Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The interplay between antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal pollution, and the role of microplastics.","authors":"Igori Balta, Joanne Lemon, Anna Gadaj, Iuliana Cretescu, Ducu Stef, Ioan Pet, Lavinia Stef, David McCleery, Alastair Douglas, Nicolae Corcionivoschi","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental pollution with heavy metals (HMs) and microplastics (MPs) could enhance the global health challenge antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Herein, we explore the complicated mechanics of how HMs, MPs, and AMR are interlinked within microbial ecosystems, as well as the co-selection and cross-resistance mechanisms. Unlike antibiotics, HMs have influenced microbial evolution for billions of years, promoting resistance mechanisms that predate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). At the same time, this conundrum is further complicated by the pervasive spread of MPs in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, acting as substrates for bacterial pathogenic biofilms and accelerates the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs). This review highlights that HMs such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) have persistently selected for resistance traits through efflux systems and genetic co-regulation. Together, these interactions are amplified by MPs that create genetic exchange hotspots due to biofilm formation. These dynamics are modulated by organic matter, which serves both as a nutrient source and a mediator of HM bioavailability, directly influencing ARG abundance. Soil and water ecosystems, including riverine systems and landfill leachate, are reservoirs for ARGs and ARG-MRG combinations, with notable contributions originating from anthropogenic activities. This review also emphasizes the urgent need for integrated environmental and public health strategies to mitigate pollutant-driven AMR. This work seeks to approach HMs and MPs as synergistic drivers of AMR such that both HMs and MPs are upstream (causes) levers, a foundation from which future research on sustainable environmental management practices and health policy (One Health Approach), aimed at curbing the spread of resistance determinants can proceed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typing of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> by Region-Specific Extraction and Next-Generation Sequencing of the mitogenome.","authors":"Franziska Rachel, Christine Luttermann, Dirk Höper, Franz Josef Conraths, Johannes Dapprich, Pavlo Maksimov","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection by the fox tapeworm <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> may lead to a severe zoonosis in humans, alveolar echinococcosis, which may be fatal if left untreated. Typing is important to understand the epidemiology of this parasite, yet there is limited knowledge on the microdiversity of <i>E. multilocularis</i> on the local scale, since the typing resolution of established methods is restricted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mitogenome of <i>E. multilocularis</i> was used as the target regions to modify, apply and validate the Region-Specific Extraction (RSE) method in combination with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and analysed bioinformatically. To validate the success and the accuracy of the RSE protocol, the mitogenomes of some <i>E. multilocularis</i> isolates were also analysed by the Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the chosen combination of methods, the entire mitogenome (~13 kb) of <i>E. multilocularis</i> could be captured and amplified. The read depth (median ≥ 156X) was sufficient to detect existing SNPs. The comparison of mitogenome sequences extracted by RSE with mitogenome sequences obtained by WGS showed that the accuracy of the RSE method was consistently comparable to direct Whole-Genome Sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate that the RSE method in combination with NGS is suitable to analyse the microdiversity of <i>E. multilocularis</i> at the whole mitogenome level. For the capture and sequencing of large (several kb) genomic regions of <i>E. multilocularis</i> and other applications, this method can be very helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1535628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of flow dynamics on corrosive biofilms under simulated deep-sea high-pressure conditions using bio-electrochemostasis.","authors":"Nicolò Ivanovich, Enrico Marsili, Xinhui Shen, Elena Messinese, Marcos, Pauliina Rajala, Federico M Lauro","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation of biofilms on metal surfaces contributes to the degradation of metallic materials through a process known as microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). While MIC accounts for a substantial portion of the global corrosion-related costs, its study is particularly challenging when related to infrastructure deployed in extreme environments inhabited by microorganisms, such as the deep sea. Here, this limitation was addressed with the development of a high-pressure bio-electrochemostat able to simulate the conditions of the deep sea more accurately than the traditional closed-batch setups. With this device, the corrosive capabilities of the piezophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) <i>Pseudodesulfovibrio profundus</i> were analyzed at 0.1 (atmospheric pressure) and 30 MPa under flow and static conditions on AH36 marine-grade carbon steel. The results highlighted the device's ability to closely replicate environmental conditions, thereby keeping bacterial communities metabolically active throughout the experiments and allowing for a more accurate assessment of the impact of MIC. Furthermore, the comparison between atmospheric and high hydrostatic pressures clearly showed that MIC represents a threat for metallic structures at the bottom of the ocean as much as at surface level.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540664"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of bovine rotavirus: an overview of currently available methods.","authors":"Ying Huang, Zhi Li, Yong Fu, Shu Qin Wang, Ming Kang, Ru Meng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is a significant pathogen that causes diarrhea in calves, profoundly impacting the cattle industry and resulting in substantial economic losses. Currently, the established diagnostic approaches for BRV primarily include etiological methods, such as electron microscopy, virus isolation, and culture; serological methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), latex agglutination test (LAT), and immunofluorescence techniques; and molecular biological methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. This review summarizes the current diagnostic methods for BRV, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and presents future perspectives on BRV diagnosis, aiming to provide valuable references for the effective diagnosis and control of BRV-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional diversification of oxalate decarboxylases in terms of enzymatic activity, morphosporogenesis, stress regulation and virulence in <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i>.","authors":"Yanyun Lv, Yu Liu, Yuqing Lin, Huiying Zheng, Jingting Yan, Yu Zhang, Weiguo Miao, Wei Wu, Chunhua Lin","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1547950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxalate decarboxylase (OxdC) is an enzyme that degrades oxalic acid and may affect the virulence of necrotrophic fungal pathogens that rely on oxalic acid as a pathogenicity factor. However, the biological function of OxdCs in hemibiotropic fungi is still unknown. Our previous studies revealed four OxdC-encoding genes in the whole genome, with <i>CsOxdC3</i> playing important roles in morphosporogenesis, fungicide resistance and virulence in <i>Colletotrichum siamense</i>. Here, we systematically analyzed the biological functions of four oxalate decarboxylase genes in <i>C. siamense</i> via a loss-of-function method. The results revealed <i>CsOxdC1</i>, <i>CsOxdC2</i>, and <i>CsOxdC4</i> played major roles in degrading oxalic acid in <i>C. siamense</i>, whereas <i>CsOxdC3</i> did not. All four <i>CsOxdCs</i> positively modulated morphosporogenesis, including vegetative growth, conidial size, conidial germination rate and the appressorium formation rate, to different extents. In particular, the <i>CsOxdC3</i> deletion mutant failed to form appressoria. The four <i>OxdC</i> gene deletion mutants had different responses to Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and multiple fungicides. Among them, <i>CsOxdC2</i> and <i>CsOxdC4</i> exhibited positive roles in resistance to Mn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ stresses; <i>CsOxdC1</i> played a slightly positive role in <i>C. siamense</i> resistance to azole fungicides; and <i>CsOxdC3</i> had a significantly positive role in regulating the sensitivity of <i>C. siamense</i> to multiple fungicides, including pyrrole and azole, but not <i>CsOxdC2</i> and <i>CsOxdC4</i>. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type strain, Δ<i>CsOxdC2</i> and Δ<i>CsOxdC3</i>, but not Δ<i>CsOxdC1</i> and Δ<i>CsOxdC4</i>, displayed significantly reduced virulence. In conclusion, our data indicated that <i>CsOxdCs</i> exerted diverse functions in morphogenesis, stress homeostasis, fungicide resistance, and virulence in <i>C. siamense</i>. This study provides insights into the biological function of <i>OxdCs</i> in the hemibiotrophic fungus <i>C. siamense</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of periodontal disease and periodontopathogen colonization in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study.","authors":"Ludivine Berbé, Marie Machouart, Amandine Luc, Eliane Albuisson, Catherine Strazielle, Catherine Bisson","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1552656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1552656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alteration of the oral microbiome could potentially play a role in the etiology of certain patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), similar to the established link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and ASD. Most studies have assessed oral microbiota in children only and few have explored the oral flora composition in adults with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study, periodontal and dental status was evaluated in 30 adults with ASD using appropriate indices. Oral microbiota samples were collected in crevicular fluid and supra-gingival plaque at inflamed sites in each patient and analyzed using PCR for bacteria and qPCR for protozoa. Demographic data, co-morbidities, medication and oral hygiene habits were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86.7% of the patients recruited suffering from severe ASD had periodontal disease and 67% had a high level of supra-gingival plaque. Two major periodontopathogens belonging to the red complex, <i>Treponema denticola</i> and <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, were both detected in the supra-gingival plaque of 86.2% of patients and in the gingival crevicular fluid of 80 and 86.7% of patients, respectively. Certain microorganisms were statistically more frequently detected in patients with digestive disorders and taking certain medications.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The oral microbiota composition of the adults with ASD showed significant differences compared to neurotypical individuals, particularly in the prevalence of the specific microorganisms <i>P. gingivalis</i>, <i>T. tenax</i> and <i>E. gingivalis</i> ST1. The detection frequency of periodontitis and periodontopathogens may have been underestimated due to the lack of cooperation of the adults with ASD during clinical examination and microbiota sampling. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to consolidate these results to gain a better understanding of variations in oral microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1552656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11908435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of soil metabolic function and microbial communities between plantations and natural reforestation.","authors":"Nannan Zhang, Xiaoxia Chen, Tingju Ren, Jiangcheng Luo, Jin Liang, En Tao Wang, Fusun Shi","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1544641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1544641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reforestation plays a vital role in restoring the soil degradation areas. However, the mechanisms by which different restoration approaches affect the soil properties and microbial communities remain unclear. Aiming to understand the interactions between plant species, soil properties, and microbial communities in different restoration approaches, we investigated the soil microbial community using nontargeted metabolomics to explore how the reforestation approach affects soil physicochemical properties, soil metabolites, and soil microbial communities. The results showed that the reforestation approach, soil layer, and their interactive effects significantly affected soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, available phosphorus concentrations, and root traits. The diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in natural reforestation (NR) were different from those in artificial mono-plantations, and their network interactions were more significant in NR than in artificial plantations. A clear separation of metabolites between the artificial plantations and NR was observed in the soil metabolite analysis. Two pathways, linoleic acid metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, were significantly regulated between the artificial mono-plantations and NR. Different soil traits were significantly correlated with dominant microbial taxa in the four reforestation approaches. 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, homovanillin, and 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid showed the highest correlation with the microbial taxa in the network. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) shows that root-mediated soil physicochemical properties were the primary factors affecting the bacterial community among the reforestation approaches. The soil fungal community is directly regulated by plant roots in the subsoil and indirectly regulated by the root-mediated physicochemical properties in the topsoil. We conclude that different reforestation approaches affect the soil microbial community through root and soil physicochemical properties rather than soil metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1544641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pathogenicity variation between two <i>Erwinia</i> species in apples and their population using a duplex real-time PCR method.","authors":"Mi-Hyun Lee, Kotnala Balaraju, Hyo-Won Choi, Yong Hwan Lee","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1514551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1514551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fire blight and black shoot blight diseases, caused by <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> and <i>Erwinia pyrifoliae</i>, respectively, continue to spread several areas in Korea, despite intensive efforts by the government to control diseases. The distribution pattern of fire blight and black shoot blight is different from each other in Korea. Consequently, it is required to investigate the pathogenicity of <i>E. amylovora</i> and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> in apple trees. The disease severity of fire blight and black shoot blight was compared in this study by an artificial inoculation of <i>E. amylovora</i> and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> suspensions into the abaxial veins of apple leaves and measuring their pathogenicity at varying temperatures. Furthermore, disease severity was assessed by inoculating <i>E. amylovora</i> and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> in apple flowers and assessing their pathogenicity at various temperatures. The <i>E. amylovora</i>-inoculated flowers displayed greater disease index than <i>E. pyrifoliae</i>-inoculated flowers at temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C. Upon examining the population sizes of <i>E amylovora</i> and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> in flowers using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the Ct value of <i>E. amylovora</i> was found to be lower in the style including stigma and hypanthium than the Ct value of <i>E. pyrifoliae</i>, except at 18°C. Hypanthium contained <i>E. amylovora</i> TS3128 and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> YKB12327 at >10⁷ and 10⁵ CFU/mL, respectively at 15°C. Furthermore, in this study, we investigated the population size of <i>E. amylovora</i> and <i>E. pyrifoliae</i> in apple flowers in relation to temperature in order to clarify the differences in their pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1514551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal composition and diversity of endophyte communities in <i>Dracaena cambodiana</i> on Hainan Island.","authors":"Sipeng Li, Yang Liu, Xin Yang, Yun Yang, Junxiang Peng, Yanhong Xu, Jianhe Wei","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Dracaena cambodiana</i> produces a red resin known as Dragon's blood, which is used worldwide in traditional medicine and as a dye. The role of endophytes in the resin-formation process remains underexplored. Understanding the endophyte communities and their functional roles in resin production could enable the development of efficient induction techniques for resin production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, ITS and metagenomic sequencing analyzed endophyte communities' characteristics and functional traits in different tissues and <i>D. cambodiana</i> across multiple wild populations on Hainan Island.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified distinct fungal genera that were dominant in different tissues. Following injury, we observed significant changes in the expression of endophytic fungal genes. These changes indicated that metabolic pathways associated with resin metabolism, sucrose metabolism, signal transduction, and phenylalanine metabolism were likely involved in resin formation. Additionally, several glycosylation gene families were upregulated in the post-injury endophytic communities, which suggests a role in flavonoid transport and the reduction of autotoxic effects.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results suggest that endophytes play a vital role in the resin-formation process of <i>D. cambodiana</i>. Isolating specific endophytes or using synthetic communities could potentially improve resin yields and avoid pathogenic fungi, ensuring safety. The findings from this study provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-efficiency resin induction techniques by targeting the dynamic changes in endophyte communities across tissues, regions, and resin formation stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscapes of the main components, metabolic and microbial signatures, and their correlations during stack \"sweating\" of <i>Eucommiae Cortex</i>.","authors":"Linfeng Wang, Mengxian Wu, Bingnan Gu, Erfeng Wang, Faliang Wu, Jiapeng Yang, Bing Guo, Xingke Li, Pengpai Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1550337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>\"Sweating,\" a key step in the processing and production of <i>Eucommiae Cortex</i> (EC), which plays a vital role in the formation of the medicinal quality of EC. However, the mechanism of the effect of this traditional treatment of herbs on the quality of herbs is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UPLC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing were applied to investigate the dynamic changes of the main active ingredients, differential metabolites and bacterial communities in the process of \"sweating\" in EC. The samples were prepared by the traditional stacking \"sweating\" method, and the samples were collected once a day for five consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the contents of the main active constituents, geniposidic acid (GPA), chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (AU), pinoresinol diglucoside (PD) and total flavonoids (TFS), increased significantly after steaming, followed by a slight decrease. Furthermore, 807 metabolites were identified as crucial factors contributing to the metabolic alterations induced by the \"sweating\" process. Microbial diversity analysis showed considerable changes in microbiota characteristics, and the main functional microorganisms before and after \"sweating\" of EC were <i>Gluconobacter, unclassified_c_Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Pedobacter, and Parecoccus</i>, which were involved in the five metabolic pathways of other secondary metabolites leading to significant changes in alkaloids, amino acid related compounds, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The correlation network established between core bacterial communities, active ingredients, and metabolic pathways elucidates the microbial regulation of EC quality during sweating. These findings provide a scientific foundation for optimizing processing duration and advancing quality control strategies through targeted microbial community management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}