Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Sea buckthorn seed oil triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in <i>Aspergillus niger</i> by activating the AGE-RAGE-like signaling pathway.","authors":"Yanhua Xin, Aiyu Qin, Jie Yang, Yixin Shen, Jing Li, Lanying Guo, Bin Liang, Jing Su","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1762938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1762938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal infections, in particular those caused by <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (<i>A. niger</i>), pose a severe threat to human health, and the situation has been getting worse because of increasing resistance against the frontline triazole antifungals. Sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L.) seed oil (SBT oil) exhibits potent antifungal activity against <i>A. niger</i>, principally by disrupting mitochondrial function. Its general mode of action is, nevertheless, unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and experimental validation to systematically investigate the antifungal mechanism of SBT oil against <i>A. niger</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology identified seven key bioactive compounds and 26 potential targets, with enrichment analysis highlighting the advanced glycation end-products (AGE)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) signaling pathway as a crucial mechanism. Subsequent transcriptomic and experimental validation in <i>A. niger</i> revealed that SBT oil disrupts a functionally analogous stress response pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Transcriptomics revealed 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), indicating widespread disruption of metabolic networks. Molecular docking and MD simulations confirmed the stable binding of key compounds to core targets, MAPK3 and BCL2. <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that SBT oil increases endogenous AGEs, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), elevated ROS and MDA levels, inhibited SDH and ATPase activities, and modulation of MAPK3 and METACASP expression within the AGE-RAGE-like pathway in <i>A. niger</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides strong evidence that SBT seed oil exerts its antifungal effects against <i>A. niger</i> primarily through amplification of AGE-RAGE-like signaling, offering a solid foundation for its development as a natural antifungal agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1762938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterotrophic bacterial bioleaching and sequestration of uranium from mineral resources: a review.","authors":"Tariq M Bhatti, Olli H Tuovinen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1803404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1803404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterotrophic bacterial leaching of uranium from rocks and ores and cellular sequestration are examined in this review. Heterotrophic microbial bioleaching solubilizes uranium by acidolysis and complexolysis and involves sequestration by organic acids, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), lipopolysaccharides, and siderophores produced by bacteria. Citric and oxalic acids are often the dominant organic acids, but spent growth media also contain mixtures of other < C6 carboxylic acids. The leach solution (lixiviant) is based on organic acids in spent media, and the mode of leaching is proton attack on uranium ore coupled with sequestration of uranyl ions ( <math> <msubsup><mrow><mtext>UO</mtext></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </math> ) by organic acids, thus preventing precipitation in the lixiviant. Many heterotrophs in different bacterial genera have been tested for uranium bioleaching and sequestration from mineral resources, and some notable examples include actinomycetes, <i>Bacillus</i> spp., and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. Commercial applications of heterotrophic bacterial bioleaching and biomass sorption of uranium have not emerged. Uranium sequestration in biomass constituents such as EPS and siderophores can represent a significant fraction of biomass sorption and make uranyl ions biologically unavailable to the cells. Precipitation with phosphates particularly immobilizes uranyl ions and can result in crystallized mineral phases. The biological reduction of U(VI) to solid-phase U(IV) is an immobilization technique to prevent uranium migration in aquifers and reduce environmental impact, potentially as part of remediation strategies such as permeable reactive barrier construction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1803404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental resistome of culturable gram-negative bacilli from the Yaque del Norte River: baseline genomic evidence for one health surveillance.","authors":"María F Chevalier-Alba, Dionis I Hoepelman, Larianna Pineda-Cabrera, Lázaro M Acosta-Rivera, Seudimar Blanco, Roberto Bonelly, Holly Rosario, María Gonzalez, Dairelys Guerrero, Irene Ortiz, Argeny Ovando, Claudia Reyes, Luis Enrique Rodríguez de Francisco, Rommel Ramos, Luis O Maroto-Martín, Edian F Franco","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1780969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1780969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant global public health threat. Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly recognized as critical reservoirs of resistance determinants within the One Health framework. Freshwater systems, in particular, facilitate the persistence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) at the human-animal-environment interface. This study characterized the environmental resistome of culturable Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the Yaque del Norte River, the largest river in the Dominican Republic. Water samples were collected along the river basin to assess physicochemical parameters and recover bacterial isolates. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and JspeciesWS. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses with CARD and the Galaxy staramr toolkit were performed to identify ARGs and plasmid replicons. Pathogenic potential was evaluated using PathogenFinder v1.1. Six bacterial strains were recovered: <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Klebsiella quasipneumoniae</i>, <i>Enterobacter mori</i>, <i>Acinetobacter pittii</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter schindleri</i>. A total of 112 ARGs were identified, with P. aeruginosa harboring the most extensive resistome, comprising 51 genes. ARG identification was based on sequence identity ≥ 90% and coverage ≥ 80% according to CARD and ResFinder criteria. Multidrug resistance-associated determinants were predominant, particularly efflux pump systems and transcriptional regulators. Additional resistance mechanisms included genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, bacitracin, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides. Plasmid replicons were detected exclusively in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. Both species carried IncFIB(K), and one isolate harbored IncY, a replicon rarely reported outside <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> serovar Typhi, suggesting potential interspecies dissemination. Phenotypic resistance was observed only in a single <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolate. Nevertheless, the presence of diverse ARGs in this environmentally impacted river underscores the potential for future emergence and spread of AMR. These findings provide baseline genomic evidence to support environmental AMR surveillance and highlight the need to strengthen antibiotic stewardship and One Health-oriented monitoring strategies in the Dominican Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1780969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sequential pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV10/PCV13/PCV10) on serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance in invasive and non-invasive <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> isolates in Serbian children.","authors":"Milos Jovicevic, Jovana Kabic, Dusan Kekic, Vesna Kovacevic-Jovanovic, Zorica Vasiljevic, Olivera Hadzi-Simovic, Aleksandra Vukicevic Lazic, Suzana Laban-Nestorovic, Tamara Djordjevic, Anita Sente Zigmanovic, Tatjana Stojsic, Aleksandar Ilic, Lazar Ranin, Ina Gajic, Natasa Opavski","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1801133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1801133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Serbia, mandatory PCV immunization was introduced in 2018, following a sequential PCV10/PCV13/PCV10 schedule. This study aimed to assess changes in pneumococcal serotype distribution, vaccine serotype coverage, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and clonal dissemination of pediatric invasive and non-invasive isolates before and after PCV introduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 626 clinical pneumococcal isolates from children were analyzed, including 251 invasive (IPD) and 375 non-invasive (NIPD) isolates. Serotyping was performed using PCR and Quellung reactions, antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed EUCAST guidelines, and invasive isolates were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Serotype invasiveness ratios were evaluated in pre- (2010-2017) and post-PCV (2018-2024) periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following PCV implementation, serotype coverage declined across all vaccines, most markedly for PCV10 (IPD: 67.7-35.6%; NIPD: 62.3-17.4%), with secondary reductions in PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 coverage largely driven by the loss of PCV10 serotypes. The proportion of non-PCV20 serotypes rose from 7.2 to 22.9% in IPD and from 12.3 to 41.6% in NIPD, with NVTs being significantly more frequent in NIPD post-PCV period. Antimicrobial non-susceptibility decreased after PCV introduction, including significant reductions in penicillin and macrolide resistance in both IPD and NIPD isolates. Resistance levels remained higher among non-invasive isolates compared with invasive isolates. Multidrug resistance declined from 39.8 to 25.4% in IPD and from 61.0 to 29.5% in NIPD. MLST analysis showed broad clonal diversity, with ST473 and ST8144 predominating pre-PCV and ST1377 and ST320 post-PCV, together with the emergence of non-vaccine lineages and serotype switch in ST320 from 19F to 19A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mandatory PCV immunization in Serbia has led to substantial shifts in pneumococcal serotype distribution, resembling patterns observed in countries relying predominantly on PCV10. Also, a reduction in antimicrobial resistance and an increase in genetic diversity were observed, highlighting ongoing serotype replacement and the need for continued integrated surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1801133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial community variations in human salivary samples with different body mass index for forensic research: a pilot study.","authors":"Jingyan Ji, Shunyi Tian, Han Zhang, Meiqing Yang, Zhengyang Song, Qian Zhang, Xiaoye Jin, Jiang Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1783246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1783246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body mass index (BMI) is a crucial phenotypic feature with significant application value in forensic investigations; however, inferring BMI from forensic-related biological samples such as saliva remains challenging. In this study, saliva samples were collected and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize microbial community composition, and BMI-associated microbial markers were screened using linear discriminant analysis effect size and the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test. A random forest model was subsequently constructed to infer BMI categories based on the selected microbial markers. The results showed that twenty-two microbial taxa, including the genera Neisseria, Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Achromobacter, exhibited significantly different abundance distributions among BMI groups and could serve as BMI-associated microbial indicators. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated a clear separation between normal-weight and overweight groups, and the random forest model accurately inferred BMI categories for most samples. These findings indicate that saliva-associated microbial markers have potential as valuable indicators for BMI inference, providing a promising tool for forensic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1783246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative abundance of heavy metal resistance genes of three drinking water treatment plants unveiled through shotgun metagenomics.","authors":"Memory Tekere, Chimdi Mang Kalu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1822428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1822428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The occurrence and abundance of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and the stages at which they occur are a global challenge due to the risk of consuming contaminated water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study identified HMRGs associated with raw water sources, treatment stages (disinfection and filtration), final treated water, and produced sludge in three DWTPs across three provinces (Gauteng, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga) in South Africa, using a shotgun metagenomic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, five classes of heavy metals (copper, arsenic, mercury, chromate, silver) and 50 resistance genes were identified across the three DWTPs. Most of the genes were obtained from the disinfection stages of the DWTPs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This genomic dataset provides valuable information on the impact of disinfection stages on the relative abundance of HMRGs in drinking water treatment processes. Additionally, the transfer of genes into the final treated water consumed by the populace is a significant human health concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1822428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous-to-rodlet structural transition governs the interfacial functions of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> hydrophobin RolA.","authors":"Daiki Ida, Nao Takahashi, Yuki Terauchi, Takumi Tanaka, Akira Yoshimi, Hirotaka Kobayashi, Ken Miyazawa, Masaya Mitsuishi, Hiroshi Yabu, Keietsu Abe","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1807699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1807699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrophobins are low-molecular-weight biosurfactant proteins that coat the cell surface of filamentous fungi, making the surface hydrophobic and supporting morphogenesis. On conidia, hydrophobins self-assemble to form rod-shaped multimeric structures known as rodlets. Previously, we reported that hydrophobin RolA from the industrial fungus <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> first forms an amorphous film at the air-water interface and then undergoes structural rearrangement to form a densely packed rodlet film. This raised the question of whether the amorphous film or the rodlet film is more important for the biological functions of RolA. In this study, to investigate the properties of amorphous films in comparison with those of rodlet films, we created RolA mutants with reduced hydrophobicity in the hydrophobic loop regions by substituting L137, L142, or both with the polar serine residues, thereby suppressing rodlet formation driven by hydrophobic interactions. Rodlet formation was suppressed in the mutants and was abolished in one of them. The amorphous state of RolA in the mutants enabled direct comparison of the properties of amorphous and rodlet film. We found that the rodlet film was more rigid than the amorphous film and had stronger surface activity and a greater capacity to change surface wettability. RolA altered the properties of <i>A. oryzae</i> conidia only when it was in the rodlet state. These findings highlight the functional versatility of RolA and show that its dynamic structural transitions directly modulate its function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1807699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comparative analysis of ducks liver gene expressions infected with virulent or attenuated DHAV-3 reveals divergent host responses to viruses of different virulence.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1853750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1853750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1740464.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1853750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Unravelling the wildlife gut microbiome: the crucial role of gut microbiomes in wildlife conservation strategies.","authors":"Houqiang Luo, Zhangzhou Shen, Yongli Jian, Meng Wang, Shuai Luo, Juan Wang, Li Nan, Li Tang, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, Franck Carbonero","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1838495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1838495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1838495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota-immune crosstalk in the regulation of intestinal motility in constipation.","authors":"Zhengchao Pan, Tao Zhang, Zhetan Ren, Hongkun Zhang, Jing Wang, Yongxun Ma, Ru Man, Jirun Peng, Yongduo Yu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2026.1828926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1828926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Traditional studies have primarily explained its development in terms of reduced intestinal motility or impaired defecatory coordination; however, these mechanisms alone cannot fully account for the multifactorial pathological processes underlying the condition. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the roles of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and alterations in immune homeostasis in the development of constipation. The gut microbiota continuously interacts with the intestinal immune system through its structural components, metabolic products, and secreted molecules. These interactions modulate the mucosal immune microenvironment and participate in the regulation of intestinal motility by influencing the enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle function. Conversely, the immune system can reshape the composition and spatial distribution of the gut microbiota through mechanisms such as the mucosal barrier, immunoglobulin A, and antimicrobial peptides, thereby forming a bidirectional regulatory network. Accumulating evidence suggests that during the onset and progression of constipation, microbial dysbiosis, shifts in immune homeostasis, and abnormalities in intestinal motility may evolve through a progressively amplifying dynamic process, ultimately establishing a self-sustaining chronic cycle. In addition, microbiota-targeted interventions-including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation-have demonstrated potential benefits in improving stool frequency and stool consistency in several clinical studies. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying these effects remain relatively underexplored. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota-immune interactions regulate intestinal motility. By integrating current evidence on disease progression and clinical studies, we propose a conceptual model of the \"microbiota-immune-motility regulatory axis,\" aiming to provide a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of constipation and for optimizing microbiota-based therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1828926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147836010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}