Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: Clinical characteristics and the role of IL-6 in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with or without COVID-19: a multicenter paired cohort study.","authors":"Ruoyu Yao, Guofen Xu, Xiujuan Fu, Wenrui Zhang, Han Wang, Yu Chen, Jia Yao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1584105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1584105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1471974.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1584105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: a machine learning-based multicenter large-scale study.","authors":"Suling Chen, Lixia Zhang, Jingchun Mao, Zhe Qian, Yuanhui Jiang, Xinrui Gao, Mingzhu Tao, Guangyu Liang, Jie Peng, Shaohang Cai","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1466655","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1466655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly enhanced the prognosis for people living with HIV (PLWH), some individuals fail to achieve adequate immune reconstitution, known as immunological nonresponse (INR), which is linked to poor prognosis and higher mortality. However, the early prediction and intervention of INR remains challenging in South China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1,577 PLWH who underwent at least two years of HAART and clinical follow-up between 2017 and 2022 at two major tertiary hospitals in South China. We utilized logistic multivariate regression to identify independent predictors of INR and employed restricted cubic splines (RCS) for nonlinear analysis. We also developed several machine-learning models, assessing their performance using internal and external datasets to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The best-performing model was further interpreted using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent predictors of INR included baseline, 6-month and 12-month CD4+ T cell counts, baseline hemoglobin, and 6-month hemoglobin levels. RCS analysis highlighted significant nonlinear relationships between baseline CD4+ T cells, 12-month CD4+ T cells and baseline hemoglobin with INR. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, with ROC areas of 0.866, 0.943, and 0.897 across the datasets. Calibration was robust, with Brier scores of 0.136, 0.102, and 0.126. SHAP values indicated that early CD4+T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were crucial in predicting INR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study introduces the random forest model to predict incomplete immune reconstitution in PLWH, which can significantly assist clinicians in the early prediction and intervention of INR among PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1466655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of FosA13, a novel fosfomycin glutathione transferase identified in a <i>Morganella morganii</i> isolate from poultry.","authors":"Runzhi Zhang, Yan Yu, Lulu Huang, Susu Chen, Ruxi Hu, Xiuxiu Wang, Dawei Huang, Chunhan Song, Junwan Lu, Qiyu Bao, Yunliang Hu, Pengfei Jiang, Wei Pan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1534084","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1534084","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; is a species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Morganella&lt;/i&gt; in the family &lt;i&gt;Enterobacteriaceae&lt;/i&gt;. This species primarily causes infections of postoperative wounds and the urinary tract. Some isolates of &lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics due to multidrug resistance traits, complicating clinical treatment; thus, there is a growing need to elucidate the resistance mechanisms of this pathogen.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 658 bacterial strains were isolated from anal fecal swabs from poultry and livestock and from the surrounding environment in Wenzhou, China, via plate streaking. The full genome sequences of the bacteria were obtained via next-generation sequencing platforms. The standard agar dilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents. The resistance gene (&lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt;) of the isolate was identified using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and confirmed via molecular cloning. The FosA13 protein encoded by the novel resistance gene &lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt; was expressed with the vector pCold I, and its enzyme kinetics parameters were characterized. The genetic background and evolutionary process of the sequence of this novel resistance gene were analyzed by means of bioinformatics methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, we identified a new chromosomally encoded fosfomycin resistance gene, designated &lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt;, from the &lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; isolate DW0548, which was isolated from poultry on a farm in Wenzhou, China. Compared with the control strain (pUCP19/DH5α), the recombinant strain carrying &lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt; (pUCP19-&lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt;/DH5α) presented a fourfold increase in the MIC value for fosfomycin. The enzyme kinetics data of FosA13 revealed effective inactivation of fosfomycin, with a &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;cat&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;/K&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; of (1.50 ± 0.02)×10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; M&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Among functionally characterized resistance proteins, FosA13 presented the highest amino acid (aa) homology (55.6%) with FosA. FosA13 also contained essential functional residues of FosA proteins. The isolate &lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; DW0548 presented high MIC values (≥ 8 μg/mL) for 5 classes of antimicrobials, namely, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, but only two functionally characteristic antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified in the complete genome: a β-lactam resistance gene (&lt;i&gt;bla&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sub&gt;DHA-16&lt;/sub&gt;) and a phenol resistance gene (&lt;i&gt;catII&lt;/i&gt;). These findings indicate that in addition to the novel resistance gene identified in this work, other uncharacterized resistance mechanisms might exist in &lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; DW0548.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A novel chromosomal fosfomycin resistance gene, &lt;i&gt;fosA13&lt;/i&gt;, was identified in an animal &lt;i&gt;M. morganii&lt;/i&gt; isolate, and its enzymatic parameters were characteri","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1534084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the primary antibiofilm substance and mechanism employed by <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> ATCC 11741 to inhibit biofilm of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.","authors":"Nan Ma, Wei Yang, Bairu Chen, Meihua Bao, Yimin Li, Meng Wang, Xiaopeng Yang, Junyi Liu, Chengyue Wang, Lihong Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535539","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> serves as a probiotic potentially capable of preventing dental caries both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This study focused on understanding the key antibiofilm agents and the mechanisms of action of the <i>Lactobacilli</i> supernatant against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Streptococcus mutans</i> biofilm was constructed and the cell-free supernatant of <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> was added. After the biofilm was collected, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were then performed to get gene information. The influence of temperature, pH and other factors on the supernatant were measured and non-targeted metabolome analysis was performed to analyze the effective components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that the supernatant derived from <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> could inhibit the biofilm formation of <i>Streptococcus</i> mutans at different times. Through transcriptome analysis, we discovered that the cell-free supernatant reduced biofilm formation, by suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems along with two ATP-binding cassette transporters, rather than directly affecting the genes that code for glucosyltransferases; additionally, the supernatant was observed to diminish the expression of genes linked to two-component systems, polyketides/non-ribosomal peptides, acid stress response, quorum sensing, and exopolysaccharide formation. Non-targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was employed to discover a variety of potential active compounds present in the cellular filtrate of <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> that hinder the growth of S. mutans, including phenyllactic acid, sorbitol, and honokiol.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In summary, our findings support the evaluation of <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> as a promising oral probiotic aimed at hindering the formation of biofilms by cariogenic pathogens and the development of dental caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1535539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology and public health implications of zoonotic monophasic <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium ST34.","authors":"Xiaolei Wu, Jiaxin Du, Xiao Zhou, Xianqi Peng, Chenghao Jia, Baikui Wang, Beibei Wu, Yan Li, Min Yue","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1490183","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1490183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monophasic <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium sequence type 34 (mSTM ST34) has emerged as a significant global health threat, but our understanding of its genomic epidemiology and potential public health implications in international and regional contexts remains limited. This study aims to fill this crucial gap by assessing the genomic epidemiology of multidrug resistance (MDR) mSTM ST34, as well as its clinical characteristics and virulence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve the objectives of this study, we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of mSTM ST34 isolates. We obtained a global dataset comprising 13,844 strains from public databases, along with 339 strains from a regional surveillance collection in Zhejiang Province, China. This dataset aims to provide in-depth insights into antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements, and pathogenicity. Additionally, we meticulously assessed the association between phenotypic profiles and clinical presentations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that the prevalence of mSTM ST34 has surpassed that of the previously dominant ST19. In addition, we observed an increase in the detection of the IncQ1 plasmid, which is responsible for disseminating MDR. The prevalence of mSTM ST34 carriage was exceptionally high among children (≤12 years old) and elderly individuals (≥65 years old), with 92.6% of the isolates exhibiting MDR, including resistance to frontline antimicrobials such as third-generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the human mSTM ST34 strain demonstrates a remarkable capacity for biofilm formation, which increases its virulence in animal models and complicates therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mSTM ST34 has surpassed the previously dominant ST19, and its ability to transmit across multi-species increases its potential for further human transmission. This study addresses critical gaps in our understanding of mSTM ST34 prevalence, highlighting the importance of whole genome sequencing in surveilling zoonotic pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1490183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and the kidney diseases.","authors":"Jin-Qi Su, Xiang-Qi Wu, Qi Wang, Bo-Yang Xie, Cui-Yan Xiao, Hong-Yong Su, Ji-Xin Tang, Cui-Wei Yao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1488264","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1488264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite, is a co-metabolite produced by both gut microbiota and livers, originating from foods rich in choline or carnitine. Emerging evidence suggests that TMAO may play a role in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Research has demonstrated that heightened levels of TMAO are correlated with a heightened likelihood of kidney disease advancement and cardiovascular incidents among individuals with chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, TMAO has been observed to stimulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in animal models of kidney disease. Mechanistically, TMAO may contribute to kidney disease pathogenesis by inhibiting autophagy, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting TMAO may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases. Future studies are needed to further investigate the role of TMAO in kidney disease pathogenesis and to develop TMAO-targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi from <i>Malus</i> in Qujing, China: two new species, three new records, and insights into potential host jumping and lifestyle switching.","authors":"Gui-Qing Zhang, Zhu-Mei Li, Xin-Lei Fan, Qi-Rui Li, Jaturong Kumla, Nakarin Suwannarach, Abdallah M Elgorban, Ihab M Moussa, Dong-Qin Dai, Nalin N Wijayawardene","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1517908","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1517908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple trees [<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh. (<i>Rosaceae</i>)] are one of the important temperate fruit crops in China. In comparison to other temperate fruits, such as grapes and pears, fungal studies (in Yunnan) associated with <i>M. domestica</i> are fewer in number. In the present study, we investigated fungi associated with <i>M. domestica</i> in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. Samples were collected from apple gardens in different locations. Single spore isolation was carried out to isolate saprobic fungi, while the surface sterilization method was carried out to isolate endophytic fungi. Molecular analyses were carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the new collections. Based on the combined methods of morphology and phylogeny, <i>Cytospora qujingensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>Hypoxylon malongense</i> sp. nov. are introduced as novel saprobic and endophytic taxa, respectively. Moreover, <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> and <i>Cytospora schulzeri</i> are reported as new geological records from southwestern China. <i>Allocryptovalsa castaneae</i> is reported on <i>M. domestica</i> in China for the first time. The checklist of fungi associated with <i>M. domestica</i> in China is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1517908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>aac(6')-Iaq</i>, a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene identified from an animal isolate <i>Brucella intermedia</i> DW0551.","authors":"Naru Lin, Wanna Xu, Dawei Huang, Chaoqun Liu, Junwan Lu, Mei Zhu, Qiyu Bao, Wei Pan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1551240","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1551240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antimicrobials is becoming increasingly severe due to their use as commonly prescribed antibiotics. The discovery of new molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance is critical for the effective treatment of bacterial infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacteria in goose feces were isolated by plate streaking. The identification and characterization of a novel resistance gene from the bacterial genome involved various techniques, including molecular cloning, drug susceptibility testing, protein expression and purification, and enzyme kinetic analysis. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic studies were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Brucella intermedia</i> DW0551, isolated from goose feces, was resistant to 35 antibiotics, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was particularly high for most aminoglycoside antibiotics. The novel aminoglycoside resistance gene <i>aac(6')-Iaq</i> encoded by <i>B. intermedia</i> DW0551 conferred resistance to netilmicin, sisomicin, amikacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and ribostamycin. The amino acid sequence of AAC(6')-Iaq shared the highest identity (52.63%) with the functionally characterized aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-If. AAC(6')-Iaq contained all the conserved sites of the acetyltransferase family NAT_SF. The enzyme exhibited strong affinity and catalytic activity toward netilmicin and sisomicin. The mobile genetic element (MGE) was not found in the flanking regions of the <i>aac(6')-Iaq</i> and <i>aac(6')-Iaq</i>-like genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this work, a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene, designated <i>aac(6')-Iaq</i>, which conferred resistance to a variety of aminoglycoside antimicrobials, was identified in an animal <i>Brucella intermedia</i> isolate. Identification of new antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacteria isolated from animals could aid in the treatment of animal and human infectious diseases caused by related bacterial species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1551240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota: an emerging target connecting polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance.","authors":"Yufeng Mei, Wanzhen Li, Bingqi Wang, Zhenni Chen, Xinyi Wu, Yingrui Lin, Min Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1508893","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1508893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heterogeneous metabolic disorder, with oligomenorrhea and hirsutism as patients' primary complaints. Hyperinsulinemia is a crucial pathophysiological mechanism in the development of PCOS, with 50-70% of patients exhibiting insulin resistance (IR). This condition not only exacerbates ovulatory dysfunction but also leads to various adverse metabolic outcomes, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes, and increases the risk of cardiovascular events both before and after menopause. Gut microbiota is a microbial community within the host that possesses significant metabolic potential and is shaped by external environmental factors, the neuro-immune network, and metabolism. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the development and progression of PCOS. Despite the growing recognition of the potential role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS, its clinical application remains in its infancy. Currently, most clinical guidelines and expert consensus still emphasize traditional therapeutic approaches, such as hormonal treatments, lifestyle modifications, and insulin sensitizers. However, accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota may influence the metabolic and reproductive health of PCOS patients through various mechanisms. Therefore, understanding the role of gut microbiota between PCOS and IR is essential. This review describes the changes in the gut microbiota of IR-PCOS patients, examines the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to IR in PCOS patients, and updates the evidence supporting the gut microbiota as a potential metabolic regulatory target in IR-PCOS. In summary, gut microbiota dysbiosis may be involved in the development and progression of IR in PCOS patients, and improving gut microbiota may offer metabolic stability benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1508893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive attenuation of virulence mediated by Wzc mutation in ST11-KL47 Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>.","authors":"Yufeng Dai, Qiang Zhao, Huanhuan Yan, Kun Ye, Lifeng Wang, Ling Guo, Na Guo, Wenwen Li, Jiyong Yang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1561631","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1561631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The impact of the hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotype in ST11-KL47 carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKp) pathogenicity warrants investigation for public health risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 230 clinical ST11-KL47 CRKp to identify the key factor in mucoviscosity acquisition via comparative genomic analysis. Sedimentation value served as the objective index to quantify HMV. The virulence <i>in vivo</i> was assessed using <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and mouse infection models. We employed genome engineering, capsular polysaccharides (CPS) quantification, and visualization to explore the role of Wzc mutation in CPS biosynthesis and HMV. The biological impact of Wzc-mediated HMV was investigated through competitive growth analysis, biofilm formation, serum resistance, anti-phagocytic ability, and adhesion assays. Transcriptomic analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to explore the relationship between polysaccharide composition, physical distribution, and changes in virulence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Wzc mutations are identified as the key to mucoviscosity acquisition. Unexpectedly, Wzc-mediated HMV CRKp exhibits reduced pathogenicity versus non-mucoviscosity (NMV) strains in different animal models, with competitive disadvantage, decreased biofilm formation, serum resistance, and adhesion, yet higher anti-phagocytic ability <i>in vitro</i>. CPS extraction and visualization of genome-engineered strains verify the Wzc mutations mediate HMV by standardizing CPS chain length and overproducing cell-free extracellular polysaccharides (cell-free EPS). Transcriptomic results, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) quantification, and SEM collectively indicate a downregulation of LPS synthesis and the masking of LPS in HMV strains.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the Wzc-induced HMV attenuates ST11-KL47 CRKp virulence by modifying the exopolysaccharide composition and physical distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1561631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}