Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Seven-year change of prevalence, clinical risk factors, and mortality of patients with carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bloodstream infection in a Chinese teaching hospital: a case-case-control study.","authors":"Haifang Kong, Yong Liu, Ling Yang, Qianqian Chen, Yanchun Li, Zhidong Hu, Xuequan Feng, Yamin Chai, Zuoliang Dong","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531984","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bloodstream infection (CRKP-BSI) is a major public health threat worldwide. CRKP-BSI is associated with poor outcomes, elevated morbidity and mortality, and high healthcare costs. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for CRKP-BSI and mortality are critical for preventing and controlling CRKP in hospitals. This retrospective case-case-control study was conducted at General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, a tertiary teaching hospital, from 2017 to 2023. It included 105 patients with CRKP-BSI (case group 1) and matched 105 patients with carbapenem-susceptible <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bloodstream infection (CSKP-BSI) (case group 2). The control group was selected at a ratio of 1:1:1 (case group 1: case group 2: control) from patients with a positive blood culture (except for <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection) to analyze risk factors associated with the two case groups and compare the 30-day survival curves using multivariable logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Multivariate analysis revealed that liver disease was a risk factor for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>-BSI, and exposure to carbapenem [odds ratio (OR) = 3.24], tigecycline (OR = 3.43), and glucocorticoids (OR = 4.64) were independent risk factors for CRKP-BSI. The 30-day mortality of the CRKP-BSI group was 30.5%, and patient groups, respiratory diseases (HR = 3.52), use of 3rd-generation cephalosporins (HR = 1.92), mechanical ventilation (HR = 2.14), and central venous catheter insertion (HR = 2.85) were independent risk factors, whereas a shorter length of hospitalization was a protective factor for 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality in the CRKP-BSI group was 55.2%, and arterial catheter use (OR = 3.76) was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. Several factors were identified to contribute to the development of CRKP-BSI. CRKP isolates were resistant to most antibiotics. Reducing CRKP-BSI-related mortality requires comprehensive consideration of underlying diseases, judicious antibiotic use, and invasive procedures. The high morbidity, mortality, along with the limited therapeutic options for CRKP-BSI, underscore the need for improved detection, identification of risk factors to develop effective preventive measures, and development of novel agents with reliable clinical efficacy against CRKP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1531984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis unveils the functional effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal colonization on cadmium tolerance of willow saplings.","authors":"Lijiao Wang, Baoshan Yang, Hui Wang, Jiaxing Shi, Jinhao Dong, Xiaoxia Zhao, Guanghua Qin, Xinhua He, Meiyuan Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570200","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) could enhance plant tolerance to heavy metal toxicity by altering metal accumulation and protecting plants from oxidative injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ECMF-mediated detoxification of cadmium (Cd) in willow sapling are not well known. This study aimed to unveil the roles of <i>Cenococcum geophilum (CG)</i> and Suillus luteus (SL) in regulating Cd toxicity tolerance in willow (<i>Salix psammophila</i> 'Huangpi1') saplings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study systematically evaluated physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaf and root tissues of 18 willow saplings, while concurrently conducting transcriptomic analysis of the roots under Cd stress. The specific treatments were labeled as follows: NF (no ECMF inoculation and no Cd addition), CG (CG colonization only), SL (SL colonization only), NF+Cd (no ECMF inoculation with 100 μM Cd addition), CG+Cd (CG colonization with 100 μM Cd addition), and SL+Cd (SL colonization with 100 μM Cd addition).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and transcriptome of 2-month-old willow saplings responded differently to ECMFs colonization under Cd stress. S. luteus markedly increased the aerial parts biomass, while <i>C. geophilum</i> significantly enhanced the root property indices of willow saplings under Cd stress. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was observed in the comparison between CG+Cd (CG colonization with 100 μM Cd addition) and NF+Cd (no ECMF inoculation with 100 μM Cd addition). <i>C. geophilum</i> colonization activated plant hormone signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, while S. luteus enhanced the synthesis of secondary metabolites.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides a molecular perspective on the mechanism of interaction between ECMFs and willow saplings under Cd stress and supports the application of ECMFs for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1570200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization.","authors":"Yunyun Ma, Junjun Shao, Wei Liu, Shandian Gao, Decai Peng, Chun Miao, Sicheng Yang, Zhuo Hou, Guangqing Zhou, Xuefeng Qi, Huiyun Chang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1585665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Understanding the burden of antibiotic resistance: a decade of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in Italian intensive care units.","authors":"Giovanni Scaglione, Matilde Perego, Marta Colaneri, Camilla Genovese, Fabio Brivio, Alice Covizzi, Bruno Viaggi, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori, Stefano Finazzi, Emanuele Palomba","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405390.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1584655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fungal community and co-occurrence network patterns at different successional stages of black locust coppice stands.","authors":"Huimei Tian, Liangzhe Li, Yunpeng Zhu, Chengcheng Wang, Mengxue Wu, Weixing Shen, Chuanrong Li, Kun Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1528028","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1528028","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Black locust (&lt;i&gt;Robinia pseudoacacia&lt;/i&gt; L.) plantations transition from seedling to multi-generation coppice systems, leading to declines in productivity and biodiversity. However, the structural and functional reorganization of soil fungal communities during this transition remains poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize fungal community dynamics across successional stages of black locust stands and assess their implications for soil health and ecosystem resilience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Soil fungal communities in three black locust stands (first-generation seedling forest, first- and second-generation coppice forests) were analyzed over one year using ITS high-throughput sequencing. We evaluated fungal diversity, guild composition, and co-occurrence networks, integrating statistical analyses (PERMANOVA, ANOSIM, FUNGuild) and network theory to assess seasonal and successional shifts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Fungal richness and diversity remained stable across stand types and seasons. However, these factors dramatically altered the soil fungal community structure. Shifts in fungal community composition were observed from seedling to coppice stands: Ascomycota dominance decreased (72.9 to 57.9%), while Basidiomycota increased (6.5 to 11.6%). Significant changes in the relative abundance of certain fungal guilds were observed by both stand conversion and seasonal variation (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). However, the overall fungal guilds composition was only significantly affected by the seasonal variation, rather than stand conversion (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, saprotrophic fungi dominated in autumn/winter (66.49-76.01%), whereas symbiotic fungi peaked in spring (up to 7.27%). As forests transition from seeding to coppice stands, the percentage of negative edges, average degree, and relative modularity of the fungal community co-occurrence networks all gradually decreased. Those suggested that the conversion of black locust stands decreased the connectivity between fungal species, formed less organized structure, increased homogeneity of function among microbial communities, reduced ecological functionality, and decreased resistance to environmental changes. Seasonal temperature fluctuations further modulated network complexity, with summer samples showing heightened edge density but reduced cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings suggest that the conversion of forests can significantly shift the soil fungal community structure and assembly, favoring Basidiomycota over Ascomycota and reducing network stability. These shifts signal progressive soil nutrient depletion and functional homogenization, potentially compromising ecosystem resilience. Seasonal guild dynamics highlight fungi's role in nutrient cycling, with saprotrophs driving litter decomposition in colder months. This understanding suggest that forest management practices must prioritise the preservatio","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1528028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diets shape thermal responses in Chinese giant salamanders by altering liver metabolism.","authors":"Runliang Zhai, Chunlin Zhao, Liming Chang, Jiongyu Liu, Tian Zhao, Jianping Jiang, Wei Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1546912","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1546912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet can influence the thermal performance of ectotherms, providing potential strategies for biological conservation in the context of global warming. The endangered <i>Andrias davidianus</i> is susceptible to heat stress due to energy deficiency in the liver when fed a worm-based diet rich in carbohydrates. A fish-based diet, rich in protein and lipids, improves their thermal performance, but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used metabolomics and metagenomics to examine the combined effects of temperature (15, 20, and 25°C) and diet (fish-based and worm-based) on liver metabolism and gut microbiota. Our results show that both temperature and diet shape liver metabolism, with several vital metabolic pathways (e.g., TCA cycle and sulfate metabolism) regulated by their combined effects. Notably, diet-dependent thermal responses in energy metabolism were observed, with fish-fed salamanders exhibiting a marked upregulation of the TCA cycle intermediates under heat stress, a response absent in worm-fed individuals. Given the role of TCA cycle in heat susceptibility of <i>A. davidianus</i>, these findings suggest that the TCA cycle likely mediates the interactive effects of temperature and diet on thermal performance. We then examined whether the gut microbiota is also a target of interactive effects or a mediator of the diet's influence on liver metabolism. While both temperature and diet shape microbiota composition, functional shifts occur only in response to temperature, indicating that the microbiota is not a major link between diet and liver metabolism. However, several bacterial groups (e.g., <i>Thiosulfatimonas</i> and <i>Alcanivorax</i>), jointly regulated by temperature and diet, correlate with liver metabolites, suggesting alternative, function-independent pathways through which dietary-related microbial changes may influence liver metabolism and even thermal tolerance. Overall, this study provides molecular insights into the dietary modulation of thermal performance in <i>A. davidianus</i> and highlight the potential of dietary microbial management strategies for amphibian conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1546912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiomes in action: multifaceted benefits and challenges across academic disciplines.","authors":"Sereyboth Soth, John G Hampton, Hossein Alizadeh, Steve A Wakelin, Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550749","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbiomes combine the species and activities of all microorganisms living together in a specific habitat. They comprise unique ecological niches with influences that scale from local to global ecosystems. Understanding the connectivity of microbiomes across academic disciplines is important to help mitigate global climate change, reduce food insecurity, control harmful diseases, and ensure environmental sustainability. However, most publications refer to individual microbiomes, and those integrating two or more related disciplines are rare. This review examines the multifaceted benefits of microbiomes across agriculture, food manufacturing and preservation, the natural environment, human health, and biocatalyst processes. Plant microbiomes, by improving plant nutrient cycling and increasing plant abiotic and biotic stress resilience, have increased crop yields by over 20%. Food microbiomes generate approximately USD 30 billion to the global economy through the fermented food industry alone. Environmental microbiomes help detoxify pollutants, absorb more than 90% of heavy metals, and facilitate carbon sequestration. For human microbiomes, an adult person can carry up to 38 trillion microbes which regulate well being, immune functionality, reproductive function, and disease prevention. Microbiomes are used to optimize biocatalyst processes which produce bioenergy and biochemicals; bioethanol production alone is valued at over USD 83 billion p.a. However, challenges, including knowledge gaps, engaging indigenous communities, technical limitations, regulatory considerations, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical issues, must be overcome before the potential for microbiomes can be more effectively realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral microbiome changes in subjects with obesity following bariatric surgery compared to lean counterparts.","authors":"Keun-Suh Kim, Hee Sam Na, Tae Jung Oh, Hyejung Han, Jiyeon Kim, Jin-Sil Hong, Hyo-Jung Lee, Young Suk Park, Jin Chung","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553404","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1553404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to compare oral microbiome profiles between obese and lean individuals without clinical periodontitis, and to assess changes in the oral microbiome of obese subjects following bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 were enrolled in the obese group, whereas those with a BMI < 23 served as controls. The obese surgery group, which consented to bariatric surgery, was followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months with clinical examinations. Oral examinations were conducted and periodontal disease was classified based on probing results. Saliva, buccal and subgingival microbiome samples were analyzed for community diversity, relative bacterial abundance, and differential abundance between control (<i>n</i> = 24) and obese group (<i>n</i> = 31). To evaluate effect size and statistical power, we used micropower, a simulation-based method for Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance-based <i>β</i>-diversity comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obese group exhibited distinct alpha diversity (buccal: Chao1 p = 0.0002, Shannon <i>p</i> = 0.0003, supragingival: Shannon <i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared with the control group. Bray-Curtis distance analysis indicated significant disparities in microbiome composition distribution in saliva (<i>p</i> = 0.003), buccal (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and subgingival plaque samples (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Although the obese and normal weight groups exhibited no significant periodontal differences, the obese group showed distinct species associated with periodontal disease, especially in subgingival plaque including <i>Filifactor alocis</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcaceae</i> spp., <i>Prevotella</i> spp., and <i>Treponema maltophilum.</i> Cluster analysis of the obese surgery group indicated the emergence of microbiomes associated with a healthy state that increased over time including <i>Streptococcus salivarious</i> and various <i>Veillonella</i> spp., whereas clusters containing periodontal pathogens including <i>Porphyromonas</i> spp., tended to diminish.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The oral microbiome at 6 months post-bariatric surgery indicates a potential shift toward a healthy periodontal state, suggesting that weight loss interventions may positively impact oral microbial communities even in the absence of clinical periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in terrestrial microbiology: 2023/2024.","authors":"Paola Grenni, Ruibo Sun, Jeanette M Norton","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1583425","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1583425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1583425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subtractive genomics and drug repurposing strategies for targeting <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: insights from molecular docking and dynamics simulations.","authors":"Borakha Bura Gohain, Bhaskar Mazumder, Sanchaita Rajkhowa, Sami A Al-Hussain, Magdi E A Zaki","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1534659","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1534659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for severe infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the identification of new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to discover potential drug targets against <i>S. pneumoniae</i> using an <i>in silico</i> subtractive genomics approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>S. pneumoniae</i> genome was compared to the human genome to identify non-homologous sequences using CD-HIT and BLASTp. Essential genes were identified using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG), with consideration for human gut microflora. Protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted to identify key hub genes, and gene ontology (GO) studies were performed to explore associated pathways. Due to the lack of crystal structure data, a potential target was modeled <i>in silico</i> and subjected to structure-based virtual screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 2,000 of the 2,027 proteins from the <i>S. pneumoniae</i> genome were identified as non-homologous to humans. The DEG identified 48 essential genes, which was reduced to 21 after considering human gut microflora. Key hub genes included gpi, fba, rpoD, and trpS, associated with 20 pathways. Virtual screening of 2,509 FDA-approved compounds identified Bromfenac as a leading candidate, exhibiting a binding energy of -26.335 ± 29.105 kJ/mol.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Bromfenac, particularly when conjugated with AuAgCu₂O nanoparticles, has demonstrated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This suggests that Bromfenac could be repurposed as a potential therapeutic agent against <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, pending further experimental validation. The approach highlights the potential for drug repurposing by targeting proteins essential in pathogens but absent in the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1534659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}