Frontiers in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The IclR-family transcriptional regulator XyrR controls flotation, motility, antibiotic production and virulence in <i>Serratia</i> sp. ATCC 39006.","authors":"Carlo Miguel Castro Sandoval, George P C Salmond","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1500889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1500889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opportunistic pathogen <i>Serratia</i> sp. ATCC 39006 (S39006) is a rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterium that produces a 𝛽-lactam antibiotic (a carbapenem) and a bioactive red-pigmented tripyrrole antibiotic, prodigiosin. It is also the only known enterobacterium that naturally produces intracellular gas vesicles (GVs), enabling cells to float in static water columns. Regulation of GVs and secondary metabolites in S39006 can be coordinated but such pleiotropy is still poorly understood. To uncover novel inputs to this complex regulatory network, we used transposon mutagenesis to identify a mutant with an insertion in an IclR-type transcriptional regulator gene. The <i>iclR</i> mutant showed diminished production of carbapenem, prodigiosin, GVs and cellulase. Furthermore, the mutant also showed increased swimming and swarming motilities but exhibited attenuated virulence <i>in planta</i> and ability to kill the nematode <i>C. elegans</i>. Using differential expression analysis of the intracellular proteomes of the wild type and <i>iclR</i> mutant, we confirmed that the mutation negatively impacted expression of the corresponding GV, carbapenem and prodigiosin gene clusters. In contrast, flagellar and chemotaxis proteins were overexpressed, consistent with the increased motility of the mutant. We also found that the proteins encoded by a putative <i>yagEF-yjhF</i> operon, involved in xylonate catabolism and transport, showed a 5- to 7-fold increase in expression. Finally, we show that IclR is a repressor of xylonate catabolism in S39006 and suggest that xylonate is potentially involved in controlling carbapenem and prodigiosin biosynthesis. Our results indicate that IclR is a global regulator that controls antibiotic biosynthesis, flotation through modulating GV assembly, and has pleiotropic impacts on the physiology and virulence of S39006. Based on these findings, we propose the designation of this IclR-family transcriptional regulator as XyrR (<i>Xy</i>lonate <i>r</i>esponse <i>R</i>egulator).</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11778176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temperate forest phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome: a case study of sugar maple.","authors":"Morgane Enea, Jacob Beauregard, Tonia De Bellis, Maria Faticov, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1504444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interactions between sugar maple (<i>Acer saccharum</i>, Marshall) and its microbial communities are important for tree fitness, growth, and establishment. Despite recent progress in our understanding of the rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities of sugar maple, many outstanding knowledge gaps remain. This review delves into the relationships between sugar maple and its microbes, as climate change alters plant species distributions. It highlights the multifaceted roles of key microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and pathogens, in affecting the distribution and establishment of sugar maple in novel habitats. Furthermore, this review examines how microbial communities in different compartments contribute to tree fitness. Finally, it explores how microbial dispersal and altered species interactions under changing environmental conditions can affect sugar maple's ability to migrate beyond its current range, emphasizing the different scenarios associated with such shifts. In the rhizosphere, AM fungi are known for their roles in nutrient acquisition and improving stress tolerance. Yet, key questions remain about how these fungi interact with other microbes, how soil chemistry and climate change alter these interactions, and how the presence of beneficial microbes influences sugar maple's establishment. Additionally, the role of dark septate endophytes (DSE) in sugar maple's fitness remains underexplored, emphasizing the need for more research on their diversity and functions. In the phyllosphere, microbial communities are subject to shifts due to rising global change, with potential impacts on sugar maple's fitness. These changes may influence the tree's resistance to pathogens, tolerance to environmental stress, and overall health. Yet, our understanding of these interactions relies mostly on short-read sequencing methods targeting marker genes (e.g., 16S, ITS, 18S), which often fail to identify microbes at the species level. Limitations in molecular techniques and poor microbial reference databases hinder our ability to fully characterize tree-associated microbial diversity and functions. Future research should thus prioritize advanced molecular tools such as shotgun, hybrid, or long-read sequencing. Controlled experiments are also needed to establish causal links between sugar maple fitness and microbial communities, and to study whether microbial communities change throughout the tree's lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in systems microbiology: 2022/2023.","authors":"Qi Zhao, Biswarup Sen, Davida S Smyth, Fernando Luis Cônsoli","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1538030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1538030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1538030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and maturation of gut microbiota in White King pigeon squabs: role of pigeon milk.","authors":"Xiaoqin Xu, Zihan Wang, Yi Jian, Long Zhang, Caiquan Zhou, Li Liu, Hui Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1481529","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1481529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pigeons are significant economic animals in China; however, research regarding the establishment and influencing factors of gut microbiota in squabs remains limited. Understanding how the gut microbiota develops in pigeons, particularly in relation to pigeon milk, is importance in pigeon production. This study aims to elucidate the establishment characteristics of the gut microbiota in White King pigeon squabs and explore the role of pigeon milk in this process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing technology to investigate the dynamics of microbial composition in feces and pigeon milk at various growth stages of White King pigeon. Functional prediction analysis was performed to assess the metabolic pathways involved, and correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between microbial communities in different sample types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed a diverse microbiome present in the meconium of newborn pigeons, with a microbial composition that significantly differed from that of other feces groups. In contrast, the microbial composition of feces (FN) from pigeons aged 7 to 21 days exhibited less variability. At the phylum level, the predominant microbial taxa identified in the feces of FN were Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the main dominant bacterial groups included <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Limosilactobacillus</i>, and <i>Turicibacter</i>. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the gut microbiota of pigeons primarily participate in metabolic pathways related to carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, cofactors, and vitamins. Furthermore, the dominant bacteria found in pigeon milk (MN) were identified as probiotics, including <i>Limosilactobacillus</i>, <i>Ligilactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, and <i>Aeriscardovia</i>, which collectively accounted for over 90% of the total abundance. Correlation analysis of the abundance of shared microbes revealed that the association between meconium and feces at the other stages was extremely low. In contrast, the correlation between colostrum and feces at the post-feeding stage were found to be the highest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that prenatal colonization occurs in White King pigeons. Notably, within the first week after birth, the gut microbial composition of young pigeons becomes stable. Furthermore, the colostrum serves as the most significant driver for the establishment of intestinal microbiota in squab post-birth. The findings of this study suggest that microorganisms can be added to artificial pigeon milk based on the predominant microbial composition of colostrum. This approach could facilitate the establishment of gut microbiota in young pigeons, thereby promoting their growth and development and providing production benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1481529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chili straw on rumen fermentation, meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid contents, and rumen bacteria diversity in sheep.","authors":"Jinlong Li, Yong Tuo, Linjiao He, Yan Ma, Zhijun Zhang, Zhiqiang Cheng, Changjiang Zang, Tongjun Guo","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1525612","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1525612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crop residues have shown promise as non-conventional feed sources to enhance animal health and growth. This study evaluated the effects of chili straw (CS) on rumen fermentation, meat quality, amino and fatty acid composition, and rumen microbial diversity in sheep. Fifty F1 Dorper×Hu lambs (29.58 ± 2.06 kg) were randomly assigned to five groups, fed pelleted feed with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% CS over a 63-day period, including a 7-day pre-test. Post-trial, rumen fluid was sampled to assess fermentation and microbial profiles, and slaughter performance and meat quality were evaluated. Key findings include: (1) No significant differences were observed in rumen pH, NH₃-N, or acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio across groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). (2) Rumen microbial diversity indices did not vary significantly between groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05), though the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased, and <i>Bacteroidota</i> decreased in CS-fed groups, with specific genus-level changes. (3) Carcass weight decreased in the CS20% group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). (4) Cooking loss decreased in CS10%, 15%, and 20% groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and meat redness increased in CS15% and 20% groups (<i>P</i> < 0.01). (5) Saturated fatty acids decreased, while the PUFA/SFA ratio and amino acid profiles, including sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), dibasic amino acids (DAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and total amino acids (TAA), increased with CS, with a significant rise in Gly content in the CS15% group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating CS into lamb diets can enhance meat quality without adversely affecting rumen fermentation, with recommended levels between 10% and 15%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1525612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vic9 mycobacteriophage: the first subcluster B2 phage isolated in Russia.","authors":"Marina Zaychikova, Maja Malakhova, Dmitry Bespiatykh, Maria Kornienko, Ksenia Klimina, Aleksandra Strokach, Roman Gorodnichev, Arina German, Mikhail Fursov, Dmitry Bagrov, Anna Vnukova, Alexandra Gracheva, Anastasia Kazyulina, Margarita Shleeva, Egor Shitikov","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1513081","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1513081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria of the Mycobacterium genus. A substantial collection of mycobacteriophages has been isolated and characterized, offering valuable insights into their diversity and evolution. This collection also holds significant potential for therapeutic applications, particularly as an alternative to antibiotics in combating drug-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a new mycobacteriophage, Vic9, using <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> mc (2)155 as the host strain. Vic9 has been classified within the B2 subcluster of the B cluster. Morphological analysis revealed that Vic9 has a structure typical of siphophages from this subcluster and forms characteristic plaques. The phage adsorbs onto host strain cells within 30 min, and according to one-step growth experiments, its latent period lasts about 90 min, followed by a growth period of 150 min, with an average yield of approximately 68 phage particles per infected cell. In host range experiments, Vic9 efficiently lysed the host strain and also exhibited the ability to lyse <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Rv, albeit with a low efficiency of plating (EOP ≈ 2 × 10^-5), a typical feature of B2 phages. No lysis was observed in other tested mycobacterial species. The genome of Vic9 comprises 67,543 bp of double-stranded DNA and encodes 89 open reading frames. Our analysis revealed unique features in Vic9, despite its close relationship to other B2 subcluster phages, highlighting its distinct characteristics even among closely related phages. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of a distinct 435 bp sequence within the gene cluster responsible for queuosine biosynthesis, as well as a recombination event within the structural cassette region (Vic_0033-Vic_0035) among members of the B1, B2, and B3 subclusters. These genetic features are of interest for further research, as they may reveal new mechanisms of phage-bacteria interactions and their potential for developing novel phage therapy methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1513081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus BJ-11 unveils genetic evolution related to virulence in calves.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang, Jing Cheng, Yu Guo, Yibin Hu, Zhuo Zhao, Wenxiao Liu, Linyi Zhou, Peize Wu, Chunjie Cheng, Chun Yang, Jing Yang, Enqi Du, Yongqing Li","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1540358","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1540358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which causes significant economic loss to the global livestock industry. Despite the widespread use of inactivated BVDV vaccines, highly pathogenic strains continue to emerge. In China, regional variations in BVDV subtypes, morbidities, and symptoms, however, only the BVDV 1a subtype vaccine is currently approved. Therefore, this study is to gain insight into the biological characteristics and genetic variation of BVDV strains prevalent in Beijing. Meanwhile, this will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the prevention and control of BVDV, as well as raise awareness of the potential for virulence enhancement caused by the unregulated use of BVDV vaccines. In this study, A BVDV strain, BJ-11, was isolated from calves that died of diarrhea and vaccinated of BVDV. To evaluate its virulence, newborn calves were experimentally infected with the BJ-11. Clinical signs included fever, diarrhea, bloody stools, anorexia, and death in some cases. A marked reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were observed, accompanied by an increase in neutrophil counts. Histopathological changes manifested as severe lung lesions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BJ-11 belongs to the BVDV 1b subtype, genetically closest to the JL-1 strain. Analysis of the E2 glycosylation site disappeared (298SYT) in one of the four common glycosylation sites in the BVDV-1, which has been reported to affect the ability of the virus to infect and an additional glycosylation site (122NGS). These results indicate that BJ-11 is a highly pathogenic strain evolved from a low-virulence ancestor and should be served as a challenge strain. Simultaneously, these results contribute to a broader understanding of BVDV and whether imperfect vaccination strategies lead to reversal of immunosuppressive virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1540358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water pollution, cholera, and the role of probiotics: a comprehensive review in relation to public health in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Rayhan Chowdhury, Ariful Islam, Valentina Yurina, Takeshi Shimosato","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1523397","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1523397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera, a disease caused by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, remains a pervasive public health threat, particularly in regions with inadequate water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, such as Bangladesh. This review explores the complex interplay between water pollution and cholera transmission in Bangladesh, highlighting how contaminated water bodies serve as reservoirs for <i>V. cholerae</i>. A key focus is the potential role of probiotics as a novel intervention approach for cholera prevention and management. Probiotics are promising as an adjunctive approach to existing therapies as they can enhance gut barrier function, induce competitive exclusion of pathogens, and modulate host immune responses. Recent probiotic advancements include engineering strains that disrupt <i>V. cholerae</i> biofilms and inhibit their virulence. Integrating probiotics with traditional cholera control measures could significantly enhance their effectiveness and provide a multifaceted approach to combating this persistent disease. This review aims to shed light on the potential of probiotics in revolutionizing cholera management and to offer insights into their application as both preventive and therapeutic tools in the fight against this enduring public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1523397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the oxygen-tolerant formate dehydrogenase from <i>Clostridium carboxidivorans</i>.","authors":"Eva-Maria Brouwer, Hitesh K R Medipally, Saskia Schwab, Shanshan Song, Marc M Nowaczyk, Martin Hagemann","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1527626","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1527626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fixation of CO₂ into the organic compound formate by formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) is regarded as the oldest autotrophic process on Earth. It has been proposed that an FDH-dependent CO₂ fixation module could support CO₂ assimilation even in photoautotrophic organisms. In the present study, we characterized FDH from <i>Clostridium carboxidivorans</i> (<i>cc</i>FDH) due to its ability to reduce CO₂ under aerobic conditions. During the production of recombinant <i>cc</i>FDH, in which the selenocysteine codon was replaced by Cys, we were able to replace the W with Mo as the transition metal in the <i>cc</i>FDH metal cofactor, resulting in a two-fold increase of 6 μmol formate min^-1 in enzyme activity. Then, we generated <i>cc</i>FDH variants in which the strict NADH preference of the enzyme was changed to NADPH, as this reducing agent is produced in high amounts during the photosynthetic light process. Finally, we showed that the native <i>cc</i>FDH can also directly use ferredoxin as a reducing agent, which is produced by the photosynthetic light reactions at photosystem I. These data collectively suggest that <i>cc</i>FDH and, particularly, its optimized variants can be regarded as suitable enzymes to couple formate production to photosynthesis in photoautotroph organisms, which could potentially support CO₂ assimilation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and minimize CO₂ losses due to photorespiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1527626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getah virus triggers ROS-mediated autophagy in mouse Leydig cells.","authors":"Fengqin Li, Lishuang Deng, Tong Xu, Lei Xu, Zhiwen Xu, Siyuan Lai, Yanru Ai, Yanqun Wang, Guangwen Yan, Ling Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519694","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fmicb.2024.1519694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted via a mosquito-vertebrate cycle. While previous studies have explored the epidemiology and pathogenicity of GETV in various species, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the impact of GETV infection and associated molecular mechanisms on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy levels in mouse Leydig cells both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. The male mice and TM3 cells were treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels. Rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) were used to change autophagy in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The findings revealed that GETV infection in mouse testes speciffcally targeted Leydig cells and induced oxidative stress while enhancing autophagy in testicular tissue. Using TM3 cells as an <i>in vitro</i> model, the study confirmed GETV replication in this cell line, triggering increased ROS and autophagy levels. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels markedly reduced autophagy in testicular tissue and TM3 cells infected with GETV. Interestingly, the use of rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) led to autophagy change in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells, with no signiffcant alterations in cellular ROS levels. These results indicate that GETV infection elevates ROS levels, subsequently inducing autophagy in mouse Leydig cells. We also found that autophagy plays an important role in GETV replication. When autophagy levels were reduced using NAC and 3-MA, a corresponding decrease in TCID₅₀ was observed. Conversely, upregulation of autophagy using Rapa resulted in an increase in TCID₅₀ of GETV. Therefore, we speculate that GETV may exploit the autophagy pathway to facilitate its replication. These ffndings illuminate the interplay between GETV and host cells, providing valuable insights for therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in GETV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12466,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1519694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}