Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of <i>Cr</i>DCL1-mediated microRNA biogenesis in green alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>.","authors":"Ting Sun, Ming Tao, Qinglang Di, Zhangli Hu, Hui Li, Sulin Lou","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1487584","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1487584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In eukaryotes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are generated by Dicer/Dicer-Like (DCL)-mediated cleavage. Previous studies identified three DCL genes (<i>Cr</i>DCL1-3) in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> and indicated that <i>Cr</i>DCL3 mediated the production of most miRNAs, while <i>Cr</i>DCL1 protein was mainly involved in siRNA biogenesis. The role of <i>Cr</i>DCL1 in miRNA biogenesis remains unclear. This study constructed a phylogenetic tree, performed structural analyses of Dicer/DCL proteins from multiple species and screened and verified <i>dcl1</i> and <i>dcl3</i> mutant strains. Using CC-5325 and <i>dcl3</i> mutant as control groups, we performed sRNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Northern blot verification experiments on <i>dcl1</i> mutant to explore the involvement of <i>Cr</i>DCL1 in miRNA biogenesis in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>. The results demonstrated that <i>Cr</i>DCL1 was involved in the production of 22 miRNAs, including cre-miR910, novel-miR01, novel-miR03, novel-miR04, novel-miR05, and novel-miR06, whose production was depended not only on <i>Cr</i>DCL1 but also on <i>Cr</i>DCL3. The present findings highlight the production of some <i>C. reinhardtii</i> miRNAs that may be involved in multiple <i>Cr</i>DCL proteins, which is different from animals and plants. The results of this study will enrich the knowledge of miRNA biogenesis in eukaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1487584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term straw return resulted in significant differences in soil microbial community composition and community assembly processes between wheat and rice.","authors":"Siyuan Cui, Shangqi Xu, Guangqiao Cao, Xinkai Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533839","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1533839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Straw return is widely promoted as an environmentally sustainable practice to enhance soil health and agricultural productivity. However, the impact of varying straw return durations on soil microbial community composition and development remains insufficiently understood within a rice-wheat cropping system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, soil samples were collected during the wheat and rice harvesting periods following seven straw return durations: no straw return (NR) or 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 years of straw return (SR1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11), and microbial sequencing was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a biphasic pattern in alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon) of soil microbial communities with increasing straw return duration, characterized by an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Specifically, SR9 in the rice group exhibited the highest Chao1 and Shannon values, while SR3 in the wheat group showed the highest values. PCoA indicated significant shifts in microbial communities due to straw return, particularly in the wheat group compared to NR. Straw return obvious changed six bacterial phyla (Verrucomicrobiota, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, MBNT15, Actinobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota) during the rice and wheat harvesting periods, especially Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis between environmental factors and bacterial communities demonstrated a significant impact on these factors, particularly pH and total organic carbon (TOC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), on the soil bacterial community during rice harvest, indicating the microbial enrichment after straw return may be related to the accumulation of TOC. Furthermore, the bacterial community network in the rice harvesting period was found to be more complex, with lower network stability compared to the wheat harvesting period. This complexity is closely associated with TOC accumulation in rice fields. Deterministic processes, including homogeneous and heterogeneous selection, were found to play a crucial role in shaping the soil bacterial communities in both rice and wheat systems. Environmental factors significantly influenced microbial community assembly during straw return and recycling.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study enhances understanding of the impact of straw return on the diversity and assembly of soil microbial communities in the rice-wheat cropping system, which provide valuable insights for studying the mechanisms by which managing microbial communities after straw return can promote soil fertility restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1533839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of potential shorty-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in the gut of patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zaowei Zhong, Fei Fan, Junqiao Lv, Zhiqiang Wang, Beiyang Wang, Chen Deng, Lin Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1483794","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1483794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut bacteria that potential produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influences the recovery of motor function in the host in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to conduct a review and meta-analysis of the literature on gut microbiota in SCI patients. Following the Preferred Reporting Project for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), we searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WOS) and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search period was from inception to March 31, 2024. We reported standardized mean differences (d) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and used funnel plots and Egger tests to assess publication bias. The subacute of SCI data set revealed the microflora changes in the subacute phase, and meta-analysis summarized the changes in the chronic phase. Eleven studies (720 participants) were included, 2 phyla, 1 order, and 14 genus meta-analyses performed. No substantial heterogeneity was observed, and significant publication bias was not found among the studies included. In the subacute phase of spinal cord injury, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, Faecalbacterium, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Lachnospira, Dorea, Prevotella, Roseburia, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Blautia increased. Firmicutes and Lactobacillus decreased. In the chronic phase, Firmicutes decreased in the SCI group. Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Eubacterium were found to have a higher average proportion of abundance in patients with SCI compared to non-SCI persons, and Clostridiales, Ruminococcus, Faecalbacterium, Coprococcus, and Lachnospira showed a lower relative abundance in SCI. The genus of potential SCFAs-producing bacteria is lower in the chronic phase of spinal cord injury than in the subacute phase, and gut dysbiosis is present in both the subacute and chronic phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1483794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Mongolian Medicine Qiqirigan-8 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via restoring gut microbiota and metabolism.","authors":"Dandan Yang, Wuyunsiqin, YanNiu, Hashentuya, Tana, Anna, Mingxing Ma, Wenhui Zhao, Menggenduxi, Minjie Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1517082","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1517082","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Mongolian Medicine Qiqirigan-8 (MMQ-8) is a traditional Mongolian medicine formula used to treat fatty liver disease. However, the material basis and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; metabolic process of the therapeutic effect of MMQ-8 on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The chemical composition of MMQ-8 was determined using Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Exactive Mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-QE-MS). C57BL/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient diet for 12 weeks to induce a NAFLD model. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-staining, combined with serum biochemical indexes, was used to observe liver appearance and characterize the pathological changes and functions of the liver. HE staining and Alcian Blue-Phosphoric Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining of the colon, along with ZO-1 immunofluorescence expression in the colon were used to reveal the effect of MMQ-8 on the disruption of the intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier in the NAFLD. The expression of intestinal tight junction genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR to observe the protective effect of MMQ-8 against intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier disruption. Fecal metagenomics and serum non-targeted metabolomics were used to reveal the effects of MMQ-8 on the gut microbiota and metabolism in mice with NAFLD. Finally, we emphasize the interaction between gut microbiota and metabolites through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mongolian Medicine Qiqirigan-8 contains 17 active ingredients, which can reduce hepatic steatosis and lobular inflammation in mice with NAFLD, and have protective effects against liver injury. MMQ-8 reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon epithelium of model mice while restoring the number of goblet cells. MMQ-8 significantly enhanced ZO-1 protein expression in the colon, as well as the mRNA expression of both ZO-1 and Occludin. Fecal metagenomics results showed that MMQ-8 reduced the &lt;i&gt;Bacillota/Bacteroidota&lt;/i&gt; ratio in NAFLD mice. Increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as &lt;i&gt;Porphyromonadaceae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Prevotella&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Bacteroidota&lt;/i&gt;. and suppressed the abundance of dysfunctional bacteria, such as &lt;i&gt;Bacillota&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Acetatifactor&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Erysipelotrichaceae&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, metabolomics studies revealed that MMQ-8 intervention significantly regulated the expression of metabolites related to glutathione metabolism, butyric acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in NAFLD mice compared to the model group. These metabolic pathways play key roles in NAFLD. According to Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis, up-regulation of &lt;i&gt;Porphyromonadaceae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Prevotella&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Bacteroidota&lt;/i&gt; after MMQ-8 intervention was negatively correlated with LPC levels in glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, while positively correlated with PC levels. In contrast, the rela","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1517082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomics insights of candidiasis: mechanisms of pathogenicity and drug resistance.","authors":"Xin Huang, Qin Dong, Qi Zhou, Shitao Fang, Yiheng Xu, Hongjie Long, Jingyi Chen, Xiao Li, Huaguang Qin, Dan Mu, Xunchao Cai","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531543","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candidiasis, a prevalent class of human infections caused by fungi belonging to the <i>Candida</i> genus, is garnering increasing attention due to its pathogenicity and the emergence of drug resistance. The advancement of genomics technologies has offered powerful tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and drug resistance characteristics of <i>Candida</i>. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the applications of genomics in candidiasis research, encompassing genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and functional genomics, along with the pathogenic features and core virulence factors of <i>Candida</i>. Moreover, this review highlights the role of genomic variations in the emergence of drug resistance, further elucidating the evolutionary and adaptive mechanisms of <i>Candida</i>. In conclusion, the review underscores the current state of research and prospective avenues for exploration of candidiasis, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatments and public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1531543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent insights and advances in gut microbiota's influence on host antiviral immunity.","authors":"Ying Liu, Danying Yan, Ran Chen, Yingying Zhang, Chuwen Wang, Guoqing Qian","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1536778","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1536778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A diverse array of microbial organisms colonizes the human body, collectively known as symbiotic microbial communities. Among the various pathogen infections that hosts encounter, viral infections represent one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. The gut microbiota is considered an important biological barrier against viral infections and may serve as a promising target for adjuvant antiviral therapy. However, the potential impact of symbiotic microbiota on viral infection remains relatively understudied. In this review, we discuss the specific regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota in antiviral immunity, highlighting recent advances in how gut microbiota regulate the host immune response, produce immune-related molecules, and enhance the host's defense against viruses. Finally, we also discuss the antiviral potential of oral probiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1536778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanism of crisaborole combined with erythromycin against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Yinuo Zou, Lei Yu, Jinjing Xue, Tianqi Fang, Liping Sun, Jianfeng Wang, Minhe Cui, Peng Zhang, Yonglin Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1503515","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1503515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread presence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) severely threatens convenient therapeutic options in the postantibiotic era. The use of combinations of existing drugs at this stage may be a viable strategy for dealing with complex drug-resistant MRSA infections. An checkerboard MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) assay, growth curve assay, bactericidal test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) assays were performed to determine whether crisaborole (AN2728), a PDE4 inhibitor for treating atopic dermatitis (AD), produced bactericidal effect with different antibiotics. Here, we identified (AN2728) produced a significant synergistic bactericidal effect with erythromycin, cefuroxime and rifampicin against different bacterial strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), especially MRSA (FIC < 0.5) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis, bacterial biofilm assay and several kit assays revealed that AN2728 could also simultaneously affect the membrane and transporter capacity of MRSA. Moreover, in a mouse skin infection model of MRSA, the combination of AN2728 and erythromycin showed remarkable treatment benefits, as shown by significantly reduced bacterial loading (<i>p</i> < 0.05), pathological lesions of the skin and an obvious anti-inflammatory effect (<i>p</i> < 0.05). To our knowledge, this study is the first to establish that AN2728 can cooperate with antibiotics such as erythromycin to completely kill MRSA and that AN2728 can be used to extend the usage life of different antibiotics to address the inevitability of severe MRSA infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1503515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia albertii</i> of fish origin-first isolation and insights into a potential food safety threat.","authors":"Kandhan Srinivas, Sandeep Ghatak, Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton, Samir Das, Kekungu-U Puro, Daniel Aibor Pyngrope, Madesh Angappan, Mosuri Chendu Bharat Prasad, Dadimi Bhargavi, Nur Abdul Kader, Vanita Lyngdoh, Heiborkie Shilla, John Pynhun Lamare","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1521202","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1521202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Escherichia albertii</i> is an emerging food-borne pathogen with zoonotic potential which is often under-reported due to misidentifications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The current study identified <i>E. albertii</i> from retail fish sold in market which was confirmed by phenotypic (colorless colonies on Xylose-Rhamnose-Melibiose MacConkey Agar), genotypic (dual target uniplex PCR-based detection) and genomic methods (CheckM analysis). In this paper we report the phenotypic characters of the isolate and genomic features such as resistome, virulome and mobilome followed by <i>in silico</i> O and H antigen based typing and comparative phylogenomics using various tools (RAST, RGI v6.0.0, ABRicate v1.0.1, PathogenFinder v1.1, PlasmidFinder v2.0, BacAnt v3.3.1, Phigaro v2.4.0, MAFFT v7.490, FigTree v1.4.4).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Multidrug resistance was identified with reduced susceptibility to gentamicin, azithromycin, ceftazidime and cefotaxime with a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 0.33. Clinically important virulence genes such as <i>eae, cdt, east1</i> formed a part of the virulome and the probability of being pathogenic to humans was found to be 0.883. The genome was found to harbor mobile genetic elements such as plasmids [IncFIA, IncFIB(pB171), IncFII(pSE11)], transposons (Tn<i>3411</i>, Tn<i>6292</i>) and prophages (Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, Podoviridae). Various typing methods such as biotyping, multilocus sequence typing and <i>in silico</i> O and H antigen typing classified the isolate into biotype 3, multi locus sequence type 4596, O-genotype 4 and H-genotype 1. Phylogenomically, the isolate was placed close to isolate from neighboring country of China. Identification of virulent multidrug-resistant <i>E. albertii</i> from new food source such as fishes increases the risk for fish eating population and necessitates the requirement of further elucidation and development of appropriate control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1521202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remediation of antimony-contaminated soil using food waste organic fertilizer and rhizosphere microbial response mechanism.","authors":"Shenglian Luo, Yingxuan Ouyang, Weimin Zeng, Xiaoyan Wu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1521692","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1521692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimony pollution poses a significant threat to both the ecological environment and the health of people living in mining regions. Using organic fertilizers is an efficient approach for the remediation of heavy metal contamination in soil. This study aimed to explore how food waste organic fertilizer (FF) can remediate antimony-contaminated soil and the associated rhizosphere microbial response mechanism. The analysis of soil physicochemical properties revealed that the application of FF notably reduced bulk density (from 1.57 to 1.08 g cm^-3), enhanced salinization levels, and increased the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the FF group, the plant height of <i>Pteris vittate</i> increased by 82.12% compared to the control group. The antimony valence state analysis revealed that after applying FF, the Sb(III) content in the rhizosphere and endosphere of <i>P. vittate</i> was significantly lower than that in other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the Sb(V) content in the endosphere was the highest. This indicated that FF can enhance the oxidation and detoxification of Sb(III) in the soil to produce Sb(V), which is then accumulated in the root of <i>P. vittate</i>. Microbial community analysis showed that the application of FF promoted the continuous enrichment of <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> in the roots of <i>P. vittate</i>; this is particularly evident in the specific microbial groups with Sb(III) oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus and potassium solubilization functions, including <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Sphingomonas</i>, <i>Comamonas</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>, <i>Acidovorax</i>, and <i>Paenibacillaceae</i>. These microbes help mitigate the adverse effects of poor soil conditions and heavy metals on the growth of <i>P. vittate</i> in mines. This study provides a new approach to resource utilization of food waste and the remediation of antimony-contaminated sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1521692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of SPF Bama piglets during breast and formula feeding.","authors":"Chengcheng Zhang, Zhengjiang Liu, Huan Yu, Yuanyuan Shen, Lu Lu, Fanli Kong, Wei Sun, Xiaoyuan Wei, Long Jin, Liangpeng Ge, Bo Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1537286","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1537286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the growth performance, health status, and welfare of pigs. Breast milk is a key factor in the colonization of gut microbiota and the overall health of newborn piglets. With advancements in breeding technology, formula milk has been widely adopted as a substitute for breast milk. This study aims to investigate the effects of sow feeding (natural breastfeeding) and formula milk feeding on the gut microbiota of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Bama pigs. Using metagenomic sequencing technology, we analyzed 114 fecal samples to uncover the impacts of different feeding methods on gut microbial diversity, dominant microbial populations, metabolic functions, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results revealed significant differences in the structure and function of gut microbiota between the breast milk (BM) group and the formula milk (FM) group at day 21. The BM group exhibited higher gut microbial diversity compared to the FM group, along with more extensive metabolic functions at both the gene and species levels. Notably, the FM group demonstrated higher activity in galactose metabolism and glycan metabolism, particularly at day 21. Additionally, the FM group showed significantly higher levels of ARGs against glycopeptide antibiotics at days 21 and 28 compared to the BM group. This study also found that breastfeeding and formula feeding differentially regulate the metabolic activity of gut microbiota and the expression of related enzymes, which may have long-term effects on nutrient absorption and disease resistance in pigs. These findings provide new insights into how different feeding methods shape the gut microbiota of pigs and offer a scientific basis for optimizing feeding strategies and improving breeding efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}