Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The dynamic etiology and epidemiological patterns of acute respiratory tract infections during and post non-pharmacological interventions of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzhen, China: a two years' prospective cohort study from June 2022.","authors":"Guohao Fan, Qi Qian, Yimin Tang, Jiexiang Liu, Liuqing Yang, Yun Peng, Yuanlong Lin, Guanyong Ou, Yanling Luo, Chenguang Shen, Yang Yang, Yingxia Liu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1599536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1599536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rigorous non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak posed a deep impact on the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). We aimed to elucidate the changing patterns during and post NPIs of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzhen, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4610 outpatients with ARTIs from the fever clinic of our hospital were enrolled between June 2022 and May 2024, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for twenty-five common respiratory pathogens using well-established RT-qPCR. The two year's period was further divided into three stages: Stage 1 with strict NPIs, Stage 2 with outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and Stage 3 with regular epidemic of SARS-CoV-2. Demographic and clinical data were also collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 57.05% (2630/4610) of patients were positive for at least one of tested respiratory pathogens, with top five pathogens of IAV (17.09%), <i>H.influenzae</i> (13.97%), SARS-CoV-2 (10.11%), IBV (7.38%) and HAdV (5.66%). Except for SARS-CoV-2, IAV and <i>H.influenzae</i> dominated the three stages, while the other pathogens varied. Meanwhile, positivity rates of most viral pathogens have increased post NPIs. Moreover, HAdV and <i>H.influenzae</i> infections were more frequently found in males. and higher overall rates of viral and bacterial infections were found in both children and the elderly. Notably, the results indicate a higher positivity rate in summer and autumn, with the lowest rate observed in winter. The overall co-infection rate was 24.62%, and the most frequent co-infections were between IAV, SARS-CoV-2, HAdV and <i>H.influenzae</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the etiology and epidemiological patterns of ARTIs during and post NPIs of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzhen have changed overtime, and sex, age and seasonal patterns were also found. The findings could provide useful information for the public health measures and the clinical management of respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1599536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly divergent sample from a nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 lineage in a patient with long-term COVID-19.","authors":"Elena Nabieva, Galya V Klink, Andrey B Komissarov, Stanislav V Zaitsev, Maria Sergeeva, Artem V Fadeev, Kseniya Komissarova, Anna Ivanova, Maria Pisareva, Kira Kudrya, Daria Danilenko, Dmitry Lioznov, Ryan Hisner, Federico Gueli, Thomas P Peacock, Cornelius Roemer, Georgii A Bazykin","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1623390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1623390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although COVID-19 is primarily an acute disease, there are cases of persistent infection, primarily in immunocompromised patients. It is hypothesized that at least some variants of concern (VOCs) have arisen in such persistent cases, with the virus \"spilling over\" into the general population after accumulating intra-host mutations. Additionally, a growing body of evidence hints at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a reservoir of long-term infection, at least in some cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report the genomic analysis of a highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 sample obtained in October 2022 from an HIV+ patient with presumably long-term COVID-19 infection. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the sample is characterized by a gain of 89 mutations since divergence from its nearest sequenced neighbor, which had been collected in September 2020 and belongs to the B.1.1 lineage, largely extinct by 2022. Of these mutations, 33 were nonsynonymous and occurred in the Spike protein. Of these, 17 are lineage-defining in some VOCs or are at sites where another mutation is lineage-defining in a VOC, and/or have been shown to be involved in antibody evasion, and/or have been detected in other cases of persistent COVID-19; these include some \"usual suspects,\" such as Spike:L452R, E484Q, K417T, Y453F, and N460K. Molecular clock analysis indicates that mutations in this lineage accumulated at an increased rate compared with the ancestral B.1.1 strain. This increase is driven by the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations, with an average dN/dS value of 2.2, indicating strong positive selection during within-patient evolution. Additionally, the presence of mutations that are rare in the general population samples but common in samples from wastewater suggests that the virus had persisted for at least some time in the GI tract.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis adds to the growing body of evidence that the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in chronically infected patients can be a major source of novel epidemiologically important variants and points to the potential role of the GI tract in long-term infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1623390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of probiotics intervention on reconstruction of intestinal flora and improvement of quality of life in patients after endometrial cancer surgery.","authors":"Wei Chen, Xiao Chen, Yi Fang, Yang Sun, Yibin Lin","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1670836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1670836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to comprehensively assess the impact of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota composition and quality of life in endometrial cancer (EC) patients, offering clinical insights supported by empirical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI, covering literature up to mid-2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating probiotic administration in EC surgery patients were selected. Key evaluation metrics encompassed gut microbial diversity indices, shifts in specific bacterial populations, quality of life assessments, gastrointestinal symptom severity, and immune response indicators. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis incorporated 18 RCTs with a total of 1,246 participants. Findings revealed that probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced α-diversity (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, p < 0.001) and increased the prevalence of beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacterium (SMD = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78-1.46, p < 0.001) and Lactobacillus (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.65-1.21, p < 0.001). Conversely, opportunistic pathogens like Bacteroidetes exhibited reduced abundance (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.26, p < 0.001). Clinically, probiotic use led to notable improvements in overall quality of life (MD = 8.74, 95% CI: 5.12-12.36, p < 0.001) and alleviated gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32-0.63, p < 0.001) and constipation (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.78, p < 0.001). Additionally, inflammatory markers, including IL-6 (SMD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47, p < 0.001) and TNF-α (SMD = -0.64, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.35, p < 0.001), were significantly lowered. Subgroup analyses indicated superior efficacy with multi-strain formulations, higher dosages (≥10¹⁰ CFU/day), and extended treatment durations (≥8 weeks).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence supports the beneficial role of probiotics in restoring gut microbiota balance, enhancing patient well-being, mitigating digestive complications, and reducing systemic inflammation following EC surgery. Further high-quality research is warranted to refine optimal probiotic strains, dosing strategies, and intervention timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1670836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adaptability of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilm in oxygen-limited environments.","authors":"Ling Ren, Yang Yuan, Khaled Farea, Xu Feng, Jia He, Yi Liu, Bowen Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1655335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1655335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under oxygen-limited conditions, the adaptability and underlying mechanisms of bacterial biofilms have become key areas of interest in microbiology and clinical infection research. Within biofilms-composed of bacterial communities and extracellular matrix-an oxygen gradient commonly forms, resulting in hypoxic or even anoxic microenvironments. Such conditions substantially increase biofilm antibiotic resistance and facilitate the persistence of chronic infections. This review systematically summarizes the adaptive strategies employed by biofilms in hypoxic environments, including anaerobic metabolism, phenazine-mediated electron shuttling, and virulence factor regulation. These adaptive responses are governed by genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, quorum sensing systems, and the secondary messenger 3,5-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), which collectively influence biofilm formation. Key transcriptional regulators such as Anr and Dnr, the two-component system NarXL, along with specific functional genes, form an intricate regulatory network. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the adaptive mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms under oxygen-limited conditions, providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel anti-infective therapies, targeting the biofilm infection microenvironment in cystic fibrosis and chronic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1655335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes M1 alveolar macrophage polarization in acute lung injury by up-regulating DNMT1 to mediate the microRNA-124/PELI1/IRF5 axis.","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1705838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1705838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.693981.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1705838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for distinction and diagnosis of <i>Mucorales</i> infection and colonization.","authors":"Xiaoli Zhou, Chenxi Yang, Xin Liu, Jiaqiang Wang, Yanqiao Li, Lingai Pan, Shengkun Peng, Hua Yu, Xiren Deng","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1631960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1631960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a lethal fungal infection disease with high mortality rate. However, investigations assessing the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for distinguishing <i>Mucorales</i> infection from colonization are currently insufficient. A retrospective analysis of clinical date from 71 patients at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2024 was conducted. The performance of mNGS in distinguishing <i>Mucorales</i> infection from colonization, along with the differences in patients' characteristics, imaging characteristics, antimicrobial adjustment, and microbiota, were examined. Among the 71 patients, 51 were identified as <i>Mucorales</i> infection group (3 proven and 48 probable cases), and 20 were colonization group (possible cases). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for mNGS indicated an area under the curve of 0.7662 (95%CI: 0.6564-0.8759), with an optimal threshold value of 51 for discriminating <i>Mucorales</i> infection from colonization. The infection group exhibited a higher proportion of antimicrobial adjustments compared to the colonization group (64.71% <i>vs</i>. 35.00%, <i>P</i> < 0.05), with antifungal agent changed being more dominant (43.14% <i>vs</i>. 10.00%, <i>P</i> < 0.01). <i>Mucorales</i> RPTM value, length of hospital stays, hsCRP, immunocompromised, malignant blood tumor, and antifungal changed were significantly positively correlated with <i>Mucorales</i> infection. <i>Rhizomucor pusillus</i> showed significant differences between the two groups. The abundance of <i>Torque teno virus</i> significantly increased in the infection group, whereas the colonization group exhibited higher abundance of <i>Rhizomucor delemar</i>. mNGS is a valuable tool for differentiating colonization from infection of <i>Mucorales</i>. Malignant blood tumor, immunocompromised, length of hospital stays and hsCRP were significant different indicators between patients with <i>Mucorales</i> infection from colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1631960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application value of targeted next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of primary osteoarticular infections: A single-center study.","authors":"Zhengyong Tao, Mengqi Zhu, Jiandang Shi, Zongqiang Yang, NingKui Niu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1593228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1593228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in primary osteoarticular infections (POI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-seven patients diagnosed with POI at the Bone Infection Ward of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital between September 2023 and September 2024 were enrolled, including cases of tuberculous osteoarticular infection (35 cases), Brucella-related osteoarticular infection (21 cases), and pyogenic osteoarticular infection (31 cases). Using bacterial culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assay, Brucella agglutination test, and histopathological examination as reference standards, the diagnostic value of tNGS in pathogen identification and resistance gene analysis was systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had complete follow-up data. The cohort comprised 87 POI patients (mean age: 55.36 ± 17.24 years; male-to-female ratio: 1.35:1). tNGS demonstrated significantly higher overall sensitivity than conventional bacterial culture (85.0% <i>vs</i>. 31.0%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). For resistance profiling, tNGS identified <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid (2 cases), rifampicin (2 cases), ethambutol (1 case), pyrazinamide (5 cases), and streptomycin (1 case). Additionally, one fluoroquinolone resistance gene and one extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogen were detected. Notably, one multidrug-resistant (MDR) case harbored mutations conferring resistance to five anti-tuberculosis agents. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that tNGS exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy for tuberculous osteoarticular infections (AUC = 0.926), Brucella-related osteoarticular infections (AUC = 0.891), and pyogenic osteoarticular infections (AUC = 0.912), outperforming Xpert MTB/RIF (0.814), Brucella agglutination test (0.832), bacterial culture (0.652), and histopathology (0.704) (all <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>tNGS enables simultaneous pathogen identification and resistance gene detection with high efficiency, broad coverage, and accuracy, demonstrating significant advantages in POI diagnosis. This technology holds critical value in guiding optimized antimicrobial therapy and is recommended as a first-line molecular diagnostic tool for POI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1593228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding human papilloma virus infection and vaccine: cross-sectional study from Jordan.","authors":"Hana Taha, Taher Alhawamdeh, Sireen M Alkhaldi, Rania Ali Albsoul, Abdallah Al-Ani, Suhib Awamleh, Amin Y Al-Maayeh, Arwa Qaqish, Ameen Mahmoud, Diana Abu-Surrah, Vanja Berggren","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1657090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1657090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As of the present moment, Jordan is yet to incorporate cervical cancer screening in its cancer control program nor advocates for vaccines. This paper aims to examines the perceptions and attitudes of medical students towards HPV and its vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-examination of HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake among medical students across the period between January and March 2024. Participants completed a questionnaire developed and validated by the existing literature. The questionnaire was composed of 4 domains pertaining to sociodemographic, knowledge of HPV, knowledge of HPV vaccine, and attitudes. Medical students were conveniently sampled from Jordan's six public medical schools. Predictors to self-vaccinate, recommending vaccination to friends/family, and recommending vaccination to patients were examined using a binary logistic regression model. All analyses were conducted on R version (4.3.3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 473 medical students were included in the final analysis. On a scale of 12 and 8, mean HPV and vaccine knowledge scores were 5.4 ± 3.1 and 2.9 ± 1.9, respectively. Knowledge of HPV and its vaccine were significantly higher among females, students in their clinical years, and those with self-perceived understanding of HPV (all p <0.05). Intention to self-vaccinate against HPV was predicted by higher HPV and vaccine knowledge scores. Male participants were significantly less likely to self-vaccinate compared to females (OR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.40 - 0.91). Similarly, higher HPV and vaccine knowledge scores were associated a higher likelihood to recommend the vaccine to family or patients. On the other hand, male participants were significantly less likely to recommend the vaccine to patients compared to their female counterparts (OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.40 - 0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study implies that the overall awareness and attitudes regarding HPV and its vaccine is alarmingly poor among medical students. Moreover, there exists a gender difference in the knowledge and attitudes favoring females. Concerned policy makers and institutions should strive to improve vaccine awareness and uptake through informational, behavioral, and environmental interventions. Moreover, medical students should be well equipped to tackle HPV vaccine hesitancy through curricular reforms, targeted training, and increased exposure to public vaccine promotional efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1657090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of vancomycin versus linezolid for the treatment of central nervous system infections: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Liujun Zhou, Qihui Yao, Zecheng Wang, Lingyan Yu, Zhenwei Yu, Yuhua Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1668983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1668983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study conducted a meta-analysis comparing vancomycin and linezolid for treating central nervous system (CNS) infections, addressing the lack of comprehensive evaluations in existing research on antibiotic therapy for CNS infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched databases, including the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Chinese databases, up to April 22, 2025. All eligible randomized controlled trials and cohort studies of vancomycin or linezolid were included. The clinical success rate was the primary outcome of interest. The secondary outcomes of interest were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters, systemic inflammatory markers and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the study quality (NOS/ROB 2.0). The meta-analysis employed random/fixed-effects models to calculate pooled dichotomous outcomes (ORs) and continuous outcomes (SMDs) with 95% CIs via RevMan 5.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included 17 studies (6 head-to-head). Clinical cure rates were not significantly different between vancomycin (84.7%, 222/262) and linezolid (79.7%, 200/251), with a pooled OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 0.55-2.99; p =0.56), while substantial heterogeneity existed (I² = 58%). The secondary outcomes showed no differences but suffered extreme heterogeneity (I² >90%). Safety analysis revealed a significantly greater ADR with vancomycin (21.0% vs. 15.1%; OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.65; p = 0.05) with low heterogeneity (I² = 15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vancomycin and linezolid have similar effectiveness in CNS infection from current available evidences, but vancomycin is associated with a greater risk of ADR. Treatment selection should be based on patients' individual characteristics, such as risk of thrombocytopenia, renal function, and availability of therapeutic drug monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1668983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the alteration of vaginal microbiota and metabolites in pregnant woman with preterm delivery: prospective cohort study.","authors":"Lihua Wang, Jun Zhang, Mengjun Zhang, Zhimin Xu, Yijing Zheng, Bingqing Lv, Mian Pan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1580801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1580801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disruptions in vaginal microbiota and metabolites during pregnancy may be the most important risk factor for preterm delivery, thus the difference in vaginal microbiota and metabolites between women who subsequently delivered at term and who eventually experienced preterm birth. In this study, 63 participants were enrolled before the cervical cerclage surgery (namely pre-cerclage), comprising women who subsequently delivered at term and who eventually experienced preterm birth. The cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF) was collected two days prior to the cervical cerclage surgery. Compared with the term birth groups (PrTG), the proportion of beneficial bacteria (<i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Trichococcus</i>, <i>Neisseria</i> and <i>Gemella</i>) in the preterm birth group (PrPG) were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the proportion of harmful bacteria (<i>Thauera</i>, <i>Ochrobactrum</i>, <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Massilia</i>, <i>Phyllobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Atopobium</i>) were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, vaginal metabolomics-based LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS revealed that the contents of 2-Piperidone, Melphalan, N-acetylputrescine, Obatoclax, Eurostoside, Pregnanediol 3-O-glucuronide, O-Phospho-L-serine, 1-Kestose and N-arachidonylglycine were significantly decreased in the PrPG group compared with the PrTG group, while Acenocoumarol, Isopyrazam, Pentosidine, hexose, 7-Hydroxymitragynine, PE, Tamoxifen and 1-Deoxynojirimycin contents were significantly increased. These results suggest that specific bacterial species and metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for preterm birth prediction, and approve the theoretical basis for the intervention of preterm birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1580801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}