-extraction residue. The residue resultant after solvent extraction was fermented with <i>Bacillus clausii</i> and with release of bioactive supernatants. The concentrated supernatant showed significant inhibition of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>. Additionally, all the exudates showed considerable inhibition in H₂S production, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1507918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}