Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling the genomic epidemiology and plasmid-mediated carbapenem resistance of <i>Klebsiella pasteurii</i>.","authors":"Xinyue Li, Zexuan Song, Jinshuo Liu, Jingguang Jin, Hanxia Wan, Huimin Chen, Xinhua Luo","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561624","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1561624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study isolated a <i>Klebsiella pasteurii</i> strain, K1134, from the sputum of an ICU patient, revealing its resistance to the carbapenem antibiotics meropenem and imipenem. Whole-genome sequencing identified a plasmid pK1134-KPC, which carries the carbapenem resistance gene <i>bla</i> _KPC-2. pK1134-KPC, belonging to the IncFII_pCP020359 plasmid group, exhibits a modular structure with <i>bla</i> _KPC-2 embedded in a 32.09 kb accessory region containing multiple accessory genetic elements (AGEs). Comparative genomic analysis of 48 <i>K. pasteurii</i> isolates from 12 countries showed high genetic diversity, with strains clustered into three clades. Notably, <i>K. pasteurii</i> harbors extensive antimicrobial resistance genes across diverse AGEs, classifying it as multidrug-resistant. Twelve <i>bla</i> _KPC-carrying AGEs were identified from the sequences of the isolates, classified into two groups: Tn<i>7551</i> and Tn<i>6296</i>-related elements. The gene clusters for enterotoxins tilimycin and tilivalline, encompassing key regulators and operons, were present in nearly all strains, with incomplete clusters exclusively observed in clade 3 isolates. This study underscores the global dissemination and genetic adaptability of <i>K. pasteurii</i>, highlighting its potential role as a reservoir for resistance genes and emphasizing the need for robust surveillance to mitigate its public health impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1561624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiomic insights into the unique effects of vaginal microbiota on preterm birth in Chinese pregnant women.","authors":"Jun Zhang, Zhimin Xu, Mengjun Zhang, Jiaoning Fang, Yijing Zheng, Caihong Jiang, Mian Pan","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1560528","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1560528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The disruption of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women is the most significant risk factor for preterm delivery. In this study, 65 pregnant women were enrolled, of which 29 were women with term births and 36 were women with preterm births, and were then categorized based on gestational age at delivery. The results showed that the <i>α</i>-diversity (ACE, Chao1, Simpson, and Shannon indices) of the vaginal microbiota in the term birth group (TG) was significantly higher than that in the preterm birth group (PG). The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., <i>Lactobacillus</i>) was significantly reduced in the PG compared to the TG, while the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Atopobium</i>, <i>Ralstonia</i>, and <i>Sneathia</i>) was significantly increased. A prediction model for gestational age at delivery was established based on key microbial phylotypes, and this model was further verified using clinical samples. Statistical analysis revealed that the prediction model utilizing <i>Methyloversatilis</i>, <i>Atopobium</i>, <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Sneathia</i>, <i>Brevundimonas</i>, <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, and <i>Peptostreptococcus</i> had higher accuracy. These results suggest that certain bacteria could serve as prospective predictors for preterm birth and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of preterm birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1560528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Molecular surveillance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial contamination in pastries of Iranian confectioneries: a public health concern.","authors":"Shiva Hosseini, Tahereh Motallebirad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Mehdi Safarabadi, Zeynab Beheshti, Mohammad Ali Orouji, Omid Mardanshah, Davood Azadi","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1573099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1573099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1494623.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1573099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ruminococcus bromii</i>-generated acetate alleviated <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>-induced liver fibrosis in mice.","authors":"Chun Li, Changsheng Cheng, Liping Jiang, Xin Zhong, Guoyang Huang, Gang Mo, Deping Cao, Xiaohong Peng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1532599","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1532599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infection with <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> (<i>C. sinensis</i>) has the potential to induce liver fibrosis and significantly alter the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear how these changes in the gut microbiota, through the gut-liver axis, influence the progression of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether targeting the gut microbiota, based on the concept of the gut-liver axis, could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating liver fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gut microbiota alterations in <i>C. sinensis</i>-infected mice at multiple time points were analyzed through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. <i>Ruminococcus bromii (R.bromii)</i> therapeutic effect on <i>C. sinensis</i> infected mice was evaluated. Metabolic changes following produced by <i>R. bromii</i> were analyzed using short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolomics. Additionally, <i>R. bromii</i> conditioned medium (R.b CM) or its metabolites were co-cultured with two hepatic stellate cell lines (LX2 and JS1) <i>in vitro</i> to assess their anti-fibrotic effects. Finally, RNA sequencing was employed to investigate the specific mechanism by which acetate inhibits hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The abundance of <i>R. bromii</i> increased during the inflammatory stage of <i>C. sinensis</i> infection and decreased significantly during the fibrosis stage. Oral gavage of <i>R. bromii</i> significantly inhibited <i>C. sinensis</i>-induced liver fibrosis while restoring the intestinal barrier. The activation of HSCs was significantly inhibited <i>in vitro</i> upon incubation with <i>R.b</i> CM. Acetate was identified as a key metabolite generated from <i>R. bromii</i> in <i>R.b</i> CM, and acetate attenuated <i>C. sinensis</i>-induced liver fibrosis <i>in vitro</i> and in vivo. Mechanistically, acetate inhibited the activation of HSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis in mice infected with <i>C. sinensis</i>.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong><i>R. bromii</i> exerted a protective effect on hepatic fibrosis by delivering acetate via the gut-liver axis to active the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HSCs. Furthermore, <i>R. bromii</i> can be used as a probiotic therapy to alleviate hepatic fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1532599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion sequences in <i>mgrB</i> and mutations in two-component system genes confer high polymyxin resistance to carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> complex strains.","authors":"Jiming Wu, Jisheng Zhang, Jianmin Wang, Jin Wang, Xushan Liang, Chunli Wei, Wenzhang Long, Yang Yang, Yuhui Chen, Mingjing Liao, Youtao Liang, Kaixin Yu, Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the complexity of identifying the <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> complex (ECC) at the species level, little is known about the distribution of carbapenem-resistant ECC (CRECC). Plasmid-mediated <i>mcr</i> family genes are significant contributors to polymyxin resistance. The emergence of the <i>mcr-9</i> gene has further complicated the landscape of polymyxin resistance in CRECC. Our study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of CRECC and the <i>mcr-9</i> gene, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying high-level resistance to polymyxin B (PB). In this study, we collected 212 non-replicating ECC strains, identifying 38 CRECC strains (17.9%, 38/212) and <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> (71.1%, 27/38) as the predominant endemic strains. Among these, 10 CRECC strains (36.3%, 10/38) were found to harbor the <i>mcr-9</i> gene. Interestingly, the presence of <i>mcr-9</i> did not significantly impact PB resistance or impose a fitness cost. While overexpression of <i>mcr-9</i> can enhance PB resistance within a certain range and may incur fitness costs, it does not result in high-level PB resistance. The PB resistance of 17 CRECC strains was notably increased (from 16 to 128 mg/L), accompanied by mutations in the <i>phoP</i>/<i>Q</i> and <i>mgrB</i> genes. Notably, two novel insertion sequences, IS<i>5D</i> and IS<i>1X2</i>, were discovered within the <i>mgrB</i> gene. The inactivation of <i>mgrB</i> results in the loss of its negative regulatory effect on the two-component system. Protein structure predictions indicated that mutations in <i>phoQ</i> primarily affect the phosphatase (HAMP) and histidine kinase domains. This research significantly expands our comprehension of the complexities of PB resistance, highlighting the multifactorial nature of antibiotic resistance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar combined with nitrification inhibitors on NH₃ and N₂O emission under different water conditions from vegetable soils.","authors":"Zhenyuan He, Haohao Lü, Yuying Wang, Hangjie Yuan, Yuxue Liu, Neng Li, Lili He","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547979","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil nitrogen loss through NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emissions is a crucial issue in soil ecosystems. In this study, we explored the effects of biochar and the nitrification inhibitor DMPP (dimethyl-phenyl-piperazinium, a nitrification inhibitor) in vegetable soils under 60 and 200% WHC (water holding capacity). Five treatments were set: CK (control), urea (N), urea + biochar (N + C), urea + nitrification inhibitor (N + DMPP), and urea + nitrification inhibitor + biochar (N + C + DMPP). Results found that biochar promoted soil nitrification and ammonia volatilization under both moisture conditions, with higher NH₃ rate accumulation at 200% WHC. DMPP maintained high NH₄ ⁺-N concentration and increased soil ammonia volatilization, but effectively reduced N₂O emissions, especially at 200% WHC. The N + C + DMPP treatment further significantly decreased N₂O cumulative emissions compared to N + DMPP. QPCR results showed that N + C treatment significantly increased AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria) copies compared to N treatment. Applying DMPP alone or with biochar reduced AOB copies by 50.0 and 45.7%, respectively. Soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) responded oppositely to DMPP; AOA amounts in N + DMPP and N + C + DMPP treatments increased significantly during the culture. At 60% WHC, the greenhouse effect potential of N + DMPP and N + C + DMPP treatments were 39.0 and 43.2% lower than N, respectively. At 200% WHC, their GWP were decreased by 13.8 and 0.08% compared to N. Adding biochar alone increased the soil's greenhouse potential at both water contents. In conclusion, using nitrification inhibitors alone or in combination with biochar is more effective in reducing the greenhouse effect potential of soil active nitrogen emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term continuous cropping on microbial community structure and function in tobacco rhizosphere soil.","authors":"Bingye Yang, Changchun Feng, Hong Jiang, Yulan Chen, Mengjiao Ding, Huaxin Dai, Zhen Zhai, Mengmeng Yang, Taibo Liang, Yanling Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1496385","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1496385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As is well known, continuous cropping can lead to a decrease in crop yield and quality. Despite this, continuous cropping remains prevalent in practical agricultural production, particularly in the case of tobacco cultivation, owing to its high economic value. The samples for this study were collected from a flue-cured tobacco planting base located in Huili County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. After years of continuous planting, the yield of tobacco in this base has significantly decreased. In order to explain the microecological causes of this phenomenon, we collected non-continuous cropping, continuous cropping for 5 years, and continuous cropping for 10 years of tobacco rhizosphere soil, and analyzed the effects of long-term continuous cropping on nutrients, enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and function of tobacco rhizosphere soil. The results showed that with the continuous cropping, the majority nutrients (except for phosphorus and manganese) in rhizosphere soil decreased significantly, and the rhizosphere microbial community structure changed significantly. Correlation network analysis results showed that changes in the rhizosphere microbial community of tobacco were closely related to soil urease, active organic carbon, and available iron content. The results of functional analysis based on microorganisms and genes showed that the rhizosphere microbiota may change the content of soil nutrients through iron_respiration, sulfur_respiration, and Carbon fixation in prokaryotes pathways. The results of the correlation network analysis and the functional analysis mutually confirmed each other, both emphasizing the important role of soil carbon and iron in shaping the structure of the tobacco rhizosphere microbial community. Based on the results of this study, we propose to improve the microbial community structure of tobacco rhizosphere soil by increasing the levels of readily oxidizable organic carbon, available iron, and soil urease activity in the future, so as to alleviate the negative impact of continuous cropping on crop yield. The results of this study provide theoretical support for modifying the rhizosphere microbial environment through nutrient regulation, thereby enhancing plant growth in the context of continuous tobacco cropping.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1496385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of macrolide-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tahereh Navidifar, Abbas Zare Banadkouki, Elnaz Parvizi, Maryam Mofid, Narges Golab, Masoumeh Beig, Mohammad Sholeh","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1524452","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1524452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus</i> is a genus of bacteria responsible for various infections ranging from mild skin to severe systemic diseases. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are significant challenges owing to their resistance to multiple antibiotics, including macrolides, such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize data on the prevalence of macrolide resistance in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., identify trends and changes in resistance patterns over time, and assess how testing methods and guidelines affect reported resistance rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study conducted a systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Studies have reported the proportion of macrolide-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. Two authors independently extracted and analyzed the data using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed, and subgroup analyses were performed based on country, continent, species, AST guidelines, methods, and period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 223 studies from 76 countries were included. The pooled prevalence of resistance to erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin were 57.3, 52.6, and 57.9%, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² > 95%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Oceania (72%) had the highest erythromycin resistance, whereas Europe had the lowest (40.7%). Subgroup analyses revealed variations in resistance based on the species, with higher resistance in MRSA than in MSSA and CoNS than in other species. Over time, a slight decrease in erythromycin resistance has been observed (59.6% from 2015-2019 to 55% from 2020-2023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the high prevalence of macrolide resistance in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and its notable regional variation. These findings highlight the necessity for standardized methodologies and global surveillance to manage macrolide resistance effectively. Controlling antibiotic resistance should prioritize enhancing public health measures and updating treatment guidelines.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=557756, CRD42024557756.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1524452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated biocide treatments cause changes to the microbiome of a food industry floor drain biofilm model.","authors":"Martin Laage Kragh, Nanna Hulbæk Scheel, Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon, Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1542193","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1542193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a concern about the development of microbial tolerance and resistance to biocides due to their repeated use within the food industry. This study aimed to develop a floor drain biofilm model and test whether repeated biocide treatment would result in increased tolerance to biocides. Culturomics and shotgun metagenomic analysis of 14 drains and 214 bacterial isolates from three industrial food production environments revealed microbiomes with great diversity and complexity, but with the dominance of a few highly abundant taxa, including <i>Pseudomonas</i>. A representative drain biofilm was created (3 days, 15°C) using 31 whole genome sequenced bacterial isolates from 24 genera. The biofilm model represented 47-58% and 76-81% of the microbial abundance observed in the metagenome and viable microbiota, respectively. The biofilm model was exposed on days 3 and 6 to water or different industrial concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BC), peracetic acid (PAA), or sodium hypochlorite (SH). Analysis of the viable survivors using MALDI-TOF MS and the regrowing biofilms using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed how the diversity of the biofilm decreased but without any change in biocide tolerance as seen in log reductions (CFU/cm²). The use of different biocides did, however, exert significantly different selective pressures on the microbiomes as <i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Aeromonas</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i> dominated the biofilm after treatments with SH or PAA, while <i>Serratia</i> and <i>Moraxella</i> dominated after treatments with BC. The dominance of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> could be explained by the carriage of a BC efflux pump (<i>oqxB</i>) and the highest (20 mg/L BC) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) result of the drain isolates. In contrast, despite carrying a BC efflux pump (<i>qacH</i>), <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> ST121 did not show increased survival or presence in the biofilm after BC treatments. Only the highest tested concentration of PAA was able to completely eradicate <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. The developed biofilm model and the repeated biocide treatments enabled a better understanding of how biocides affect the biofilm microbiome. Future research should involve testing biocide rotation strategies to control biofilm regrowth and inactivation of persistent foodborne pathogens in floor drains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary characterization and pathogenicity of the highly virulent human-porcine reassortant G9P[23] porcine rotavirus HB05 strain in several Chinese provinces.","authors":"Xi Li, Jingjing Wang, Yuankui Zhang, Yarong Zhao, Yanli Shi","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1539905","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1539905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotavirus A (RVA), a member of the <i>Sedoreoviridae</i> family, is significant intestinal pathogen that cause diarrhea in both piglets and humans. During of an outbreak that struck nursing piglets with diarrhea, a human-porcine reassortment rotavirus, named as RVA/Pig-wt/China/HB05/2023/G9P[23] (hereafter referred to as HB05), was identified. This specific strain was found to be prevalent in pig farms in several regions, including Hebei, Liaoning, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Henan, and caused significant economic losses from March to August 2023. To further explore the evolutionary diversity of HB05, a comprehensive analysis of all gene segments was conducted. The genome constellation was identified as G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Nucleotide sequence identity and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the NSP3 gene of HB05 is most closely related to the corresponding genes of Human strains, with the highest homology at 95.45% identity. The other genes (VP1-VP4, VP6-VP7, NSP1-NSP2, NSP4-NSP5) exhibited the closest relationship to porcine strains, with the highest homology ranging from 94.79 to 98.89% similarity. Therefore, it is likely that HB05 originated from genetic reassortment between porcine and human rotaviruses. The pathogenicity study performed on 3-day-old piglets revealed that severe diarrhea manifested 8 h post-infection after oral inoculation with the PoRV HB05 strain at a dose of 2 × 10^5.5 TCID50/mL per piglet. To our knowledge, this marks the first report of a prevalent and highly virulent human-porcine reassortment G9P[23] rotavirus A (RVA) strain identified in mainland China. This finding provides valuable insights into the evolutionary traits of the G9P[23] strain and suggests a possible risk of cross-species transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1539905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}