Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Bacillus velezensis</i> 802 with antagonistic activity against <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>: genome characterization, secondary metabolites and antifungal mechanism.","authors":"Li Zhang, Miaomiao Yang, Boyuan Zhang, Yuting Li, Lizhu Shao, Ziyu Wang, Yating Wang, Yuwen Tang, Yuansen Hu, Peng Li, Zhongke Sun, Na Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1942172","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1942172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Aspergillus flavus</i> causes severs postharvest spoilage and aflatoxins contamination of agricultural commodities, posing major threats to food safety and human health and underscoring the need for safe, effective biocontrol strategies. This study aimed to identify an antagonistic endophytic bacterium against <i>A. flavus</i> and to integrate whole-genome mining, metabolomics, and mechanistic assays to elucidate the molecular basis of its antifungal activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An endophytic isolate was identified as <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> 802. Its crude extract was evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, and SEM, CLSM, and physiological assays were used to assess hyphal morphology, membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis of the whole-genome sequence was used to predict biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and their associated pathways. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify metabolites in the active extract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Bacillus velezensis</i> 802 inhibited <i>A. flavus</i> by 70.16%. The crude extract induced hyphal wrinkling and swelling, disrupted membrane integrity, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed key energy-metabolism enzymes, and activated the Caspase-9-mediated apoptotic pathway. Genome analysis revealed a 3,951,806 bp circular chromosome containing 13 BGCs. Metabolomics identified six secondary metabolites, among which isobutyric acid showed the strongest antifungal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By coupling whole-genome mining with metabolomic profiling and mechanistic validation, this study demonstrates that <i>B. velezensis</i> 802 suppresses <i>A. flavus</i> through multi-target interference with cell structure, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. The strain and its metabolites, especially isobutyric acid, are promising biocontrol candidates for improving grain storage safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1942172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanozyme-based biosensors for pathogenic microorganism detection: a mini-review.","authors":"Ting Yang, Yuting Ling, Enmei Zhang, Jin Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1994360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1994360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanozyme technology has surfaced as a game-changing tool in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, serving as an appealing substitute for traditional biosensing methods. This review first highlighted the unique catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes, including peroxidase-like, catalase-like, oxidase-like, and superoxide dismutase-like activities, which are fundamental to their usefulness. Second, we explored mainstream biosensing platforms, such as colorimetric/lateral flow assays, electrochemical sensors, fluorescent/dual-modal systems, and nanozyme-CRISPR synergistic approaches. Each of these systems benefited from the stability, tunability, and cost-effectiveness of nanozymes. Third, the applications of nanozyme-based biosensors in the diagnosis of clinical pathogens, the detection of foodborne bacteria, and the monitoring of environmental microorganisms were further analyzed. Finally, the future directions of nanozyme-based biosensors were discussed to advance their clinical and industrial translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1994360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome profiles of two limestone forest-dwelling langurs show stronger influence of host-associated factors than environment.","authors":"Wen Xie, Shiyi Lu, Zheng Liu, Jingjin Zheng, Fengxiang Mo, Kechu Zhang, Zhonghao Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1953526","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1953526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Host-associated factor and the environment play crucial roles in shaping the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Considerable debate exists regarding the relative influence of host-associated and environmental factors on the gut microbiome. To determine the relative importance of host-associated factors and environmental factors in langurs, we employed metagenomic sequencing to examine differences in the gut microbiome of the white-headed langurs (<i>Trachypithecus leucocephalus</i>) and François' langurs (<i>T. francoisi</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome significantly differed between white-headed langurs and François' langurs in similar habitats. However, there was no significant variation in the alpha diversity between the wild and captive François' langurs. Similarly, the proportion of Bacillota differed between the langur species, with a higher proportion in the white-headed langurs than the François' langurs. In addition, significant separation in gut microbiome functions also occurred between the two species. The functional genes related to metabolism (e.g., carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism) and Glycoside Hydrolases in wild François' langurs were more abundant than in the other langurs. The results of PCoA showed that the pathways were significantly separated between white-headed langurs and François' langurs at four levels in the KEGG database, whereas the pathways showed no significant differences between the wild and captive François' langurs except for module level. The proportion of ARGs related to multidrug resistance was higher in wild François' langurs, likely associated with the utilization of poultry manure and antibacterial biocides in the langur's habitat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that the host-associated factors have stronger influence on shaping the gut microbiome of langurs than environmental factors. These findings provide data on the relative contributions of host-associated factors and environmental factors to the gut microbiome of langurs and identify potential driving factors for antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, these findings provide crucial insights into the influence of host-associated factors on the gut microbiome, offering a theoretical basis for future langur conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1953526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term application of traditional compost and bio-compost on soil microbial community structure and life-history strategies.","authors":"Lizhan Liu, Tao Yang, Xiaofang Wu, Yang Fan, Peipei Zhang, Jia Li, Wenbing Tan, Xiawei Peng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1910948","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1910948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term compost application is an important strategy for improving soil fertility and regulating soil microbial communities, but the comparative effects of traditional compost and bio-compost on microbial life-history strategies remain unclear, which is a valuable framework for linking community shifts to soil carbon and nutrient cycling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a long-term (30-year) field experiment established in 1993 under a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system was used to evaluate the effects of high-rate bio-compost, high-rate traditional compost, low-rate bio-compost, low-rate traditional compost, and an unfertilized control on soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and oligotrophic/copiotrophic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compost application significantly increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil moisture, with soil organic carbon content in the high-rate bio-compost treatment being 33.8% higher than that of the control. Soil oxidative enzyme activities, including catalase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase, were also enhanced by compost addition. Bacterial diversity was highest under low-rate bio-compost, whereas fungal diversity and trophic strategies showed stronger responses to fertilization. Principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that both bacterial and fungal community compositions were significantly altered by 30 years of compost application. The bacterial oligotroph/copiotroph ratio remained relatively stable among treatments, while the fungal oligotroph/copiotroph ratio decreased significantly under low-rate bio-compost. Specifically, this treatment significantly decreased the relative abundance of the oligotrophic fungal phylum Basidiomycota while increasing the copiotrophic phylum Ascomycota, indicating a shift toward copiotrophic fungal groups. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the high-rate bio-compost significantly enhanced microbial network complexity, increasing the number of nodes from 419 (control) to 753 and edges from 828 to 1841 in the bacterial network, suggesting enhanced microbial connectivity under high-rate bio-compost application. Correlation, Mantel, and redundancy analyses further identified soil total phosphorus and oxidative enzyme activities, especially manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase, as key factors associated with microbial community variation and trophic group distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, long-term bio-compost application improved soil fertility, stimulated oxidative enzyme activities, enhanced microbial network complexity, and regulated microbial life-history strategies, with different responses between bacterial and fungal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1910948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology-associated differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome in hepatocellular carcinoma: an exploratory study of alcohol-related and HBV-related cases.","authors":"Yongguang Wei, Kejian Yang, Qinchen Lu, Xin Zhou, Huasheng Huang, Meiliang Liu, Lijun Wang, Liming Shang, Tao Peng, Xiaoyun Zeng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1927595","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1927595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in heterogeneous etiological contexts, but direct cross-omics comparisons between HCC subgroups defined by different etiologies remain limited. In this exploratory study, we combined fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted serum metabolomics with exploratory cross-omics analyses to compare gut microbial composition, serum metabolic profiles, and microbiome-metabolite association patterns between hepatitis B virus-related HCC (HBV-HCC) and alcohol-related HCC (ALD-HCC). Forty patients who underwent primary tumor resection were included, comprising 26 with HBV-HCC and 14 with ALD-HCC. Alpha diversity indices did not differ significantly between groups, whereas within-group Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was greater in ALD-HCC and genus-level beta-diversity ordination showed only modest separation between the two groups. LEfSe-based screening suggested the enrichment of candidate taxa, including <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Lachnospira</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, and <i>Butyribacter</i> in HBV-HCC, whereas <i>Allisonella</i> and <i>Coprobacillus</i> were enriched in ALD-HCC. Untargeted metabolomics showed group separation in supervised models and identified exploratory candidate metabolic features mainly involving glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and central carbon metabolism in cancer; however, these metabolite-level findings did not remain significant after multiple-testing correction. Procrustes and O2PLS analyses indicated limited global concordance between the microbiome and metabolome, although exploratory associations were observed between several phosphatidylcholine-related features and microbial taxa. Overall, HBV-HCC and ALD-HCC may be associated with different gut microbial and serum metabolic patterns, and these findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1927595"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification, and genomic analysis of <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> CMGF-RB13 causing strawberry root rot.","authors":"Haohao Yan, Chong Wu, Tianyu Guo, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Lili Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1958307","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1958307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strawberry root rot is a serious soil-borne root disease with a high incidence rate that is extremely difficult to control. To identify the fungal pathogens responsible for strawberry root rot, diseased plants exhibiting root rot symptoms were collected from Jining, Shandong Province, China. Strain CMGF-RB13 was isolated from the roots of infected strawberry plants, and based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, was identified as <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>. To our knowledge, this is the first study of strawberry root rot disease caused by <i>F. verticillioides</i> in China. The genome of this pathogenic fungal strain was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq II and PacBio RS III platforms, and genome assembly analysis revealed a total length of 43,257,301 bp with a GC content of 47.89%. Analysis of potential secondary metabolites indicated that <i>F. verticillioides</i> CMGF-RB13 have potential biosynthetic capacity of fumonisin B1, choline, fusaric acid, oxyjavanicin, and bikaverin, and these are putative genomic predictions based on biosynthetic gene clusters, rather than experimentally confirmed metabolites. The genome sequence was presented primarily as a genomic resource supporting the characterization of the strawberry-associated isolate. The genomic information may serve as a basis for future diagnostic and disease-management studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1958307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of microalgae reduces the incidence of bacterial wilt in flue-cured tobacco by altering soil properties and microbial community characteristics.","authors":"Feng Tian, Min Fan, Yihua Quan, Xinyu Hu, Xinyao Liu, Xiaomin Tang, Lei Yang, Zhenhua Wang, Qiang Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1931562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1931562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To elucidate the mechanisms by which microalgae reduce tobacco bacterial wilt incidence through modifying soil properties and microbial community structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flue-cured tobacco (K326) was used as the test plant. Three microalgal suspension treatments-T1 (14 mL·L^-1), T2 (28 mL·L^-1), and T3 (56 mL·L^-1)-and a water control (CK) were established. Tobacco yield, bacterial wilt incidence, and soil chemical properties were measured. Soil bacterial abundance and microbial diversity were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. Compared with CK, yield in T1, T2, and T3 increased by 12.2%, 17.2%, and 14.8%, respectively, while disease incidence at maturity decreased by 43.7%, 18.9%, and 71.9%, respectively; 2. Pathogen abundance at maturity in T1, T2, and T3 decreased by 74.1%, 90.7%, and 90.7%, respectively, relative to CK, and soil pathogen abundance was significantly positively correlated with disease indices; 3. Microalgae suppressed soil pathogen abundance and disease incidence by increasing soil pH and dissolved organic carbon while decreasing available potassium and available phosphorus; 4. Compared with CK, bacterial abundance at maturity in T1, T2, and T3 increased by 12%, 23%, and 33%, respectively, and biocontrol functional genera (e.g., Sphingomonas, Bacillus) were enriched; 5. Microalgae reshaped the bacterial co-occurrence network by enhancing its modularity, and this highly modular network structure significantly suppressed pathogen proliferation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Microalgae suppressed pathogens and reduced disease incidence by modulating soil chemical properties, increasing bacterial diversity, enriching biocontrol functional genera (e.g., Sphingomonas, Bacillus), and optimizing network topology. Under the experimental conditions, microalgae application at 28 mL·L^-1 achieved the best performance, with a yield increase of 17.2% and a pathogen abundance reduction of 90.7%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1931562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characteristics of multiple viruses in snow leopard fecal samples using viral metagenomics.","authors":"Yue Xue, Shiyu Cai, Li Ji, Likai Ji, Quan Shen, Xiaochun Wang, Ping Wu, Yuwei Liu, Yan Wang, Wen Zhang, Shixing Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1946718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1946718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metagenomic studies on the fecal virome of snow leopards, rare apex predators on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), remain limited. In this study, we utilized metagenomic sequencing to characterize the fecal viral community in captive QTP snow leopards. We assembled 22 complete viral genomes across the families Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Genomoviridae, and Smacoviridae. Phylogenetic analyses indicated substantial sequence novelty. We identified 9 anellovirus genomes in the genera <i>Tettorquevirus</i> and <i>Etatorquevirus</i>, 3 candidate novel parvoviruses in <i>Bocaparvovirus</i>, <i>Chaphamaparvovirus</i>, and <i>Dependoparvovirus</i>, 3 circovirus genomes representing 2 candidate novel species, and 1 candidate novel sakobuvirus species. Another kobuvirus genome represented a divergent strain of a known species. In addition, 4 divergent genomoviruses showed phylogenetic relationships with sequences reported from diverse animal and environmental sources. Notably, one candidate novel porprismacovirus (family Smacoviridae) displayed a marked discordance between its highly conserved replication-associated protein (96.7% amino acid identity), divergent capsid protein (maximum identity, 59.7%), and low whole-genome identity (63.6%). Recombination analysis suggested it might be a recombinant virus. In summary, this study expands current knowledge of the diversity and evolutionary characteristics of viruses detected in snow leopard fecal samples and provides baseline genomic data for future investigation of captive snow leopard viromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1946718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome resistotypes reflect chronological age and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> relative abundance.","authors":"Elizaveta V Starikova, Polina A Kuzmichenko, Dmitry E Fedorov, Andrey V Vvedensky, Alexander V Pavlenko, Anna L Arkhipova, Svetlana N Kovalchuk, Elena N Ilina","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1869983","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1869983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the human gut microbiota is critical for informing public health interventions and antibiotic stewardship strategies, taking into account sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors. Although metagenomics research has grown exponentially, few studies have described resistome dynamics over time. In this study, we investigated resistome profiles over a 5-year interval (between 2016-2017 and 2022) in adult residents of Arkhangelsk, Northwestern Russia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 5 years, we observed an increase in ARGs richness and abundance along with the prevalence changes in genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (<i>aph2, aph3, ant9</i>), lincosamides (<i>lnuC</i>), chloramphenicol (<i>cat, catA</i>), and macrolides (<i>ermG, ermB</i>). We have identified two resistotypes in our data that differed in the number of identified ARGs. The less frequent resistotype 2, characterized by a higher number of ARGs, was associated with higher participants' chronological age and increased <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> abundance. Approximately one-third of the participants have shifted from one resistotype to another within a 5-year period. Temporal changes in resistome profiles occurred unevenly among participants, with the greatest changes noted for 41-45 and 61-65 age groups. No associations were found between COVID-19 history and resistome composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We showed an increase in overall ARG richness, ARG abundance, and the prevalence of certain ARGs in microbiomes of adult residents of Arkhangelsk over a 5-year period. We have identified two resistotypes; the one with higher ARGs richness was linked to higher chronological age and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family relative abundance. These findings underscore the necessity for further antibiotic resistance surveillance to address the accelerating global dissemination of ARGs, while highlighting age as an underrecognized factor contributing to resistome dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1869983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative gut microbial and metabolic signatures associated with postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis in short-segment Hirschsprung disease.","authors":"Minzhong Zhang, Yiming Gong, Tian Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911505","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a major postoperative complication of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), but whether preoperative gut microbial and metabolic alterations are associated with its subsequent development remains unclear. This prospective cohort study investigated whether preoperative gut microbial and metabolic profiles are associated with postoperative HAEC in children with short-segment Hirschsprung disease (S-HSCR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-two children with S-HSCR were enrolled, and preoperative fecal samples were collected before pull-through surgery for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, and untargeted metabolomic profiling. Patients were followed for 3 years after surgery and classified according to the occurrence of postoperative HAEC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 27 patients developed postoperative HAEC. Compared with patients who remained HAEC-free, those who subsequently developed HAEC showed reduced microbial diversity, a lower Gut Microbiome Health Index, a higher Microbiome Dysbiosis Index, and distinct microbial community composition before surgery. Differential abundance analyses identified depletion of several anaerobic commensals and potential SCFA-producing taxa, together with enrichment of potentially pro-inflammatory taxa such as <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed reduced microbial interaction complexity and connectivity in the HAEC cohort. An exploratory random forest model based on preoperative microbial signatures achieved an area under the curve of 0.80 for predicting postoperative HAEC. Children who later developed HAEC also had significantly lower fecal levels of butyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFAs. Exploratory untargeted metabolomic analysis yielded preliminary signals across several metabolic pathways, including lysine-related metabolism.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Children with S-HSCR who subsequently develop postoperative HAEC already exhibit distinct preoperative microbial dysbiosis and metabolic alterations. These findings suggest that early-life disruption of the gut microbiota and host-microbe metabolic balance may contribute to HAEC susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1911505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}