Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Development of polymyxin- and aminoglycoside-based outer membrane permeabilizers: a review.","authors":"Danzel Marie Ramirez, Frank Schweizer","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625300","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the development of alternative therapeutic options, particularly against critical priority Gram-negative pathogens. The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants or potentiators is an advantageous strategy that targets bacterial resistance mechanisms, thereby augmenting the activity of an antibiotic used in combination. Among these, outer membrane (OM) permeabilizers are a promising class of adjuvants which compromise the OM barrier unique to Gram-negative bacteria. This review focuses on the emerging role of polymyxins and aminoglycosides - two structurally distinct antibiotics with different modes of action, but share the ability to interact with the bacterial OM. Here, we explore the design, modification, and application of polymyxin- and aminoglycoside-based OM permeabilizers, highlighting their potential against resistant Gram-negative infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1625300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of new antagonistic bacteria P10-7 and evaluation of its biocontrol potential against tomato gray mold.","authors":"Denghui Chen, Dandan Yue, Guanjie Li, Zongyuan Zhang, Liuzhu Zhou, Hongguang Xu, Dehai Liu, Xueyan Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668865","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1668865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gray mold, caused by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases, causing significant losses in cash crops, especially tomatoes, worldwide. To address this challenge, we isolated and characterized a novel bacterial strain, P10-7, from tomato rhizosphere soil. Identification was performed using morphological, physiological, biochemical, and whole-genome sequencing analyses. The biocontrol potential of P10-7 was assessed through <i>in vitro</i> antagonism assays, analysis of secondary metabolites and lytic enzymes, and greenhouse pot experiments. Results showed that P10-7 was a strain of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,</i> with a total genome size of 3,929,792 bp, including 12 biosynthetic gene clusters. The antagonism test demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity against seven fungal pathogens, including gray mold, with inhibition rates of 92.09% for mycelial growth and 98.03% for spore germination. Biochemical tests confirmed the strain's ability to produce amylase, protease, pectinase, and siderophores. Furthermore, application of P10-7 cell suspension at 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/mL significantly promoted tomato seed germination and enhanced seedling growth (height, root length, fresh and dry weight). Critically, this treatment also markedly reduced disease incidence and effectively controlled tomato gray mold in greenhouse trials. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> P10-7 exhibits significant potential as an effective biocontrol agent against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1668865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecalcrobiota metabolites: emerging insights into cancer radiotherapy outcomes.","authors":"Yuzhuo Gao, Baozhao Zeng, Zhicheng Wang, Shuo Liang, Yanming Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1663835","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1663835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The connection between gut microbiota and the onset, progression, and management of cancer is receiving increasing attention. Gut microbiota metabolites serve as crucial mediators that influence the cancer process by modulating immune responses and metabolic pathways. Research has shown that these metabolites significantly affect cancer development, prognosis and therapy. For example, the effectiveness and side effects of radiotherapy are closely linked to the metabolites produced by gut microbiota. Radiotherapy can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, increase intestinal permeability, and trigger inflammatory responses, all of which may lead to adverse reactions such as damage to the intestinal mucosa and a compromised anti-cancer effect. This review emphasizes the role of gut microbiota metabolites in tumor formation and progression by affecting signaling pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment. It explores how these metabolites can influence the efficacy and side effects of radiotherapy and discusses innovative cancer treatment strategies that leverage gut microbiota metabolites. By integrating recent preclinical and clinical findings, the review proposes that incorporating colony modulation therapies into cancer treatment could enhance therapeutic strategies and provide patients with safer and more effective options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1663835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcriptome-guided genetic engineering strategy to balance cell growth with astaxanthin production in <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i>.","authors":"Jianping Jia, Chenxi Ye, Sainan Jin, Qingqing Li, Zhengyi Pan, Wen Wen, Guoliang Bao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1636554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1636554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant and is widely applied in food industry. The yeast <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i> is an ideal microbial astaxanthin resource. However, the nitrogen-deficiency stress, which is beneficial for astaxanthin synthesis, often impairs cell growth, leading to low productivity. In this study, an imbalance between cellular growth and astaxanthin synthesis in <i>P. rhodozyma</i> under nitrogen-deficient (H) and nitrogen-sufficient (L) conditions was identified. A comparative RNA-seq transcriptome analysis between the H and L groups revealed well-discriminated patterns. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that the regulation of nitrogen deficiency does not occur directly in the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway but rather operates at the global cellular level, involving processes such as central and energy metabolism, antioxidative stress responses, signal transduction, competitive metabolic pathways, and material transportation. Based on these findings, a regulatory mechanism is proposed, which involves cellular sensing of nitrogen sources in the medium, alterations in signaling pathways that direct effectors, and the regulation of multiple downstream target genes through post-translational modifications, protein interactions, gene transcription, and the protein and metabolite levels. Six DEGs were overexpressed in the wild strain (WT) of <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i>, and the mutants M2 and M6, expressing the NHEJ gene for DNA repair and the ferric reductase gene, showed higher biomass and astaxanthin content compared with the WT strain under nitrogen-deficient conditions. However, the remaining mutants exhibited unchanged or even reduced biomass and astaxanthin productivity. Subsequently, a co-expression mutant (M7) carrying the two DEGs was constructed. This mutant exhibited further increases in both biomass and astaxanthin content, with 61.5 and 133.3% higher yields than the WT strain, respectively, and a 265.8% increase in final astaxanthin production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1636554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome dynamics and functional shifts in healthy aging: insights from a metagenomic study.","authors":"Xu Ai, Chenchen Huang, Qiongrong Liu, Rui Duan, Xu Ma, Linzi Li, Zitan Shu, Yuanxin Miao, Hexiao Shen, Yongling Lv, Zhiwei Jiang, Hong Luo, Zhou Long","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1629811","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1629811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Population aging represents a significant challenge in contemporary society. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining host health and physiological functions, and its alterations with advancing age are closely associated with the process of healthy aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome in hundred healthy elderly individuals (aged ≥60) residing in Changshou Town, Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, utilizing metagenomic sequencing technology. The primary objective was to investigate the changes in the gut microbiome and its potential functions during the latter stages of life. Participants were categorized into three distinct age groups: the Young-Old group (YO, ages 60-74), the Middle-Old group (MO, ages 75-89), and the Long-Lived Old group (LO, ages 90-99).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that the diversity of the gut microbiome tends to diminish with age. However, a significant reversal was observed among healthy longevity elderly individuals. Our analysis specifically focused on the trends in the alterations of gut microbiome species and their potential functions as age increases, revealing that the changes in major differential functions closely align with the trends in major differential species, demonstrating a strong positive correlation. The YO group exhibited a more diverse array of differential microbial characteristics and functional traits. Notably, there was a significant enrichment of <i>Bacteroides stercoris</i> in the YO group, which displayed a continuous decline with age, alongside a marked enrichment of pathways associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. Furthermore, species significantly linked to aging-related pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, were identified through species functional correlation analysis. Specifically, <i>Collinsella bouchesdurhonensis</i> and <i>Prevotella stercorea</i> were enriched in the LO and YO groups, respectively. In total, we successfully obtained two hundred and thirty eight high-quality bins through metagenomic assembly, which included the identification of four species with 100% completeness, as well as the genomic information of the <i>Methanobrevibacter smithii A</i> across all groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study characterizes the age-associated trends in gut microbiome composition and function during later-life healthy aging, providing exploratory insights that may inform future microecological intervention strategies, pending validation in longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1629811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond reductionism: the emerging holistic paradigm in indirect control of pathogen infection.","authors":"Seonghan Jang, Dajeong Kim, Hwi Won Seo, Choong-Min Ryu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1638634","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1638634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial research has often emphasized direct interactions between pathogens and other microbes, leading to the discovery of antibiotics and biological control agents. However, such approaches frequently overlook the complexity of microbial ecosystems and show limited effectiveness in real-world settings. Indirect interactions, where non-pathogenic microbes influence pathogen behavior through ecological networks, offer an alternative strategy for controlling infectious diseases. We hypothesize that targeting microbes support or influence pathogen activity, rather than the pathogen itself, can lead to more effective and sustainable disease control. Indirect modulation of pathogen behavior through ecological networks may reduce virulence, persistence, and resistance development. Recent studies in both animal and plant systems support this idea, showing that manipulating non-pathogenic microbial relationships can suppress disease occurrence more efficiently than direct intervention. Focusing on indirect ecological relationships allows for a more comprehensive understanding of pathogen dynamics and presents new opportunities for sustainable disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12489395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-potent rhizobacteria enhance banana growth and reduce chemical fertilizer input.","authors":"Jeberlin Prabina Bright, Kavitha Chinnasamy, Hemant S Maheshwari, Kahkashan Perveen, Faheema Khan, Jayanthi Barasarathi, Balachander Dananjeyan, Nazih Y Rebouh","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1659278","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1659278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present investigation isolated efficient potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from the banana rhizosphere and, along with nitrogen- and phosphorus-transforming strains from TNAU, evaluated their impact on banana growth, yield, and fertilizer reduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Solid and liquid-based formulations using the nitrogen-fixing bacterium <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> Sp7 (<i>A. b</i> Sp7), phosphorus-solubilizing bacterium <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> Pb1 (<i>B. m</i> Pb1), and the newly isolated potassium-solubilizing bacteria <i>Agrobacterium pusense</i> (<i>A. p</i>. KRBKKM1) and <i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> (<i>B. p</i> KRBKKM2) were prepared and used for inoculation in the field experiment. HPLC profiling of KSBs showed that <i>A. p</i>. KRBKKM1 produced propionic acid, and <i>B. p</i> KRBKKM2 produced butyric and propionic acids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the two formulations tested, the liquid formulation had a significantly greater influence on the yield and yield-attributing traits than the solid-based ones. Treatments consisted of 75% NPK chemical fertilizer + 2 mL <i>A. b</i> Sp7 + 2 mL <i>B. m</i> Pb1, along with 1 mL <i>A. p</i>. KRBKKMI and 1 mL <i>B. p</i> KRBKKM2 (T10-30.65 t ha^-1), and 75% NPK + 2 mL <i>A. b</i> Sp7 + 2 mL <i>B. m</i> Pb1, along with 2 mL <i>A. p</i>. KRBKKMI and 2 mL <i>B. p</i> KRBKKM2 (T11-30.82 t ha^-1) significant impacted the banana yield parameters.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Principal component analysis revealed that treatments T10 and T11 positively correlated with yield-related parameters. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that crop yield was positively correlated with the bunch weight (<i>r</i> = 1.00***), fruit weight (<i>r</i> = 0.84**), and number of fingers per bunch (<i>r</i> = 0.76**), in both the solid and liquid formulations. In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated a 25% reduction in chemical inputs when using NPK biofertilizers and contribute to increased agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1659278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host identity, more than elevation, shapes bee microbiomes along a tropical elevation gradient.","authors":"Andrea Pinos, Pedro Alonso-Alonso, Yenny Correa-Carmona, Kim L Holzmann, Felipe Yon, Gunnar Brehm, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Marcell K Peters, Arne Weinhold, Alexander Keller","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1671348","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1671348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how host-microbiome interactions respond to abiotic and biotic factors is key to elucidating the mechanisms influencing ecological communities under current climate change scenarios. Despite increasing evidence that gut microbial communities associated with bees influence their health and fitness, including key roles in nutrient assimilation, toxin removal, defense against pathogens, and immune responses, the distribution of gut microbial communities and the dynamics of these associations along environmental gradients remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed how environmental changes with elevation and host taxonomic identity influence the bacterial gut microbiome of wild bees collected along a 3,600 m elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes. We applied DNA metabarcoding on the 16S rRNA region of gut samples from five bee tribes: Apini (honey bees), Bombini (bumble bees), Meliponini (stingless bees), Euglossini (orchid bees), and Halictini (sweat bees). Our findings indicate a general decrease in bacterial diversity and a high turnover of microbial taxa along the elevation gradient, with notable differences among host tribes. Host taxonomic identity was a strong predictor of gut microbial community composition, despite a high turnover of microbial and host taxa along the gradient. Within tribes, the turnover of microbial compositions was mainly explained by environmental changes with elevation in bumble and stingless bees. The observed variations in gut microbial diversity and composition at different elevations and different host taxa suggest that both factors significantly impact the gut microbiomes. As climate change continues to influence environmental conditions in the Andean-Amazonian forests it is crucial to consider how these changes may affect host-microbiome relationships. This highlights the necessity of understanding both abiotic and biotic factors in the context of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1671348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction mechanism and intervention strategy between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and intestinal microbiota.","authors":"Wentai Yang, Qing Jin, Dewang Xiao, Xiang Li, Defa Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1597995","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1597995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction between metabolic dysfunction-associated seatotic liver disease (MASLD) and gut microbiota regulates hepatic metabolic homeostasis through the gut-liver axis, and its mechanisms involve intestinal dysbiosis (decreased <i>bacteroidetes</i>, increased ratio of <i>firmicutes</i>/<i>proteobacteria</i>), bile acid metabolism reprogramming (secondary bile acids inhibit FXR signaling), short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) deficiency, and endotoxin-mediated inflammatory activation (TLR4/NF-κB pathway). Among the intervention strategies, probiotics (such as <i>Bifidobacteria</i>) improved inflammation by regulating microbiota structure and intestinal barrier function, prebiotics such as resistant starch enriched butyric acid-producing bacteria and reduced liver lipid deposition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could remodel the microbiota but needed to optimize safety, restricted fructose intake and Mediterranean diet reduced liver damage by regulating microbiota metabolism, and metabolic surgery improved fibrosis through microbiota remodeling and bile acid signaling. In the future, it is necessary to combine multi-omics technology to analyze the microbiota-host interaction network, develop precision therapies such as phage targeted clearance or engineering bacterial delivery of metabolites, and promote the clinical transformation of personalized intervention programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1597995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MoEPH: an adaptive fusion-based LLM for predicting phage-host interactions in health informatics.","authors":"Qian Chen, Zihang Zhao, Min Li, Wenchen Song, Minfeng Xiao, Min Fang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1634705","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1634705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phage-host interaction prediction plays a crucial role in the development of phage therapy, particularly in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Current in silico models often suffer from limited generalizability and low interpretability. To address these gaps, we introduce MoEPH (Mixture-of-Experts for Phage-Host prediction), a novel framework that integrates transformer-based protein embeddings (ProtBERT and ProT5) with domain-specific statistical descriptors. Our model dynamically combines features using a gated fusion mechanism, ensuring robust and adaptive prediction. We evaluate MoEPH on three publicly available phage-host interaction databases: Dataset 1 (101 host strains, 129 phages), Dataset 2 (38 host strains, 176 phages), and Dataset 3 (combined). Experimental results demonstrate that MoEPH outperforms existing methods, achieving an accuracy of 99.6% on balanced datasets and a 31% improvement on highly imbalanced data. The model provides a transparent, dynamic and knowledge-driven fusion solution for phage-host prediction, contributing to more effective phage therapy recommendations. Future work will focus on incorporating structural protein features and exploring alternative neural backbones for further enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1634705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}