Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Causality investigation among gut microbiota, immune cells, and prostate diseases: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Shao-Yu Yue, Wei-Yi Li, Shun Xu, Xiao-Xin Bai, Wen-Long Xu, Xu Wang, He-Kang Ding, Jia Chen, He-Xi Du, Ling-Fan Xu, Di Niu, Chao-Zhao Liang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1445304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1445304","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe gut microbiota has been demonstrated to have a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of a variety of diseases, including prostate cancer, prostatitis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Potential links between prostate diseases, immune cells and the gut microbiota have not been adequately investigated.MethodsMR studies were conducted to estimate the effects of instrumental variables obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 196 gut microbial taxa and 731 immune cells on the risk of prostate diseases. The primary method for analysing causal relationships was inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis, and the MR results were validated through various sensitivity analyses.ResultsMR analysis revealed that 28 gut microbiome taxa and 75 immune cell types were significantly associated with prostate diseases. Furthermore, reverse MR analysis did not support a causal relationship between prostate diseases and the intestinal microbiota or immune cells. Finally, the results of the mediation analysis indicated that Secreting Treg % CD4 Treg, Activated &amp;amp; resting Treg % CD4 Treg, and Mo MDSC AC inhibited the role of the class Mollicutes in reducing the risk of PCa. In prostatitis, CD8+ T cells on EM CD8br hinder the increased risk associated with the genus <jats:italic>Eubacterium nodatum</jats:italic> group. Interestingly, in BPH, CD28- CD25++CD8br AC and CD16-CD56 on HLA DR+ NK promoted the role of the genus Dorea in reducing the risk of BPH.ConclusionThis study highlights the complex relationships among the gut microbiota, immune cells and prostate diseases. The involvement of the gut microbiota in regulating immune cells to impact prostate diseases could provide novel methods and concepts for its therapy and management.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling superior phenol detoxification and degradation ability in Candida tropicalis SHC-03: a comparative study with Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742","authors":"Qian Li, Yulei Chen, Hao Tang, Bochao Shu, Zhengyue Zhang, Jiaye Tang, Dang Li, Linjia Jiang, Jiwei Shen, Yaojun Yang, Hanyu Wang, Menggen Ma","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442235","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the phenol degradation capabilities and oxidative stress responses of <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis</jats:italic> SHC-03, demonstrating its metabolic superiority and resilience compared to <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</jats:italic> BY4742 in a culture medium with phenol as the sole carbon source. Through comparative growth, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses under different phenol concentrations, this study revealed <jats:italic>C. tropicalis</jats:italic> SHC-03’s specialized adaptations for thriving in phenol as the sole carbon source environments. These include a strategic shift from carbohydrate metabolism to enhanced phenol degradation pathways, highlighted by the significant upregulation of genes for Phenol 2-monoxygenase and Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Despite phenol levels reaching 1.8 g/L, <jats:italic>C. tropicalis</jats:italic> exhibits a robust oxidative stress response, efficiently managing ROS through antioxidative pathways and the upregulation of genes for peroxisomal proteins like <jats:italic>PEX2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PEX13</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PMP34</jats:italic>. Concurrently, there was significant upregulation of genes associated with membrane components and transmembrane transporters, enhancing the cell’s capacity for substance exchange and signal transduction. Especially, when the phenol concentration was 1.6 g/L and 1.8 g/L, the degradation rates of <jats:italic>C. tropicalis</jats:italic> towards it were 99.47 and 95.91%, respectively. Conversely, <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> BY4742 shows limited metabolic response, with pronounced growth inhibition and lack of phenol degradation. Therefore, our study not only sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning phenol tolerance and degradation in <jats:italic>C. tropicalis</jats:italic> but also positions this yeast as a promising candidate for environmental and industrial processes aimed at mitigating phenol pollution.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo synergistic inhibition of Malassezia furfur targeting cell membranes by Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Coptidis Rhizoma extracts","authors":"Li Li, Yuanyuan He, Qinghui Zou, Weiwei Chen, Yanxia Liu, Huifen He, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456240","url":null,"abstract":"Background<jats:italic>Malassezia furfur (M. furfur)</jats:italic> is a prevalent dermatophyte that significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antifungal effects of combined extracts from <jats:italic>Rosa rugosa Thunb</jats:italic>. (MG) and <jats:italic>Coptidis Rhizoma</jats:italic> (HL) against <jats:italic>M. furfur</jats:italic>, both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the major active compounds present in MG and HL. The antifungal activity of the combined Meilian extract (ML) was assessed using the checkerboard method and time-kill curves. Microstructural alterations in the fungi were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the extracts on the fungal cell membrane was investigated through propidium iodide staining, protein concentration assays, and ergosterol quantification. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the extracts. Furthermore, the synergistic antifungal effects of ML were evaluated in a mouse model of seborrheic dermatitis induced by <jats:italic>M. furfur</jats:italic>.ResultsThe study demonstrated that the combined application of MG and HL significantly affected the integrity of the <jats:italic>M. furfur</jats:italic> cell membrane and potentially modulated its formation processes. In the <jats:italic>M. furfur</jats:italic>-induced seborrheic dermatitis model, ML exhibited synergistic antifungal effects and effectively alleviated skin inflammation. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the antifungal mechanisms of ML and its potential application in dermatological therapy.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial strategies for lead remediation in agricultural soils and wastewater: mechanisms, applications, and future directions","authors":"Muhammad Adil, Isma Gul, Fenglin Lv, Tingting Li, Yi Chen, Heli Lu, Muhammad Irfan Ahamad, Siqi Lu, Wanfu Feng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1434921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1434921","url":null,"abstract":"High lead (Pb) levels in agricultural soil and wastewater threaten ecosystems and organism health. Microbial remediation is a cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional physical or chemical methods for Pb remediation. Previous research indicates that micro-organisms employ various strategies to combat Pb pollution, including biosorption, bioprecipitation, biomineralization, and bioaccumulation. This study delves into recent advancements in Pb-remediation techniques utilizing bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, elucidating their detoxification pathways and the factors that influence Pb removal through specific case studies. It investigates how bacteria immobilize Pb by generating nanoparticles that convert dissolved lead (Pb-II) into less harmful forms to mitigate its adverse impacts. Furthermore, the current review explores the molecular-level mechanisms and genetic engineering techniques through which microbes develop resistance to Pb. We outline the challenges and potential avenues for research in microbial remediation of Pb-polluted habitats, exploring the interplay between Pb and micro-organisms and their potential in Pb removal.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar regulates the functions of keystone taxa to reduce p-coumaric acid accumulation in soil","authors":"Xuanquan Zhu, Meng Jia, Dingchun Zi, Peng Zhou, Yu Du, Na Wang, Huijuan Dai, Ge Wang, Yuxiang Bai","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1458185","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionApplying biochar (BC) to reduce toxic substance accumulation in soil, either through direct adsorption or modulation of the microbial community, has received considerable attention. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding how BC regulates microbial community structure and functions to mitigate toxic substance accumulation.MethodsWe previously identified p-coumaric acid (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA) as a representative autotoxin in tobacco rhizosphere soil. On this basis, this study simulated a soil environment with <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA accumulation to investigate the impacts of BC on <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure and function.ResultsThe results showed that <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA could be directly adsorbed onto BC, which followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.996). A pot experiment revealed that BC significantly reduced soil <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA, altered soil microbial composition, and enhanced bacterial community diversity. A weighted correlation network analysis showed a close association between taxon 1 in the microbial network and <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA, suggesting a pivotal role for this taxon in reducing <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA, with Devosia and Nocardioides identified as potential key contributors to this process. The prediction of possible keystone taxa functions showed that BC increased the relative abundances of aromatic compound degraders. Mantel tests indicated that soil organic matter exerted the greatest influence on keystone taxa functions and hub genera.DiscussionThese findings suggest that BC may either directly chemisorb <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA or indirectly facilitate <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-CA degradation by regulating the functioning of keystone taxa. The results of this study provide a novel perspective for further investigation of the mechanisms through which BC reduces the accumulation of toxic substances in soil.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of wheat germ diet on intestinal antioxidant capacity, immunological function and gut microbiota of Sichuan white geese","authors":"Xin Wang, Dongmei Jiang, Xiaoguang An, Shuo Li, Yuxin Qi, Yujie Yang, Zelong Wang, Qian Sun, Weikang Ling, Chengweng Ji, Yuxuan Qi, Hengyong Xu, Chunchun Han, Hua Zhao, Bo Kang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1435454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1435454","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundWheat germ is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and disease resistance properties in animals. However, its effect on the gut of Sichuan white geese remains unclear.MethodIn this study, thirty 250-day-old geese were divided into three equal groups, the control group, LWG group (21.8% wheat germ) and HWG group (43.6% wheat germ), the experiment lasted 12 weeks. We assessed various aspects of geese intestinal health, including barrier function, digestibility, antioxidant capacity, immunity, microbiota, and metabolism.ResultsThe study revealed a significant increase in villus height (VH), villus height-to-crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio, amylase, and lipase activities in the duodenum and ileum, increased putrescine levels in the duodenum and jejunum, as well as spermidine levels in the jejunum (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). LWG increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the duodenum, while decreasing levels of intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, LWG increased the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Oscillospiraceae_unclassified</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ligilactobacillus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Roseburia</jats:italic>, as well as increased levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, while decreasing the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Subdoligranulum</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Flavonifractor</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Klebsiella</jats:italic>. Additionally, we observed 17 up-regulated genes and 25 down-regulated genes in the jejunum, which are associated with the cell cycle and immunity. These genes play roles in pathways such as the p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle regulation, and pathways associated with immune modulation. On the other hand, HWG increased intestinal VH and spermidine levels, as well as amylase and lipase activities in the duodenum (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). It also elevated ileal T-AOC and sIgA levels (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), while reducing intestinal MDA content, serum LPS levels, DAO activity, and propionic acid in cecum contents (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, HWG increased the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Ligilactobacillus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oscillospiraceae_unclassified</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Roseburia</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).ConclusionOverall, wheat germ diets, particularly the LWG diet demonstrated the ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immunity, and barrier properties of the intestinal tract, while modulating the gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, wheat germ diets hold promise in improving intestinal health by preserving barrier function and regulating flora structure.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of ferroptosis and the relationship between ferroptosis and ER stress after JEV and HSV infection","authors":"Rui Zhou, Kexin Wei, Xinyu Li, Beibei Yan, Lin Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415417","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death, which is different from apoptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy in morphology and biochemistry. Ferroptosis is characterized by condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, vanished of mitochondria crista and outer membrane rupture in morphology, and the accumulation of intracellular iron, lipid peroxidation (LPO), decrease of GSH and inhibition of GPX4 in biochemistry. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) are both common neurotropic viruses that can cause neurological disorders, such as severe encephalitis. JEV and HSV have been demonstrated to be able to induce ferroptosis. This process is closely related to the inhibition of the GSH-GPX4 system, ACSL4 phosphorylation, and Nrf2 ubiquitination. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which JEV and HSV induced ferroptosis in the current study. In addition, we found a strong relationship between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ferroptosis, and we therefore speculated that sustained ER stress might be a prerequisite for ferroptosis in JEV and HSV-induced diseases.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete genome sequence and anti-obesity potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HOM2217 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-fed rats","authors":"Tingting Wang, Xiao Zhang, Linlin Fan, Ying Zhao, Zhengwen Zhang, Zhonghua Cao, Ying Xu, Suwon Lee, Chongyoon Lim, Shiqi Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1436378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1436378","url":null,"abstract":"The global prevalence of obesity is rising year by year, which has become a public health problem worldwide. Many animal and clinical studies have shown that <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</jats:italic> is considered an ideal probiotic and potential supplement for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we aimed to complete the genome sequence of <jats:italic>L. plantarum</jats:italic> HOM2217, which was isolated from human milk, and study its physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 cells and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to determine its potential as a starter for functional food products. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that HOM2217 contained a single circular chromosome of 3,267,529 bp with a GC content of 44.5% and one plasmid (62,350 bp) with a GC content of 38.5%. Compared to the reference strains, HOM2217 demonstrated superior tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, higher adhesion to intestinal epithelial cell lines, potent antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae</jats:italic> ATCC 13047, and effective cholesterol removal ability <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>. Treatment with heat-killed HOM2217 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily treatment of HFD-fed rats with HOM2217 for 7 weeks decreased body weight, body weight gain, and body fat without changes in food intake. HOM2217 also significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (formic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid) levels in the cecum. Thus, HOM2217 could potentially prevent obesity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating lipid metabolism and SCFAs expression. Therefore, HOM2217 has potential as an alternative treatment for obesity.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecium from non-clinical settings: antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and clonal population in livestock and the urban environment","authors":"Jéssica Lopes, Hermínia de Lencastre, Teresa Conceição","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466990","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionEnterococci are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals that evolved into opportunistic pathogens with high antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Multidrug-resistant &lt;jats:italic&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. For this reason, the characterization of non-clinical reservoirs of Enterococci and their epidemiological link to resistant hospital isolates is crucial for controlling their spread.MethodsA total of 295 samples collected from livestock (pigs and cows, &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 135) and environment (public buses, passengers hands, and urban environments, &lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 160) were screened for &lt;jats:italic&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; spp. &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt; antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence potential, and clonal population were further characterized.ResultsEnterococci were detected in 90.5% (&lt;jats:italic&gt;n&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 267) of the samples, with a higher prevalence in livestock (100%) than the environment (82.5%, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;lt; 0.0001), but none of the isolates exhibited vancomycin resistance. &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecalis&lt;/jats:italic&gt; was the most prevalent species (51.7%), predominantly found in livestock (62.2%), while &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt; was more common in the environment. Of the 59 &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt; isolates, 78% showed resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes and contained associated resistance genes, namely tetracyclines (&lt;jats:italic&gt;tetM&lt;/jats:italic&gt; and &lt;jats:italic&gt;tetL&lt;/jats:italic&gt;), beta-lactams (mutations in &lt;jats:italic&gt;pbp5&lt;/jats:italic&gt;), and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides (&lt;jats:italic&gt;ant(6)-Ia&lt;/jats:italic&gt; and &lt;jats:italic&gt;aac(6′)-aph(2″)&lt;/jats:italic&gt;). A wide array of virulence factors was detected among &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt;, associated with adherence, biofilm formation, and adaptation to host response, while hospital-associated virulence markers, such as IS16, were less frequent, probably due to the non-clinical nature of the isolates. Clonal population analysis revealed a diverse &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt; population. Although no direct epidemiological link could be traced between our isolates and specific clinical isolates, infection-associated genetic backgrounds were identified in non-clinical isolates: one isolate from pigs belonged to CC17 (ST32), while four isolates belonged to CC94, including one recovered from pigs (ST296), one from cows (ST2206), one from the urban environment (ST1205), and other from buses (ST800).DiscussionThis study underscores a high prevalence of clinically relevant &lt;jats:italic&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/jats:italic&gt; species among healthy livestock and the environment. Despite the absence of vancomycin resistance and limited hospital infection-associated clonal lineages, the presence of &lt;jats:italic&gt;E. faecium&lt;/jats:italic&gt; with significant virulence potential and re","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the hidden link between oral flora and colorectal cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis and meta-analysis","authors":"Zexin Zhang, Wenfeng Wu, Zhikai Xiahou, Yafeng Song","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1451160","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe impact of oral flora on intestinal micro-environment and related diseases has been widely reported, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive.MethodsA Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between oral flora and CRC, with the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) serving as the primary method for evaluating this causal relationship. Data on the oral flora were derived from human samples from the tongue and saliva, with all cohort populations originating from Asia. In addition, 2 independent external cohorts were used to validate the positive results and perform a meta-analysis of the final results. Lastly, to balance the effect of positive oral flora on CRC, a Multivariate Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) analysis was also performed.ResultsThe TSMR analysis revealed that 17 oral flora may have a causal relationship with CRC in the training cohort. Among them, <jats:italic>s Haemophilus, g Fusobacterium, s Metamycoplasma salivarium,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>s Mogibacterium pumilum</jats:italic> were validated in two testing cohorts. Intriguingly, after integrating the results of the 3 cohorts for meta-analysis, 16 associations remained significant. In the training cohort, MVMR analysis demonstrated that <jats:italic>s Capnocytophaga ochracea</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>s Metamycoplasma salivarium</jats:italic> retained statistical significance. In one of the testing cohorts, <jats:italic>s Metamycoplasma salivarium, s Streptococcus anginosus,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>s Streptococcus sanguinis</jats:italic> retained statistical significance. In the other testing cohort, <jats:italic>s Metamycoplasma salivarium, s Haemophilus,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>g Fusobacterium</jats:italic> remained significant.Conclusion<jats:italic>s Haemophilus, g Fusobacterium, s Metamycoplasma salivarium, and s Mogibacterium pumilum</jats:italic> have a solid causal relationship with the occurrence and development of CRC.","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}