Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Expanding the C-S-R framework to incorporate microbial interactions: evidence from methane-consuming communities.","authors":"Rui Wang, Yuru Chen, Binyan Zhai, Sascha M B Krause","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589221","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial interactions are critical in shaping community assembly and ecosystem functioning, yet classical ecological frameworks such as Grime's Competitor-Stress Tolerator-Ruderal (C-S-R) model primarily emphasize individual traits, overlooking interspecies dependencies. Here, we propose an expansion of the C-S-R framework to incorporate microbial interactions, using methane-consuming communities in methane-fed microcosms as a model system. We present experimental data on both natural and synthetic methane-consuming communities derived from Lake Washington sediments, demonstrating that nitrate availability regulates community dynamics and life strategies. Under nitrogen limitation, the methanotroph <i>Methylomonas</i> adopts stress tolerance via nitrogen fixation but loses its competitive advantage under nitrate-rich conditions. These shifts are linked to the emergence of <i>Methylotenera</i>, a non-methanotrophic methylotroph that relies on cross-fed carbon from methanotrophs (e.g., <i>Methylobacter</i>) and alters competitive outcomes through metabolic coupling. Our findings show that survival strategies are shaped not only by intrinsic traits but also by interaction-based traits that redistribute resources and reshape ecological niches. By integrating these dynamics, we offer a novel perspective on the C-S-R framework that captures both individual and emergent behaviors, providing new insight into microbial community resilience and improving the predictive power of ecological models under environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1589221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on soil bacterial community assembly and function under different straw returning practices in arid and semi-arid agricultural ecosystems over multiple years.","authors":"Rui-Zhi Liu, Xiao-Ya Zhao, Biao Feng, Wen-Shan Zhao, Ming-Yu Li, Xiao-Fang Yu, Shu-Ping Hu, Rui-Ping Li, Ju-Lin Gao, Qinggeer Borjigin","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1590686","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1590686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Straw return has gained attention for its potential to improve soil quality and crop yields, particularly in semi-arid regions like the Tumu Chuan Plain Irrigation Area. Soil bacteria play a crucial role in regulating soil biological processes, and understanding how straw return affects bacterial populations can guide better agricultural management practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the impact of continuous straw return on soil bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four treatments were applied: Farmers' shallow rotation (CK), straw incorporated with deep tillage (DPR), straw incorporated with subsoiling (SSR), and no-tillage mulching straw return (NTR). Bacterial community structure, metabolic pathways, and assembly mechanisms were analyzed using Bugbase and PICRUSt2 for phenotypic and metabolic pathway predictions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that straw return practices significantly altered the relative abundance and life history strategies of bacterial phyla, mainly influenced by soil organic matter (SOM) and enzyme activity. The K-strategist to r-strategist ratio was highest in CK (2.06) and lowest in SSR (1.89). DPR and NTR treatments significantly changed bacterial community structure compared to CK (<i>p</i> < 0.05), resembling SSR. Predictions showed that DPR and NTR enhanced carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and promoted more stable bacterial networks, with homogenous selection and drift effects. Bacterial aggregation in all treatments was driven by random processes, with varying aggregation levels: CK (20%), DPR (38.6%), SSR (16.5%), and NTR (30.7%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study demonstrates that continuous straw return practices significantly impact soil bacterial communities. DPR and NTR notably improved microbial diversity, bacterial cooperation, and ecosystem stability. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in semi-arid regions, enhancing soil microbial ecology and soil health through strategic straw return.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1590686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root zone microbial communities of <i>Artemisia ordosica</i> Krasch. at different successional stages in Mu US Sandy Land: a metagenomic perspective with culturomics insights.","authors":"Wen Zhu, Shuo Han, Yao Cheng, Zhihong Yu, Guozhu Zhao, Xiangwei He","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585700","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoremediation offers a promising strategy for addressing the global challenge of land desertification. In the Mu Us Sandy Land of China, <i>Artemisia ordosica</i> Krasch. has emerged as a key species for desertification control. Its root-associated microbial communities may enhance the plant's adaptability to sandy, nutrient-poor environments. Despite their ecological significance, comprehensive investigations of these microbial communities remain limited. In this study, microbial communities in the root zone (i.e., rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere) of <i>A. ordosica</i> were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing and different isolation approaches across successional stages (moving dunes, semi-fixed dunes, and fixed dunes) in the Mu Us Sandy Land of northern China. Metagenomic analysis revealed that microbial diversity was significantly higher in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils than in the root endosphere; moving dunes exhibited lower diversity than semi-fixed and fixed dunes. Meanwhile, distinct microbial community structures across successional stages were revealed by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), demonstrating substantial differences between the root endosphere and other zones. Environmental factors, including nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), organic matter (OM), available potassium (AK), and total potassium (TK), significantly influenced microbial community composition. Moreover, dominant genera such as <i>Arthrobacter</i> and <i>Paraphoma</i> were identified, potentially contributing to <i>A. ordosica</i> growth. From a culturomics perspective, 93 bacterial isolates were obtained using conventional streak plate and colony pick methods, with Firmicutes (37.63%) and <i>Bacillus</i> (23.66%) identified as the dominant taxa. In parallel, 14 fungal strains were isolated, primarily belonging to <i>Penicillium</i> (35.71%) and <i>Aspergillus</i> (21.43%), both of which are well-documented for their stress tolerance in arid ecosystems. A high-throughput cultivation and identification method, tailored to recover rare and slow-growing bacteria, was employed and successfully broadened the cultured diversity to include Proteobacteria (46.43%) and representatives of the rarely cultivated Deinococcus-Thermus phylum. This study provides metagenomic with culturomics insights into the microbial communities associated with <i>A. ordosica</i>, enhancing the understanding of plant-microbe interactions in sandy land ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1585700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and characteristics of multidrug-resistant MRSA in Norway 2008-2020.","authors":"Torunn Gresdal Rønning, Hege Enger, Jan Egil Afset, Christina Gabrielsen Ås","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1564943","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1564943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are recognized as a critical One Health concern which poses a significant threat to public health, leading to increased morbidity and mortality across both high- and low-income countries. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MDR-MRSA) strains identified in Norway from 2008 to 2020, in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution and dissemination of multidrug resistance in <i>S. aureus</i>. A total of 452 MDR-MRSA strains isolated from 429 individuals were analyzed from a dataset of 23,412 MRSA strains. Methods included epidemiological characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and genetic analysis of a selection of strains using nanopore sequencing to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations, as well as their location on plasmids, SCC<i>mec</i> and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The study revealed an overall increasing trend in MDR-MRSA strains, with healthcare-associated strains being more prevalent among MDR-MRSA compared to the overall MRSA population. Significant heterogeneity in <i>spa</i>-types and clonal complexes exhibiting multidrug resistance was observed, with high resistance rates against multiple antibiotic groups, particularly erythromycin, ciprofloxacin/norfloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and clindamycin in addition to cefoxitin. The predominant MDR-MRSA clones included t1476/CC8, t127/CC1, t189/CC188, and t030, t037/CC239. Among these, MRSA t1476/CC8 showed an upward trend toward the conclusion of the study period, indicating the emergence of a MDR-MRSA clone. A broad range of AMR genes and mutations were detected, linked to a wide variety of MGEs, highlighting the complex mechanisms of resistance development and dissemination within the MRSA population. This study highlights the rising challenge posed by MDR-MRSA strains, and reveals the multifactorial nature of AMR in <i>S. aureus</i>, thus emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance, antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures, as well as global cooperation, in order to combat the spread of these multidrug-resistant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1564943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome characterization of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) in wild and domestic pigs: insights into genetic classification, host differentiation, and intra-host variation.","authors":"Xiaolong Li, Yasmin Tavares, Céline M Carneiro, Caroline Phillips, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, John Lednicky, Raoul K Boughton, Kim M Pepin, Ryan S Miller, Kurt C VerCauteren, Samantha M Wisely","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585558","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1585558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1), a member of the <i>Anelloviridae</i> family, is highly prevalent in swine populations and exhibits substantial genetic diversity. Despite its ubiquity, TTSuV1 remains understudied, particularly regarding its genetic diversity, host-specific differentiation, and intra-host variation. These characteristics are critical for understanding its evolution, transmission dynamics, and potential applications in biosecurity monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Field and laboratory protocols included capturing wild pigs, collecting whole blood samples, and screening for TTSuV1-positive samples through PCR. TOPO TA cloning was used to amplify individual viral variants within hosts, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on selected clones. A dated phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using TTSuV1 whole genome sequences obtained from wild pig samples in this study and all available sequences from NCBI. To evaluate genetic differentiation between wild and domestic pigs, partial viral sequences (~700 bp) were analyzed using phylogenetic D statistic and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Intra-host variation was assessed by calculating pairwise identity percentages among viral clones from individual hosts and constructing haplotype networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences grouped TTSuV1 into four clades, with sequences from wild pigs distributed across all clades. Known subtypes 1a, 1b, and 1c were localized within Clades 3 and 4, leaving sequences in Clades 1 and 2 with unidentified subtypes. Partial sequence analysis revealed significant host-specific genetic differentiation: the D statistic confirmed a non-random association between host type (wild vs. domestic) and phylogeny, and AMOVA further showed contributions of both host type and geography to overall variation. Intra-host variation analysis provided evidence for multiple sources of genetic diversity within individual hosts. Pairwise identity percentages among viral clones ranged from 63.6% to 100%, with lower identity values indicating co-infection with distinct viral variants. Haplotype network analysis revealed mutational steps between haplotypes from the same host, suggesting that intra-host evolution also contributes to within-host genetic variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the significant genetic diversity and host-specific differentiation of TTSuV1, with wild pigs playing a key role in its evolution. Both intra-host evolution and co-infection contribute to its diversity, underscoring its potential as a tool for monitoring biosecurity risks and cross-transmission between wild and domestic pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1585558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged effect of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota composition, functionality, and antibiotic resistance genes' profiles in healthy stool donors.","authors":"Ramin Karimianghadim, Reetta Satokari, Sam Yeo, Perttu Arkkila, Dina Kao, Sepideh Pakpour","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589704","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective in preventing <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> recurrence by restoring gut microbiota composition and function. However, the impact of recent antibiotic use, a key exclusion criterion for stool donors, on gut microbiota recovery is poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated microbial recovery dynamics following antibiotic use in three long-term stool donors from Canada and Finland. Using longitudinal stool sampling, metagenomic sequencing, and qPCR, we assessed changes in bacterial diversity, community composition, microbial functions, the gut phageome, and the risk of transmitting antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotics caused lasting disruption to bacterial communities, significantly reducing important taxa like <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>, <i>Blautia wexlerae</i>, <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, <i>Eubacterium</i> sp. <i>CAG 180</i>, and <i>Eubacterium hallii</i>, with effects persisting for months. Functional analyses revealed alterations in housekeeping genes critical for energy production and biosynthesis, with no direct links to key health-related pathways. Antibiotics also disrupted viral populations, decreasing diversity and increasing <i>crAssphage</i> abundance, reflecting disrupted host-bacteriophage dynamics. No significant increase in clinically important ARGs was detected.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the unpredictable and complex recovery of gut microbiota post-antibiotics. Individualized suspension periods in donor programs, guided by metagenomic analyses, are recommended to optimize FMT outcomes in various indications by considering antibiotic spectrum, duration, and host-specific factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1589704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylitol promotes the antioxidant and biocontrol efficiency of the antagonistic yeast, <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i>.","authors":"Weiwei Zhang, Shunyao Zhuang, Jianshuang Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1545248","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1545248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biocontrol efficiency of the antagonist yeast <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> is significantly reduced under oxidative stress in adverse environments. However, effective strategies to improve <i>M. guilliermondii</i> under such abiotic stress remain limited. As an effective protectant of yeasts, xylitol has significant potential to improve the performance of <i>M. guilliermondii</i> under abiotic stress. We investigated xylitol's effects on the viability and efficiency of <i>M. guilliermondii</i> under oxidative stress. The results showed that 0.5 M and 1 M xylitol significantly enhanced yeast survival, antioxidant gene expression, and enzyme activity, including thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and peroxidase (POD), while reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as well as damage to mitochondrial membranes, and preserving the ATP content. Notably, xylitol-treated (XT) yeast exhibited higher intracellular xylitol levels and improved resistance to oxidative stress compared with the non-xylitol-treated cells. Additionally, XT yeast showed a greater biocontrol efficacy and lower postharvest fungal infection rate by gray mold and blue mold in apples. These results demonstrated that xylitol effectively boosts the resilience and biocontrol efficiency of <i>M. guilliermondii</i>, making it a promising candidate to improve postharvest disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic efficacy and mechanism of a pigeon derived <i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i> strain in promoting growth and intestinal development of pigeons.","authors":"Puze Zhao, Yumei Li, Yuwei Yang, Qingxing Xiao, Ziyi Zhang, Xiaoqing Hong, Hongyu Ni, Zhuxuan Xia, Kun Zhan, Sibao Yang, Yonghong Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584380","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584380","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;With the gradual rise of antibiotic-free farming practices, the exploration of novel, green, and low-pollution alternatives to antibiotics has become one of the key research focus in the field of agricultural science. In the development of antibiotic alternatives, probiotics, particularly host-associated probiotics, have been found to play a significant role in enhancing the production performance of livestock and poultry. However, research on and application of probiotics specifically for meat pigeons remain relatively underdeveloped.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess and investigate the probiotic efficacy and mechanisms during homologous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transplant to host-pigeons, LAB strains with good probiotic properties were isolated from the intestinal contents of 28-day-old Mimas pigeons. And then measured the production indexes, intestinal flora, and intestinal transcriptomics of the hosts after instillation of LAB strains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 360 at 1-day-old pigeons were randomly divided into four groups and gavaged 0.4 mL &lt;i&gt;Ligilactobacillus salivarius&lt;/i&gt; S10 with concentration of 0, 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;, and 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/mL, designated as the control group (CG), the low concentration group (LG), the medium concentration group (MG), and the high concentration group (HG), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings revealed that an optimal concentration of 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/mL &lt;i&gt;L. salivarius&lt;/i&gt; S10, a dominant strain isolated and screened, enhanced the growth performance and intestinal development of young pigeons. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the abundance of &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus, Pantoea_A&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus_H&lt;/i&gt; and a significant reduction in the abundance of &lt;i&gt;Clostridium_T&lt;/i&gt; in the pigeon ileum (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) under selected concentration treatment. Transcriptomic profiling of the ileum revealed 1828 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CG and MG. Notably, DEGs involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, such as &lt;i&gt;RAF1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PDGFRB&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ELK4&lt;/i&gt;, were significantly correlated with differential ileal bacteria, suggesting that modulation of intestinal flora can influence the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and differentiation in the ileum, which is potentially important in promoting the growth and development of pigeons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ligilactobacillus salivarius&lt;/i&gt; S10 possesses the potential to be used as a probiotic for pigeons, which can influence the expression of gut development-related DEGs by regulating the intestinal flora, and further improve the growth performance of pigeons. This research provides a scientific foundation for developing pigeon-specific probiotics and promotes healthy farming practices for meat pigeons. Furthermore, it opens new avenues for improving the economic efficiency of pigeon farm","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1584380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaurenoic acid is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, virion assembly, and release <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Igor Andrade Santos, Victoria Riquena Grosche, Natasha Marques Cassani, Rodrigo Cássio Sola Veneziani, Gustavo Lima Ribeiro, Jairo Kenupp Bastos, Nilson Nicolau-Junior, Andres Merits, Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins, Mark Harris, Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540934","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to pose global health challenges despite the availability of approved vaccines and antiviral drugs. The emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and ongoing post-COVID complications necessitate continuous exploration of effective treatments. Kaurenoic acid (KA) is a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plants of the <i>Copaifera</i> genus and has been previously recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor properties. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the <i>in vitro</i> effects of KA on viruses. Here, we evaluated its effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication for the first time.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>KA demonstrated a high selective index of 16.1 against SARS-CoV-2 and robust effectiveness against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) and BA.2 (Omicron) variants. Mechanistically, KA was shown to impair the post-entry steps of viral replication. In a subgenomic replicon system, we observed a decrease in viral RNA synthesis in different cell lines. Using an infectious virus, a larger reduction in the release of SARS-CoV-2 virions was observed. We suggest that KA interacts with SARS-CoV-2 proteases through molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, KA emerges as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases and, consequently, its replication cycle. It could be a good candidate for further investigation in clinical assays against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the concerted interaction of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants on lignocellulose and its degradation mechanism.","authors":"Runqi Fu, Lin Han, Qian Li, Zhe Li, Yue Dai, Jing Leng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1554271","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1554271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complex structure of lignocellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources on earth, makes biodegradation challenging. Ruminant gastrointestinal microbiota achieves efficient lignocellulose degradation through a highly synergistic ecosystem, which provides an important research model for sustainable energy development and high value-added chemical production. This review systematically summarizes the key mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation by ruminant gastrointestinal microorganisms, focusing on the synergistic roles of rumen and hindgut (including cecum, colon, and rectum) microorganisms in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation. The study focuses on the functional differentiation and cooperation patterns of bacteria, fungi and protozoa in lignocellulose decomposition, and summarizes the roles of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and their new discoveries under the histological techniques. In addition, this manuscript explores the potential application of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial degradation mechanisms in improving the utilization of straw-based feeds. In the future, by revealing the mechanism of microbe-host synergy and integrating multi-omics technologies, the study of ruminant gastrointestinal microbial ecosystems will provide new solutions to promote the efficient utilization of lignocellulose and alleviate the global energy crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1554271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}