Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Association between oral microbiome diversity and kidney stones: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Zufa Zhang, Sheng Guan, Li Chen, Fengze Jiang, Huqiang Dong, Zuyi Chen, Long Lv, Hongxuan Song, Weibing Sun, Danni He, Sixiong Jiang, Feng Tian","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1600961","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1600961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney stones are a common urologic disorder that imposes a significant burden on global public health. This study aimed to determine the association between oral microbiome diversity and kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this study came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012 survey cycle. Use of alpha diversity to assess oral microbiome diversity. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association between different alpha-diversity indicators and kidney stones. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to assess the stability of the association between alpha-diversity and kidney stones. Restricted cubic spline plots were used to assess non-linear associations and dose-response relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 5,870 eligible participants with a mean age of 43.74 years at baseline. After adjusting for all covariates, the observed oral microbiome diversity was significantly negatively associated with the risk of kidney stones (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that oral microbiome diversity was negatively associated with the risk of kidney stones in certain populations, particularly among those aged 40-60 years, men, obese, with moderate to high cardiovascular health scores, smokers, and those without hypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a significant non-linear negative correlation between the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices and the risk of kidney stones (<i>p</i> for non-linear < 0.05). Since our study was a cross-sectional design, the main limitation was the inability to prove causality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we found an inverse relationship between oral microbiome diversity and kidney stone risk observed in alpha diversity. This reveals the complexity of host-microbiome interactions, and further mechanistic studies are necessary to elucidate these complex roles in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1600961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology and characterization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from raw milk in Jilin, China: evidence of contamination with <i>optrA</i>-positive, <i>cfrA</i>-positive, and <i>poxtA</i>-positive strains and human-livestock transmission.","authors":"Qianhong Liu, Pengming Ma, Qiaoyi Gu, Wen Yang, Chunhua Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547283","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jilin province is the primary region for dairy cow and milk production in China. However, there are few reports on the genetic characteristics, antibiotic resistance, and prevalence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) in raw milk. Between 2021 and 2022, researchers identified 214 <i>S. aureus</i> strains, with a prevalence rate of 42.8% in cattle farms across Jilin province. Among the 214 strains, 22 isolates of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) were identified, with 13 exhibiting prevalent antibiotic resistance. Penicillin exhibited the highest resistance rate (145/214, 67.76%). The profiles of drug resistance, pathogenicity, genetic traits, and biofilm formation were examined through whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 44 isolates, comprising 22 MRSA strains and 22 methicillin-sensitive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MSSA) strains. Of the 44 isolates, 25 (56.82%) exhibited multiple resistance, while 31 (70.45%) demonstrated drug resistance characteristics. We identified 12 distinct types of drug resistance genes, including those associated with tetracycline, quaternary ammonium salt disinfection, and <i>β</i>-lactam. Six strains were found to carry genes conferring resistance to linezolid. The <i>Aur</i> and <i>hlgA/B/C</i> virulence genes were identified in at least 90% of the strains, with ST9-t899 emerging as the predominant type. Human-livestock transmission may be present, as indicated by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and WGS data. The isolates also exhibited increased resistance. Moreover, strong biofilm formation was observed among the MRSA strains compared to the MSSA strains. The isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance, a broad spectrum of drug resistance, and various drug resistance phenotypes. CC398 and CC9 demonstrated potential for human-to-livestock transmission, as evidenced by the identification of 22 CC9 and 15 CC15 strains among the 44 isolates. <i>OptrA, cfrA,</i> and <i>poxtA</i> genes were identified in five, seven, and one strains, respectively, indicating contamination within the population. Given that raw milk is a fundamental food source, it is essential to monitor the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of <i>S. aureus</i> to ensure food safety and hygiene. From a One Health perspective, controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial as it can be transmitted from food-producing animals to humans, thus impacting public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased maternal exercise of moderate intensity improves pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus patients through maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota.","authors":"Mengyan Xu, Xinru Ye, Fengcheng Cai, Yingying Wu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1526714","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1526714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise therapy can reduce insulin resistance during pregnancy and improve glucose tolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), leading to better pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise levels on GDM from the perspective of gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety patients with GDM were enrolled and divided into two groups: the L (<i>n</i> = 50) and the M (<i>n</i> = 40) groups. The L group performed 150 min of aerobic exercise per week, while the M group exercised for 200 min per week. After 8 weeks of intervention, fecal samples from each subject were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different exercise levels significantly affected membrane rupture and gestational weight gain in GDM patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but these effects were not significantly correlated by logistic regression analysis (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After sequencing, 4,712 OTUs and 3,483 OTUs were identified in the M and L groups, respectively, with 2,643 OTUs overlapping between both groups. Compared to the L group, the α-diversity in the M group was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The dominant phyla were <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, and <i>Bacteroidota</i>. Compared to the L group, the M group had a significantly higher abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and a significantly lower abundance of <i>Actinobacteriota</i>. At the genus level, LEfSe analysis revealed that moderate-intensity exercise increased the levels of <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Agathobacter</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, and <i>Osillospira</i>, but decreased the abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Coprobacillus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were significant differences in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota of patients with GDM with different exercise levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1526714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting inhibits the development of colorectal cancer in APC ^<i>Min</i>/+ mice through gut microbiota and its related metabolites.","authors":"Jia Chen, Rishun Su, Yulong He, Jiong Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1563224","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1563224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Intermittent fasting is an emerging dietary approach, but its specific role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between intermittent fasting and colorectal development in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, APC ^<i>Min</i>/+ mouse models (a spontaneous model of colorectal cancer) were subjected to intermittent fasting intervention (2 days/week) with regular monitoring of body weight changes. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were employed to analyze alterations in fecal microbial community structure and metabolic profiles following the fasting intervention. Tumor development was quantitatively assessed by enumerating CRC lesions using HE staining, while histopathological evaluation was performed to determine the degree of neoplastic progression. Concurrently, western blotting was conducted to examine the expression levels of intestinal barrier function-related proteins. Finally, <i>in vitro</i> validation experiments, including colony formation assay and transwell invasion assay, were performed to investigate the effects of the key microbial metabolite isovaleric acid on the proliferative and invasive capacities of CRC cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intermittent fasting significantly reduced tumor incidence by approximately 50% compared to the control group (1.25 ± 0.38 vs 2.50 ± 0.38 tumors/mouse, <i>P</i> = 0.017) and markedly attenuated tumor progression. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed significant enrichment of two key bacterial genera, <i>Alistipes</i> (P = 0.030) and <i>Odoribacter</i> (<i>P</i> = 0.030), along with a significant reduction in fecal isovaleric acid levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the intermittent fasting group. Furthermore, intermittent fasting effectively controlled body weight gain (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and significantly improved intestinal barrier function (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>In vitro</i> experiments further demonstrated that isovaleric acid directly promoted CRC cell proliferation (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and enhanced their invasive capacity (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intermittent fasting suppresses CRC development in mice through its effects on gut microbiota and related metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1563224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple strategies were adopted to optimize the enzymatic characteristics and improve the expression of bovine chymosin BtChy in <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> for cheese production.","authors":"Ying Han, Liu-Qun Zhang, De-Ming Rao, Lei Lei, Jiang-Ke Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605229","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chymosin (EC3.4.23.4), primarily sourced from calf abomasum, serves as a conventional coagulant in milk curdling during cheese production. To improve the enzymatic properties and enhance the expression of calf chymosin (BtChy) in <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> to meet the demands of the cheese industry, the <i>in silico</i> engineering via hotspot scanning and molecular dynamics analysis was adopted. This approach improved the activity of BtChy on milk curdling and increased its sensitivity at 65°C. Multiple strategies were utilized to develop an environmentally friendly method for chymosin production. These included screening for constitutive promoters and signal peptides, as well as <i>in vitro</i> construction of a concatemer of the BtChy gene. The optimal combination, comprising the P_TDH3 promoter, invertase signal peptide, and a four-copy BtChy gene integrated into the yeast genome, was identified. After high-density cultivation in a 5-L bioreactor, the recombinant yeast achieved an activity of 42,000 SU/mL, a 52.5-fold increase over the original wild-type chymosin gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1605229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Microbial ecology supporting growth of free-living amoebae in natural and engineered water systems.","authors":"Elliott P Barnhart, Isabel Douterelo, Matthew J Morgan, Geoffrey J Puzon","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1620877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1620877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1620877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring current hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> infections: insights into pathogenesis, drug resistance, and vaccine prospects.","authors":"Qingjing Wang, Haojie Yu, Xueer Pan, Weichang Huang, Jonathan Lalsiamthara, Saif Ullah, Yongchang Xu, Anwei Lu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1604763","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1604763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a significant pathogenic bacterium responsible for a range of infections. The escalating prominence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in hospital-acquired infections is a deeply alarming trend that demands immediate attention and rigorous intervention. This article provides an up-to-date review of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>'s virulence factors, pathogenesis, and the mechanism driving drug resistance. It also explores the potential for safe and effective vaccine developments, vital for preventing and controlling these diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of classical and hypervirulent <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections, providing an overview of drug-resistance <i>K. pneumoniae</i> emergence, transmission, and prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1604763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinoceromics: a multi-amplicon study with clinical markers to transferrin saturation levels in ex-situ black rhinoceros (<i>Diceros bicornis michaeli</i>).","authors":"Linda G R Bruins-van Sonsbeek, Martie C M Verschuren, Sonja Kaal, Peter W Lindenburg, Kees C W Rodenburg, Marcus Clauss, Arjen G C L Speksnijder, Victor P M G Rutten, Bas F J Bonnet, Floyd Wittink","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1515939","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1515939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron overload disorder (IOD) is a common condition in ex-situ black rhinoceroses (<i>Diceros bicornis</i>), although it has not been reported in the wild. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], inflammatory markers, insulin levels, the gut microbiome, dietary components, and transferrin saturation (TS) in <i>ex-situ</i> black rhinoceroses. Blood and fecal samples from 11 black rhinoceroses at five different European zoological institutions were monitored over a 1-year period. Inflammatory markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were analyzed. Our study corroborates the findings of previous research, which demonstrated that insulin, inflammatory markers, and TS% are higher in <i>ex-situ</i> black rhinoceroses compared to published wild ranges. Our data show no correlations between insulin, 25(OH)D, TS%, inflammatory markers, or short-chain fatty acids (SFCAs). Serum 25(OH)D exhibited significantly higher levels in summer than in winter. Transferrin saturation was influenced by age, which is consistent with previous studies. The microbiome did not differ significantly among individuals, institutions, sex, or season, unlike the mycobiome, which exhibited significant differences across institutions. The impact of the mycobiome differences on the physiology of the animals could not be determined from this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1515939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative impacts of polyethylene and biodegradable film residues on soil microbial communities and rapeseed performance under field conditions.","authors":"MiaoMiao Xie, Maolu Wei, Qian Sun, Ge Wang, Ting Shen, Xinyi He, Dongyan Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553807","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Soil health is critical for sustainable agriculture and food security, however, the accumulation of agricultural mulch film residues in soil raises environmental concerns. The effects of conventional polyethylene (PE) and biodegradable (PBAT and PLA) film residues on soil health, microbial communities, and crop productivity under field conditions have not been adequately investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study simulated the accumulation of PE film residues from over 30 years of continuous mulching and evaluated PBAT and PLA film residues under field conditions, examining their effects on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities and rapeseed performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that PE residues significantly altered microbial community composition, enhancing the relative abundance of core genera, including <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Acidibacter,</i> and <i>Flavisolibacter</i>, while suppressing other genera, such as <i>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia</i>. PE residues also inhibited organic matter decomposition and ureolysis, while limiting nitrate availability and soil fertility, although rapeseed yields remained unaffected. In contrast, biodegradable film residues enhanced soil moisture retention and ammonium content, boosted soil functions such as plastic degradation, nutrient cycling, and chitinolysis, and enriched beneficial genera such as <i>Candidatus Udaeobacter</i>, <i>Acidibacter</i>, and <i>Flavisolibacter</i>, although weakened ureolysis activity. However, both residue types reduced the complexity and stability of the bacterial co-occurrence network, suggesting potential risks to the soil microbial habitats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that conventional film residues had no significant effect on rapeseed productivity, whereas biodegradable films exhibited superior performance in maintaining soil fertility and microbial functions under field conditions. Our study emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to effectively optimize agricultural plastic film applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in intestinal flora for the development, diagnosis and treatment of CRC.","authors":"Ruiyao Hu, Yuting Qiu, Dong-Ang Liu, Shiyu Chen, Keyi Chen, Yue Xu, Jinghua Yuan, Xinling Zhang, Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1495274","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1495274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC), being prevalent among digestive tract malignancies, exhibits substantial mortality and morbidity rates. The intestinal microbiota, predominantly located in the colorectum, is diverse and comprises both conditionally pathogenic bacteria that can promote CRC development and probiotics that can inhibit it to some extent. Intestinal flora is associated with colorectal cancer, affecting its onset and progression through metabolites, immune regulation, and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. The intestinal flora exhibits significant potential in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Certain bacterial species can serve as biomarkers for CRC, aiding in the detection of precancerous and early-stage lesions. For instance, alterations in the abundance of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn)</i> and <i>Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)</i> may indicate an elevated risk of CRC. On the other hand, probiotics such as Bifidobacteria could modulate chemotherapy and immunotherapy, improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects, making them an effective approach to prevent CRC etiology and act as an adjuvant therapy. This paper focuses on a review of the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC, sorting out its potential role in developing, diagnosing, and treating CRC. It will advance precise, intelligent, and individualised prevention and treatment for CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1495274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}