Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative histopathological and immunohistochemical features of central nervous system and pulmonary tuberculosis: an exploratory retrospective study.","authors":"Kaili Su, Junjun Liu, Runrui Wu, Wen Chen, Yuejiao Liu, Yadong Liu, Xu Zhang, Min Fan, Libao Feng, Shuangshuang Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1933605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1933605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is a rare and particularly severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Early diagnosis and precise treatment are crucial in managing this condition. Pathological and immunohistochemical features may differ between CNS-TB and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study included 9 patients of CNS-TB, and analyzed their clinical manifestations, pathological features, and the immunohistochemical(IHC) features. The findings were then compared with PTB to explore the similarities and differences in how tuberculosis manifests in the brain versus the lungs. However, CNS-TB tissue specimens are difficult to obtain, limiting our sample size. Additionally, several patients received preoperative anti-tuberculosis therapy and short-course corticosteroids before sampling. Given these baseline differences, intergroup comparisons should be interpreted cautiously. Unlike patients with isolated PTB, those with CNS-TB frequently present with multisystem tuberculosis involving the lungs. Typical tuberculosis manifestations including fever, anorexia, weight loss, dizziness and lymphadenopathy did not differ between groups. Likewise, CBC parameters (hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and lymphocyte count) were comparable between CNS-TB and PTB groups. In this small cohort, general pathological features such as granulomas and caseous necrosis were similar in CNS-TB and PTB lesions. We further compared their IHC profiles. This exploratory analysis revealed that CNS-TB lesions harbored significantly fewer CD34⁺ microvessels, CD4⁺ T cells and CD38⁺ cells relative to PTB lesions, while CD56⁺ cells were mildly elevated in CNS-TB. No marked intergroup differences were noted for other immune cell subsets. Collectively, pathological characteristics and immune cell infiltration may differ between CNS-TB and PTB. Owing to the absence of normal brain and lung tissue controls, our findings warrant cautious interpretation. Finally, we performed exploratory drug-resistance analysis using remaining specimens from four patients in each group and observed similar resistance-associated mutation profiles between CNS-TB and PTB lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1933605"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in microbiota profiles of simple and complicated pediatric appendicitis cases.","authors":"Lütfiye Öksüz, Evrim Özdemir, İdil Tunçer, Seçil Yüksel, Tayyip Karaman, Başak Erginel","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1966569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1966569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the differences in microbial composition between simple appendicitis (SA) and complicated appendicitis (CA) in a limited sample size using culture and microbiota analysis. Appendix tissues and rectal swabs for microbiota analysis and conventional cultures were collected from patients. 16S rRNA regions were amplified using a DNA preparation kit with primers designed to target the V3-V4 region. Sixteen (41%) of the patients were classified as CA based on the histopathological analysis, and the rest as SA. The effect size was slightly greater in rectal swab samples than in appendiceal tissue samples. Based on the conventional culture, the most common aerobic bacteria were <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> spp., and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. A decrease in both Pseudomonadota and Bacteriodota phyla was observed in tissue samples, while a decrease in Bacteriodota and an increase in Pseudomonadota were observed in rectal samples. Differences in the relative abundance of <i>Coprobacter</i> and <i>Hungatella</i> were observed between CAT and SAT samples; however, no genus-level difference remained significant after ANCOM-BC2 multiple-testing correction. The most notable feature of the CAT group was the relatively higher presence of potential pathobionts. <i>Bacteriodes</i> and <i>Roseburia</i> showed higher relative abundance in the SA rectal (SAR) group. The genera <i>Eubacterium</i> and <i>Clostridioides</i> showed a significant increase in both the SAR and CA rectal (CAR) groups. Lower relative abundances of <i>Parvimonas, Prevotella</i>, and <i>Dialister</i> and a higher relative abundance of <i>Tyzzerella</i> were observed in CAR compared with controls, although these differences did not remain significant after multiple-testing correction. In the ANCOM-BC2 pairwise analysis, an unclassified genus within <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> was significantly enriched in CAR compared with healthy controls (LFC = 3.56, q = 0.003). No statistically significant distinction was shown at the alpha and beta diversity levels between SA and CA cases. Our findings support previous studies on increased density and diversity at the phylum level in the CA group. The main limitations were the limited sample size and the use of pre-operative antibiotics. Microbiota profiling of appendiceal tissue and rectal swab samples may provide complementary information for understanding microbiota-associated patterns in appendicitis; however, the diagnostic or predictive utility of these microbial profiles requires validation in larger, independent cohorts using dedicated predictive modeling and diagnostic performance analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1966569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli in diabetic foot infections: association with glycemic control.","authors":"Gamal Othman, Abdelnaser A Badawy, Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier, Nashwa M Alkassaby, Mohamed Saleh Ismail","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1847743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1847743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are an increasing threat in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections, limiting therapeutic options and worsening outcomes. However, data linking specific carbapenemase genes to clinical and metabolic factors remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To isolate Gram-negative bacilli from deep tissue biopsies of DFUs, determine carbapenem susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, detect major carbapenemase genes by multiplex qPCR, and evaluate their association with glycemic control and Wagner grade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 150 patients with infected DFUs. Isolates recovered from tissue and other specimens were identified by standard microbiological methods, and carbapenem susceptibility was assessed by MIC testing. Multiplex qPCR was used to detect <i>bla</i>KPC, <i>bla</i>NDM, <i>bla</i>OXA-48, <i>bla</i>VIM, and <i>bla</i>IMP, and associations between resistance determinants and clinical variables were analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 56.4 ± 9.8 years, with a male predominance (61.3%), and high-grade ulcers (Wagner III-V) were present in 54.7% of patients. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> predominated (60.0%), followed by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (each 14.7%). Resistance to meropenem and imipenem was high (77.3% and 75.3%, respectively), and carbapenemase production was detected in 84.0% of isolates. <i>bla</i>KPC (28.0%) and <i>bla</i>NDM (24.0%) were the most prevalent genes and were significantly associated with phenotypic carbapenemase production (P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively). Carbapenemase producers showed significantly higher fasting glucose and HbA1c levels than non-producers (P < 0.001), with no significant association observed for Wagner grade (P = 0.570).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DFUs showed a high burden of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli, driven mainly by <i>bla</i>KPC and <i>bla</i>NDM. Poor glycemic control was strongly associated with these resistant infections, underscoring the need for integrated metabolic management, molecular surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship. These findings position glycemic control as a modifiable driver of antimicrobial resistance in DFUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1847743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moxibustion and the gut microbiota-inflammation axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and preclinical studies.","authors":"Xiaotao Zhang, Yueyue Guo, Lu Chen, Nian Song, Yang Yang, Jie Kong, Huan Xu, Yulu Liu, Ying Li","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1890021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1890021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut dysbiosis and aberrant inflammatory signaling are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Moxibustion has been reported to modulate gut microbiota composition and inflammatory responses, but its overall effects remain incompletely characterized. Objective: To evaluate the effects of moxibustion on gut microbiota-related outcomes and inflammatory mediators in clinical and preclinical studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP were searched from database inception to December 31, 2024. Clinical and preclinical studies investigating moxibustion and reporting at least one gut microbiota-related outcome were included. Clinical and preclinical evidence was synthesized separately, with quantitative meta-analysis restricted to eligible preclinical animal outcomes. Microbiota outcomes were pooled using ratios of means (ROMs), whereas inflammatory mediators were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMDs) under random-effects models. Metabolite- and pathway-related findings were narratively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one reports representing 30 unique studies were included, comprising 25 preclinical animal studies (26 reports) and 5 clinical studies. In animal studies, moxibustion increased Chao1 (ROM = 1.079, 95% CI [1.034-1.127]; P = 0.0005), ACE (ROM = 1.100, 95% CI [1.044-1.160]; P = 0.0004), and Shannon diversity (ROM = 1.047, 95% CI [1.015-1.080]; P = 0.0037), whereas Simpson diversity was not significantly altered. No significant pooled effects were detected for the major phyla. <i>Ruminococcus</i> decreased (ROM = 0.643, 95% CI [0.426-0.972]; P = 0.0364), whereas the other taxa retained in the main analysis showed no statistically significant pooled effects. Moxibustion reduced TNF-α (SMD = -1.648, 95% CI [-2.659 to -0.637]; P = 0.0014) and IL-1β (SMD = -1.861, 95% CI [-2.419 to -1.303]; P < 0.0001), whereas IL-6 and IL-10 were not significantly altered. Clinical findings were sparse and directionally inconsistent. Certainty of evidence for the evaluable prespecified primary microbiota outcomes was very low. Three studies further suggested potential modulation of short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolism, and microbial functional pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preclinical evidence indicates that moxibustion is associated with increased microbial richness and diversity and reduced selected pro-inflammatory mediators, while taxon-specific responses are highly heterogeneous and clinical confirmation remains insufficient.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42025639714.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1890021"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota and serum metabolomics in children with human parainfluenza virus infection.","authors":"Xinghan Ren, Zhuoying Liu, Liuxuan Huang, Xiaotong Lai, Binyu Wu, Tianyu Bai, Xinyue Shen, Weijian Liang, Zhongting Dai, Huanqiong Li, Rong Zhou, Tiantian Liu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1941674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1941674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Based on gut microbiota and serum untargeted metabolomics analyses, this study investigated changes in gut microbiota structure and serum metabolic profiles in children infected with human parainfluenza virus (HPIV). By integrating multi-omics data, we aimed to explore interactions between gut dysbiosis and serum metabolic disorders, and their potential roles in HPIV pathogenesis, to provide preliminary evidence for microbiota--targeted and metabolic intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data and laboratory results were collected from 230 hospitalized children (<14 years) with HPIV infection. Subsequently, 31 HPIV-infected children and 12 healthy controls were enrolled. Fecal samples were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and serum samples via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics, followed by integrated multi-omics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with severe HPIV infection had longer hospital stays and higher frequencies of wheezing, tachypnea, dyspnea, and vomiting. HPIV infection was associated with gut dysbiosis: opportunistic pathogens (<i>Anaerococcus</i>, <i>Peptoniphilus</i>, <i>Finegoldia</i>) were enriched, while beneficial commensals (<i>Blautia</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium</i>) were reduced. Metabolomics identified 579 upregulated and 211 downregulated metabolites, primarily enriched in alpha-linolenic acid, butanoate, glycerophospholipid, starch/sucrose, and glycine/serine/threonine metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis showed that enriched opportunistic pathogens positively correlated with pro-inflammatory lipids (e.g., acetoacetic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid) and negatively with protective metabolites (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid, sucrose, L-threonine), while <i>Blautia</i> showed opposite patterns. The four key genera and five metabolites demonstrated exploratory discriminatory capacity for HPIV infection (AUC: 0.81 and 0.98, respectively), serving as candidate biomarkers for further validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPIV infection may be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and serum metabolic disturbances in children, potentially via the gut-lung axis, and these alterations may be involved in modulating pulmonary antiviral immune and inflammatory responses. This multi-omics study provides preliminary evidence for future research on prevention and treatment strategies targeting the gut microbiota or metabolic pathways in children with HPIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1941674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Harnessing the gut microbiome to combat tuberculosis: a technological and clinical review.","authors":"Weiguo Sun, Meng Xiao, Syed Luqman Ali, Chanyuan Jin, Asifullah Khan, Shakirullah, Ruizi Ni, Yajing An, Mingming Zhang, Yuan Tian, Shradha Kaushik, Yuhang Zhang, Wenping Gong","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1961302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1961302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1847443.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1961302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic modulation of the neonatal gut-lung axis in the regulation of early respiratory function.","authors":"Lina Geng, Kemei Wu, Jiao He, Lifen Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1900060","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1900060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The gut -lung axis represents bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems that contributes to immune regulation and inflammatory homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic-conditioned media (PCM) and live probiotics on epithelial barrier function, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function using Caco-2 intestinal epithelial and A549 pulmonary epithelial cell models under inflammatory conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cells were treated with 20% PCM or live probiotics at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50:1 and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL) or TNF-α (10 ng/mL). Barrier integrity was evaluated using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran permeability assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), inflammatory and tight junction gene expression, and SCFA concentrations were assessed using DCFH-DA staining, JC-1 staining, qPCR, and GC-MS, respectively. All experiments comprised three independent biological replicates (n=3), with data presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple-comparison test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Probiotic treatment increased TEER from 318 ± 21 Ω·cm² with LPS to 468 ± 23 Ω·cm² with 20% PCM and reduced ROS from 198 ± 12% to 118 ± 8%. Live probiotics produced comparable responses, restoring TEER to 482 ± 20 Ω·cm² and reducing ROS to 115 ± 7% in Caco-2 cells. ΔΨm increased from 0.82 ± 0.08 with LPS to 1.52 ± 0.11 with PCM. Acetate and butyrate concentrations increased to 6.8 ± 0.5 and 1.5 ± 0.2 mM, respectively. SCFA analysis showed increased acetate (6.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 mM) and butyrate (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1 mM) in the 20% PCM group compared with the control condition (p<0.01). Compared with the LPS-treated inflammatory condition, probiotic treatment reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α by approximately 50%, while IL-10 expression increased to 1.8 ± 0.2-fold (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Collectively, probiotics and PCM supported epithelial protection by improving barrier integrity and attenuating inflammatory and oxidative responses, with increased SCFA production representing a potential contributing mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1900060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological microbial niches in diabetic foot ulcers: a host-microbe framework for impaired repair and niche-based stratification.","authors":"Min Leng, Zairong Wei","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926191","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are commonly described through the clinical triad of hyperglycaemia, ischaemia and infection. That language is useful for bedside decision-making, but it does not fully explain why some wounds remain inflamed and open despite debridement, offloading, antimicrobial therapy, vascular assessment and modern wound care. Here we develop a conceptual review framework in which many non-healing DFUs are interpreted as pathological microbial niches: local tissue regions where microbial persistence and host repair failure reinforce each other. Hyperglycaemia, impaired perfusion, hypoxia, neuropathic pressure injury, necrotic material and extracellular matrix degradation generate ecological space for microbial survival. Microbial products, biofilm-like spatial organisation, strain-level traits, fungi and polymicrobial interactions then amplify neutrophil extracellular traps, inflammasome signalling, protease release, fibroblast dysfunction, endothelial impairment and defective re-epithelialisation. The result is not a linear sequence from colonisation to infection to inflammation, but a self-reinforcing loop in which microbial adaptation and host non-healing programs become difficult to separate. We summarise evidence from chronic wound microbiome studies, biofilm histology, strain-level and fungal analyses, host transcriptomics, single-cell data and emerging spatial omics, while emphasising the boundaries of each evidence type. The central question is not whether microbes can be detected in DFU tissue, but whether they are viable, metabolically active, spatially organised and positioned close enough to host cells to alter repair behaviour. We propose an operational definition of the pathological microbial niche and a translational scheme for biofilm-dominant, ischaemia-dominant, protease-dominant, senescence-dominant and immune-resolution-failure wound patterns. This framing may help move DFU microbiome research from descriptive association toward mechanism-based stratification and more rational combinations of source control, vascular optimisation, antimicrobial therapy and repair-directed treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1926191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal microbiota and functional prediction along the progression of cervical lesions in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Yanjia Liu, Cailing Ma, Lijuan Quan, Yan Li, Yanling Zhou, Renqi Zhang, Lipeng Zhang, Yinawati Tuerxun","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1911664","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1911664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the changes in vaginal microbiota in postmenopausal women from Xinjiang, China, with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, and cervical cancer (CC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled healthy postmenopausal women (HC group, n=25), postmenopausal women with high-risk HPV infection (HPV group, n=25), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL group, n=25), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL group, n=25), and cervical cancer (CC group, n=25). DNA was extracted from vaginal secretions, and full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the Nanopore platform. The EasyAmplicon 2 pipeline was used for sequence processing and taxonomic annotation, PICRUSt2 was used for functional prediction, and R software was used for vaginal microbiota diversity and statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among five groups of postmenopausal women, Shannon and Simpson alpha diversity indices were comparable, whereas Chao1/ACE richness differed significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.05). PERMANOVA showed no ASV-level beta diversity separation, with significant phylum-level divergence (R² = 0.105, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <i>Lactobacillus iners</i> dominated all samples but decreased in CC, alongside elevated opportunistic pathogens. LEfSe screened group-specific taxa: <i>L. johnsonii</i> (HC), <i>Dialister pneumosintes</i> (LSIL), <i>Candidatus Saccharibacteria</i> (HSIL), and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp./<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (CC). HC vs CC contained the most DABs (35), and LSIL vs HSIL the fewest (13). Co-occurrence network complexity peaked in LSIL/HSIL (41 correlated pairs) and declined in CC (28 pairs). Ninety-two differential KEGG pathways were identified, with 60 enriched in LSIL. <i>L. iners</i> displayed dual correlations with diverse metabolic pathways, indicating comprehensive remodeling of vaginal microbiota structure, interactions and functions across progressive cervical lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaginal microbiota undergoes progressive dysbiosis during the progression from high-risk HPV infection to CC in postmenopausal women. Distinct microbial alterations are observed at each disease stage, with substantial functional remodeling occurring at the LSIL stage. These findings provide a reference for early intervention and research on microbial biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1911664"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China.","authors":"Zhuqing Xue, Ziyu Liu, Xueliang Jiang, Qilin Wang, Runlai Cao, Yacong Li, Weiyang Wang, Peiwen Liu, Xiaorui Zhang, Cheng Chang, Hailong Huang, Xiaoxu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea in sika deer fawns is a multifactorial disease that severely affects the development of deer farming in China. In the present study, we focused on <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> isolates recovered from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces from 2022 to 2024. A total of 75 <i>P. mirabilis</i> isolates were identified using colony morphology and Gram staining together with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, type-strain-inclusive phylogenetic analysis, and atpD gene-targeted PCR as a supplementary molecular assay. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method, and biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet staining. The pathogenic potential of representative isolates was further assessed using murine oral gavage and intraperitoneal challenge models, followed by observation of clinical signs and histopathological examination of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. The isolates carried multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes, and showed moderate to strong biofilm-forming capacity. Oral gavage with representative isolates induced obvious diarrhea in mice within two days, while intraperitoneal challenge caused clinical signs, mortality, and histopathological lesions in multiple organs. Whole-genome sequencing of the principal challenge strain Y24N1546 yielded a single circular chromosome of 4,073,229 bp. Genome-wide comparison with the <i>P. mirabilis</i> type strain ATCC 29906^T yielded an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98.94% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 93.4%; independent TYGS analysis also assigned Y24N1546 to <i>P. mirabilis</i>. Overall, these findings support <i>P. mirabilis</i> as an important bacterial pathogen associated with diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China. Because fawn diarrhea is multifactorial, the etiological contribution of <i>P. mirabilis</i> should be interpreted together with other host, environmental, and management-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1866786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}