Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Skin microbiomes of frogs vary among body regions, revealing differences that reflect known patterns of chytrid infection.","authors":"Sonia L Ghose, Jonathan A Eisen","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1579231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1579231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The amphibian skin microbiome is an important line of defense against pathogens including the deadly chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd is known to preferentially infect ventral skin surfaces and feet of host amphibians, often leaving dorsal surfaces like the back uninfected. Within-individual variation in infection distribution across the skin, therefore, may relate to differences in microbiomes among skin regions. However, microbiome heterogeneity within amphibian individuals remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare microbiomes of 10 body regions from nine captive Rana sierrae individuals and their tank environments. These individuals were naive to Bd, allowing us to assess whether microbiomes differed among body regions prior to any impacts that may be caused by infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that frog skin and tank environments harbored distinct microbial communities. On frog skin, the bacterial families Burkholderiaceae (phylum Proteobacteria) and Rubritaleaceae (phylum Verrucomicrobia) were dominant, driven in large part by relative abundances of undescribed members of these families that were significantly higher on frogs than in their environment. Within individuals, we detected differences between microbiomes of body regions where Bd infection would be expected compared to regions that infrequently experience infection. Notably, putative Bd-inhibitory relative abundance was significantly higher on body regions where Bd infection is often localized.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that microbiomes in certain skin regions may be predisposed for interactions with Bd. Further, our results highlight the importance of considering intraindividual heterogeneities, which could provide insights relevant to predicting localized interactions with pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1579231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced murine double minute-2 methylation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with enhanced oxidative stress in hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jing-Wen Wang, Han-Xu Zhu, Feng Zhang, He Wang, Yu-Chen Fan, Li-Yan Han, Kai Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1590492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1590492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocarcinogenesis (HBV-related HCC) involves a variety of causes including oncogene hypomethylation, oxidative stress and HBV itself. Oxidative stress induces an alternation in the DNA methylation status. We aimed to study the relationship between oxidative stress and murine double minute-2 (MDM2) methylation status in HBV-related HCC patients and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 135 patients with HBV-related HCC and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The MDM2 methylation status was detected by methylation-specific PCR. The expression of MDM2 mRNA was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-six patients with HBV-related HCC and 11 HCs were selected and the serum metabolism was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with HCs, the MDM2 promoter methylation frequency was significantly decreased in HBV-related HCC. The MDA levels were increased, whereas the GSH, SOD, NRF2, HO-1, and GPX4 levels were decreased in the HBV-related HCC patients relative to HCs. There were 216 differential metabolites between HBV-related HCC and HCs in plasma, which belongs to amino acids, bile acids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and other compounds. The cysteine and methionine metabolism were the most significant metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites between MDM2 methylated group and MDM2 unmethylated group in HBV-related HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggested that oxidative stress may cause MDM2 hypomethylation, in which cysteine and methionine pathway might play an important role in.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1590492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and bioinformatics analysis of cilia-associated gene families in <i>Euplotes amieti</i> (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia).","authors":"Liheng Shen, Xiaobing Xiong, Zixiang Xu, Yingli Liu, Yan Sheng, Xin Sheng","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1486189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1486189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ciliates serve as pivotal model organisms for investigating the protein composition and regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular processes. This study systematically explores the structural and functional characteristics of cilia-associated genes in <i>Euplotes amieti</i>, aiming to elucidate their roles in ciliogenesis and cilia-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The macronuclear genome of <i>E. amieti</i> was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Cilia-associated genes were identified via BLASTP analysis against homologs in hypotrich ciliates (<i>Euplotes octocarinatus</i>, <i>Stylonychia lemnae</i>, and <i>Oxytricha trifallax</i>). Functional annotations, including Non-Redundant (NR) classification, Pfam domain prediction, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, were performed. Pathway enrichment analysis identified associated metabolic and signaling pathways. Experimental validation included quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) of cilia-related gene families, RNA interference (RNAi) targeting ARL2BP and DYNLRB2, and immunofluorescence staining to assess microtubule arrangement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 418 cilia-associated genes were identified, with 44 conserved across the four hypotrich ciliate species. Functional categorization revealed kinases, dyneins, tubulins, and autophagy-related proteins. Pfam annotations predicted three conserved domains. GO terms were enriched in tubulin binding, cilia assembly, and microtubule-based movement. Pathway analysis implicated these genes in adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, Wnt, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. QPCR showed significant downregulation of cilia-related proteins during mitosis. RNAi of ARL2BP and DYNLRB2 increased mortality, reduced motility, and disrupted cortical microtubule organization via immunofluorescence. Thirty-nine hub genes were strongly linked to ciliopathies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Cilia-associated genes in <i>E. amieti</i> are integral to DNA replication, energy metabolism, intercellular communication, and morphogenesis. The conserved hub genes associated with ciliopathies suggest evolutionary preservation of ciliogenesis regulation. ARL2BP and DYNLRB2 are functional important in ciliary dynamics and structural integrity. This study provides crucial insights into the roles of cilia-associated genes in ciliates, advancing understanding of ciliogenesis mechanisms and their implications for ciliopathy research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1486189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into phosphorus transformation mediated by <i>Arthrobacter</i> and <i>Sordariomycetes</i> under long-term high-volume swine manure application in a wheat-rice rotation system.","authors":"Chunlong Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Xiaoyan Tang, Bin Zhang, Dejun Liu, Zepeng Yang, Rong Huang, Yingjie Wu, Qi Tao, Youlin Luo, Changquan Wang, Bing Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1540267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding the impacts of sustained high-input swine manure on soil phosphorus (P), along with identifying and functionally characterizing P-associated microorganisms, can provide a scientific foundation for effective management of soil P in relation to swine manure application. This study provides novel insights into the functional roles of P-associated microorganisms in mediating phosphorus dynamics under long-term excessive swine manure application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study investigated the prolonged impact of high-volume swine manure application on soil P fractions over an 8-year continuous, randomized field trial involving rotating wheat (wet conditions) and rice (flooded conditions) crops. And the soil treated with the prolonged high- volume swine manure application was selected to isolate and identify specific microorganisms, which were subsequently inoculated into soil previously treated with long-term NPK fertilizer (F) and swine manure application (M) for indoor cultivation and functional characterization verification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sustained high input of swine manure markedly enhanced soil P activity and microbial P content (<i>P</i> < 0.05), specifically extracting P-associated microorganisms, namely <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. M4 bacteria and <i>Sordariomycetes 2 MS-M4</i> fungi. Upon separate inoculation of these microorganisms into high-Carbon (C) and high-P soils (M soil, Olsen P > 70 mg kg^-1, ROC > 150 mg kg^-1), it was observed that both microorganisms effectively converted available P sources (Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P) into organic P reserves through biological immobilization. Conversely, under conditions of low C and low P (F soil, Olsen P < 10 mg kg^-1, ROC < 75 mg kg^-1), there was an enhancement in the decomposition and utilization of soil organic C which resulted in increased effective P content via the breakdown of organic phosphates-demonstrating a robust capacity for P transformation. Furthermore, when these phosphate-related microorganisms were introduced to long-term fertilized soils enriched with NPK fertilizer (F), they exhibited a significantly greater enhancement in soil P availability compared to those inoculated into soils subjected to prolonged high inputs of swine manure.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The P-related microorganisms <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. M4 and <i>Sordariomycetes 2 MS-M4</i> extracted from soils with high P availability were confirmed to have the key functions of enhancing the fixation of inorganic P into organic P (high-C and high-P condition) or promoting the activation of organic P into rapidly available P (low C and low P level). Which may plays an important role in the management of agricultural P nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening, molecular identification, and evaluation the effects of indigenous Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on growth indices and nutrient uptake of chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i>) under saline conditions.","authors":"Seyed Hassan Tafaroji, Seyed Ali Abtahi, Mojtaba Jafarinia, Mehdi Ebadi","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1551310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1551310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salinity is a major issue affecting agricultural lands, leading to reduced crop productivity and soil degradation. One approach to mitigate the effects of salinity is utilizing PGPR. This study aimed to isolate and identify indigenous PGPR from rhizosphere soil and evaluate their effects on the growth indices of chamomile under saline conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five rhizosphere soil samples were collected from agricultural fields in Beyram, Iran. The PGPR were isolated and identified using standard phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular assays. Plant growth-promoting traits were applied for PGPR strain screening. The effects of selected PGPR strains on the growth indices and nutrient uptake of chamomile under saline conditions were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>A total of 181 bacterial isolates were identified from the 45 soil samples, belonging to eight genera and 13 species. Seven species, including <i>B. cereus, P. fluorescens, P. syringae, A. radiotolerans, P. phenanthrenivorans, P. alcaliphila</i>, and <i>L. macroides</i>, possessing all five growth-promoting characteristics, were selected for further experiments. PGPR treatments significantly improved chamomile's growth, biochemical parameters, and nutrient uptake under different salinity levels. The P1 treatment at 2 dS.m^-1 salinity had the highest root (16.75 cm) and shoot length (32.91 cm), along with dry root (0.089 g) and shoot weight (1.67 g). Biochemical improvements included higher chlorophyll and essential oil content with P2 at 2 dS.m^-1. Increased salinity decreased overall plant growth and nutrient uptake. The indigenous PGPR strains showed promising potential to enhance chamomile growth and nutrient status under salt stress, offering a sustainable strategy for improving crop productivity in saline-affected regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1551310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary <i>ε</i>-polylysine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbiota in growing male minks.","authors":"Nianxue Wang, Heliang Wang, Xiaowen Zhang, Lianwen Zhao, Wenli Li, Beibei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1569620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1569620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the effects of dietary <i>ε</i>-polylysine (ε-PL) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal microbiota in growing male minks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six 12-week-old male minks were randomly divided into 6 treatments (8 replicates per treatment and 2 minks per replicate). Minks were fed basal diets supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL for 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control, 300-500 mg/kg ε-PL significantly increased the average daily gain (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and significantly decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05) during the whole period and significantly enhanced the body weight at week 8 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 300-400 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased the fresh pelt weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control, 300 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased serum T-SOD activity and jejunal mucosal T-SOD and GSH-Px activities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to the control, 200-400 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased serum IgA level (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 300-400 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased serum IgM level (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 400-500 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased serum IgG level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control, 200-400 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased jejunal mucosal IgA level (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 100 mg/kg ε-PL significantly increased jejunal mucosal IgM level (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 100-400 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased jejunal mucosal IgG level (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control group, all ε-PL supplemented groups significantly decreased serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that compared to the control, 300 mg/kg <i>ε</i>-PL significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> in ileal mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> was negatively correlated with the growth performance. The relative abundance of <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</i> was positively correlated with the jejunal mucosal antioxidant indicators and immunoglobulin levels.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, dietary <i>ε</i>-PL supplementation can improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbial community in growing male minks, and the optimal dosage of <i>ε</i>-PL is 300 mg/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1569620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous extracts of <i>Elsholtzia ciliata</i> and <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> ameliorate loperamide-induced constipation in mice by promoting intestinal peristalsis and barrier function and the abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria.","authors":"Junnan Wu, Qilei Xin, Shuo Wang, Xu Zhang, Chunping Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1531232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aims of the present study were to determine the efficacy of edible traditional Chinese medicines (ETCMs) in treating constipation, verify their laxative effects, and conduct preliminary investigations into their mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ICR mice were treated with loperamide to induce constipation, and various fecal parameters, including fecal volume, water content, and intestinal transport function, were measured in these constipation model mice to screen for ETCMs with laxative properties. The mechanism of action was preliminarily explored by examining changes in the intestinal mucosal structure, protein expression levels, and alterations in intestinal flora composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In ICR mice with loperamide-induced constipation, <i>Elsholtzia ciliata</i> aqueous extract (ECAE) and <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> aqueous extract (HDAE) significantly ameliorated constipation symptoms, mitigated colonic pathological tissue damage, significantly increased the expression levels of proteins associated with the promotion of intestinal peristalsis [Stem Cell Factor Receptor (c-Kit) and Stem Cell Factor (SCF)] and the maintenance of the intestinal barrier [Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-l), Occludin and Claudin-l], and promoted beneficial intestinal bacterial colonization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ECAE and HDAE ameliorated constipation in mice, and their mechanism of action may be related to the increased abundance of intestinal bacteria such as <i>Turicibacter, Olsenella</i>, and <i>Odoribacter</i>, which contribute to higher butyrate production. This increase in butyric acid reduces inflammation, improves intestinal barrier function, and increases the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1531232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microecological mechanisms of mountainous forest cultivated ginseng growth vigor and saponin accumulation, and the characterization of bionic microbial fertilizer.","authors":"Fengyu Pang, Yugang Gao, Zhenqi Zhuang, Changju Li, Yan Zhao, Qun Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1548481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1548481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A study on the soil microecological mechanisms influencing the growth vigor and saponin accumulation of mountainous forest cultivated ginseng (MFCG) under various forest types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using MFCG from different forest types as experimental material, the correlation and functional analysis of MFCG growth vigor, ginseng saponin content, and soil nutrient elements in their rhizosphere were conducted to clarify the soil microecological mechanisms by which different forest types affect the growth vigor and saponin accumulation of understory ginseng. Based on these microecological mechanisms, a bionic microbial fertilizer was developed and characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The agronomic traits and saponin content (Re, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3) of MFCG in the <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. mongholica Litv. (PSV) group were significantly higher than those in the <i>Quercus mongolica</i> Fisch. ex Ledeb. (QMF) and <i>Larix gmelinii</i> (Rupr.) Kuzen (LGK) groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The total content of these four monomeric saponins in the PSV group was 35.1 and 45.56% higher than that in the QMF and LGK groups, respectively. Significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were observed between the PSV group and the QMF and LGK groups in terms of the rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and physicochemical indicators such as nutrient elements. The agronomic traits and saponin content of MFCG were positively correlated with chemical indicators in the rhizosphere soil, including Cu, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Fe, Mo, Mn, Organic matter (OM), Available phosphorus (AP), Available nitrogen (AN), and Available potassium (AK). Based on the microbial diversity and nutrient elements positively correlated with MFCG in the rhizosphere soil, a bionic microbial fertilizer formula was optimized.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The microecological mechanism behind the growth vigor and saponin accumulation of understory ginseng involves an increase in beneficial microorganisms and nutrient elements, along with a reduction in harmful microorganisms and detrimental elements. The bionic microbial fertilizer promoted MFCG growth and saponin accumulation while improving soil nutrient levels, bulk density, and water-holding capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1548481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impact of spotted fever group <i>rickettsia</i> and anaplasmosis on tick microbial ecology: evidence from multi-species comparative microbiome analysis.","authors":"Jin-Qi Wang, Tian Yu, Hong-Yu Qiu, Sheng-Wei Ji, Zhi-Qiang Xu, Qi-Chao Cui, Hai-Feng Li, Wan-Feng Liang, Shuai Feng, Chen-Tao Fu, Xu Gao, Zhen-Zhen Han, Wan-Nian Tian, Ji-Xu Li, Shu-Jiang Xue","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1589263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a significant public health challenge, as their incidence is increasing due to the effects of climate change and ecological shifts. The interplay between tick-borne pathogens and the host microbiome is an emerging area of research that may elucidate the mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility and severity. To investigate the diversity of microbial communities in ticks infected with vertebrate pathogens, we analyzed the microbiomes of 142 tick specimens. The presence of <i>Rickettsia</i> and <i>Anaplasma</i> pathogens in individual samples was detected through PCR. Our study aimed to elucidate the composition and variation of microbial communities associated with three tick species, which are known vectors for various pathogens affecting both wildlife and humans. We employed high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the microbial diversity and conducted statistical analyses to assess the correlation between the presence of specific pathogens and the overall microbial community structure. Pathogen screening revealed an overall positivity rate of 51.9% for <i>Anaplasma</i> and 44.6% for spotted fever group <i>rickettsia</i> (SFGR). Among the three tick species (<i>Dermacentor silvarum</i>, <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i>, and <i>Haemaphysalis japonica</i>) analyzed, <i>D. sil</i>var<i>um</i> (the predominant species) exhibited the highest pathogen prevalence. The results indicate significant variation in microbial diversity between tick samples, with the presence of <i>Anaplasma</i> and SFGR associated with distinct changes in the microbial community composition. These findings underscore the complex interactions between ticks and their microbial inhabitants, enriching our understanding of tick-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1589263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein elicitor PeVn1 induces resistance to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in strawberry and differential transcriptomic analysis.","authors":"Ziyu Zhang, Dong Wang, Yu Wang, Baozhu Dong, Jianxiu Hao, Hongyou Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2025.1541448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1541448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Botrytis cinerea</i> is one of the most destructive diseases in strawberry cultivation. The protein elicitor PeVn1 is a secreted protein produced by <i>Verticillium nonalfalfae</i>, and it has been shown to enhance plant resistance against fungal infections. However, the mechanisms by which the protein elicitor acts remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses on strawberry leaves to reveal the resistance conferred by PeVn1 against <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. PeVn1 treatment significantly reduced lesion areas on <i>B. cinerea</i>-infected strawberry leaves. During the infection period, PeVn1 increased the activities of various antioxidant and defense-related enzymes, thereby enhancing the plant's oxidative capacity. Compared to inoculation with <i>B. cinerea</i> alone, malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrical conductivity levels were significantly reduced. Transcriptomic analysis identified a total of 277 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves treated with PeVn1 compared to the control group. The three most enriched KEGG pathways were the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction, all of which are associated with plant immunity. DEGs associated with plant-pathogen interaction pathways included Calmodulin-like protein 1, Calcium-dependent protein kinase, and Chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1-like protein. DEGs linked to MAPK and hormone signaling pathways included EIN3-3, ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1, MAPK9 (MKK9), and transcription factor WRKY42. These genes play critical roles in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). They support the plant's hypersensitive response (HR), cell wall reinforcement, and other defense mechanisms. In summary, the protein elicitor PeVn1 activates the MAPK signaling pathway, increases calcium ions, and stimulates the ethylene signaling pathway in strawberry leaves, thereby enhancing plant resistance to infection. The results demonstrate that PeVn1 has significant potential to improve resistance against fungal diseases in strawberries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1541448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}