Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of four potent entomopathogenic fungal isolates on the survival and performance of Telenomus remus, an egg parasitoid of fall armyworm","authors":"Junitor Chepkemoi, Ken Okwae Fening, Felicitas Chaba Ambele, Joseph Munywoki, Komivi Senyo Akutse","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1445156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1445156","url":null,"abstract":"Fall armyworm (FAW), <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda</jats:italic> is a generalist pest known to feed on more than 300 plant species, including major staple crops such as rice, maize and sorghum. Biological control of FAW using a combination of a major indigenous egg parasitoid <jats:italic>Telenomus remus</jats:italic> and entomopathogenic fungi was explored in this study. <jats:italic>Metarhizium anisopliae</jats:italic> strains (ICIPE 7, ICIPE 41, and ICIPE 78) and <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana</jats:italic> ICIPE 621 which demonstrated effectiveness to combat the pest, were evaluated through direct and indirect fungal infection to assess their pathogenicity and virulence against <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> adults, <jats:italic>S. frugiperda</jats:italic> eggs and their effects on <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> parasitism rates. <jats:italic>Metarhizium anisopliae</jats:italic> ICIPE 7 and ICIPE 78 exhibited the highest virulence against <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> adults with LT<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values &amp;gt;2 days. ICIPE 7 induced the highest <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> mortality rate (81.40 ± 4.17%) following direct infection with dry conidia. Direct fungal infection also had a significant impact on parasitoid emergence, with the highest emergence rate recorded in the <jats:italic>M. anisopliae</jats:italic> ICIPE 7 treatment (42.50 ± 5.55%), compared to the control ± (83.25 ± 5.94%). In the indirect infection, the highest concentration of 1 x 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup> conidia ml<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> of ICIPE 78 induced the highest mortality (100 ± 0.00%) of <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> adults, and the highest mortality (51.25%) of FAW eggs, whereas the least FAW egg mortality (15.25%) was recorded in the lowest concentration 1 x 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> conidia ml<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> of ICIPE 41. The number of parasitoids that emerged and their sex ratios were not affected by the different fungal strain concentrations except in ICIPE 7 at high dose. This study showed that potential combination of both <jats:italic>M. anisopliae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. bassiana</jats:italic> with <jats:italic>T. remus</jats:italic> parasitoid can effectively suppress FAW populations.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing NGS-Based identification of bloodstream infections to traditional culture methods for enhanced ICU care: a comprehensive study","authors":"Wei Wang, Varun Chauhan, Yutian Luo, Sonu Sharma, Chenxi Li, Huaisheng Chen","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1454549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1454549","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAccurate identification of infectious diseases using molecular techniques, such as PCR and NGS, is well-established. This study aims to assess the utility of Bactfast and Fungifast in diagnosing bloodstream infections in ICU settings, comparing them against traditional culture methods. The objectives include evaluating sensitivity and specificity and identifying a wide range of pathogens, including non-culturable species.MethodsWe collected 500 non-duplicate blood samples from ICU patients between January 2023 and December 2023. Specimens underwent traditional culture, MALDI-TOF, VITEK<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>2 compact system, and NGS-based Bactfast and Fungifast analyses.ResultsOut of the 500 samples, 26.8% (n=134) showed bacterial growth via traditional culture methods, while 4.8% (n=24) were positive for fungal growth. MALDI-TOF and VITEK<jats:sup>®</jats:sup>2 compact system yielded comparable results, identifying 26.4% (n=132) of specimens with bacterial growth. NGS-based Bactfast detected bacterial presence in 38.2% (n=191) of samples, including non-culturable bacteria missed by traditional methods. However, NGS-based Fungifast showed concordant fungal detection rates with culture methods. Among identified pathogens by culture method included <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic> 20.89% (n=28), <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis</jats:italic> 18.65% (n=25), <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> 15.67% (n=21), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</jats:italic> 12.68% (n=17), <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii</jats:italic> 10.44% (n=14), various <jats:italic>Streptococcus</jats:italic> species 7.46% (n=10), <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</jats:italic> 6.71% (n=9), <jats:italic>Mycobacterium abscessus</jats:italic> 4.47% (n=6), and <jats:italic>Salmonella spp</jats:italic> 2.98% (n=4). Non-culture-based NGS identified additional (n=33) pathogens, including <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic> 27.27% (n=9), <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis</jats:italic> 21.21% (n=7), <jats:italic>Aerococcus viridans</jats:italic> 15.15% (n=5), <jats:italic>Elizabethkingia anopheles</jats:italic> 12.12% (n=4), <jats:italic>Aeromonas salmonicida</jats:italic> 9% (n=3), <jats:italic>Clostridium</jats:italic> 9% (n=3), and <jats:italic>Bacteroides vulgatus</jats:italic> 6% (n=2). <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic> was reported in 5% (n=24) of samples by both methods.ConclusionNGS-based Bactfast and Fungifast demonstrate high sensitivity in identifying a wide array of bacterial and fungal pathogens in ICU patients, outperforming traditional culture methods in detecting non-culturable organisms. These molecular assays offer rapid and comprehensive diagnostic capabilities, potentially improving clinical outcomes through timely and accurate pathogen identification.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific cell subclusters of dental pulp stem cells respond to distinct pathogens through the ROS pathway","authors":"Tiansong Xu, Yangjia Liu, Wen Zhang, Murong Li, Liqi Zhang, Xueying Li, Yifei Zhang, Lin Yue, Sha Li, Ye Lin, Xiaoying Zou, Feng Chen","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1452124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1452124","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMicrobial pathogens invade various human organs, including the oral cavity. <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic> (C.a) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans</jats:italic> (S.m) served respectively as representative oral pathogenic fungi and bacteria to stimulate dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and to screen the DPSC subcluster that specifically responded to fungal infection.MethodsDPSCs were obtained from the impacted third molars of six healthy subjects. Then, cells were mixed and divided into three samples, two of which were stimulated with C.a and S.m, respectively; the third sample was exposed to cell medium only (Ctrl). Single-cell mRNA sequencing analysis of treated DPSCs was performed.ResultsDPSCs were composed of four major clusters of which one, DPSC.7, exhibited unique changes compared to those of other subclusters. The DPSC.7 cell percentage of the C.a sample was twice those of the Ctrl and S.m samples. DPSC.7 cells expressed genes associated with the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. DPSC.7 subgroup cells established characteristic aggregation under the stimulation of different pathogens in UMAP. The MAPK/ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways were up-regulated, <jats:italic>DUSP1/5/6</jats:italic> expressions were suppressed, FOS synthesis was activated, the immune-related pathway was induced, and the levels of cytokines, including <jats:italic>IL-6</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CCL2</jats:italic>, were up-regulated in DPSC.7 cells when stimulated with C.a.ConclusionsOur study analyzed the cellular and molecular properties of DPSCs infected by oral fungi and bacteria with single-cell RNA sequencing. A subcluster of DPSCs responded specifically to infections with different pathogens, activating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways to induce immune responses <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the ROS pathway. This suggests novel treatment strategies for fungal infections.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic landscape of ESBL producing international clone ST410 of Escherichia coli from pediatric infections in Shenzhen, China","authors":"Sandip Patil, Liu Pai, Hongyu Chen, Yunsheng Chen, Li Xinye, Shaowei Dong, Sanket Kaushik, Bruno Silvester Lopes, Xiaowen Chen, Sixi Liu, Feiqiu Wen","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1403234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1403234","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe emergence of ESBLs producing cephalosporin-resistant <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> isolates poses a threat to public health. This study aims to decipher the genetic landscape and gain insights into ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> strains belonging to the high-risk clone ST410 from pediatric patients.Methods29 <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> ST410 isolates were collected from young children and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), serotype analysis, MLST, ESBL genes, virulence genes, and plasmid profiling.ResultsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated a high level of resistance to cephalosporins followed by aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, carbapenem and penicillin group of antibiotics. However, n=20/29 shows MDR phenotype. Phylogenetic group B2 (n=15) dominated, followed by group D (n=7), group A (n=4), and group B1 (n=3). Serotyping analysis identified O1:H7 (n=8), O2:H1 (n=6), O8:H4 (n=5), O16:H5 (n=4), and O25:H4 (n=3). Other serotypes identified included O6:H1, O15:H5, and O18:H7 (n=1 each). The most commonly detected ESBL genes were <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M</jats:sub>, (n=26), followed by <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM</jats:sub> (n=23), and <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>SHV</jats:sub> (n=18). Additionally, <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-1</jats:sub> (n=10), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-48</jats:sub> (n=5), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>KPC-2</jats:sub> (n=3), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>KPC-3</jats:sub> (n=2), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-1</jats:sub> (n=4), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-5</jats:sub> (n=1), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>GES-1</jats:sub> (n=2), <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>GES-5</jats:sub> (n=1), and <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CYM-1</jats:sub> (n=3). Notable virulence genes identified within the ST410 isolates included <jats:italic>fimH</jats:italic> (n=29), <jats:italic>papC</jats:italic> (n=24), <jats:italic>hlyA</jats:italic> (n=22), and <jats:italic>cnf1</jats:italic> (n=18), among others. Diverse plasmids were observed including IncFIS, IncX4, IncFIA, IncCol, IncI2 and IncFIC with transmission frequency ranges from 1.3X10<jats:sup>-2</jats:sup> to 2.7X10<jats:sup>-3</jats:sup>.ConclusionThe ST410 clone exhibited a complex resistance profile, diverse serotypes, the presence of specific resistance genes (ESBL genes), virulence gene repertoire, and diverse plasmids. The <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M</jats:sub> was the most prevalent ESBL gene detected.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic treatment on patients and animals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials","authors":"Ziying Su, Chenxi Ma, Xiaosong Ru, Sijia Zhang, Chuyi Wu, Yue Huang, Huijie Cen, Zihui Yin, Jianping Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411222","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveIn recent years, the lung-gut axis has received increasing attention. The oxidative stress and systemic hypoxia occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are related to gut dysfunction. That suggests probiotics have a potential therapeutic role in COPD. In this study, we therefore evaluated the ameliorative effects of probiotics on COPD.MethodsSearches were conducted in four electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, the NIH clinical registry Clinical Trials. Gov and EMBASE. The data extracted was analyzed statistically in this study using StataMP17 software, with mean difference (MD) chosen as the effect size for continuous variables, and the results expressed as effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) was used if the data units were different.ResultsWe included three randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trials and five randomized controlled animal studies. The results show that for lung function, probiotics improved %FEV1 in COPD patients (MD = 3.02, 95%CI: 1.10, 4.93). Additionally, in inflammation, probiotics increased IL-10 (SMD = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.02, 2.96) and decreased inflammatory markers such as TNF-α (SMD= -2.64, 95%Cl: -3.38, -1.90), IL-1β (SMD= -3.49, 95%Cl: -4.58, -2.40), and IL-6 (SMD= -6.54, 95%Cl: -8.36, -4.73) in COPD animals, while having no significant effect on C-reactive protein (MD = 0.30, 95%CI: -0.71, 1.32) in COPD patients. For lung structure, probiotics significantly reduced the degree of pulmonary collagen fibers deposition in COPD animals (SMD = -2.25, 95%CI: -3.08, -1.41).ConclusionOverall, probiotics may be an additional approach that can improve COPD. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and impact factors of probiotics for COPD.Systematic Review Registration<jats:uri>https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-4-0023/</jats:uri>, identifier INPLASY202340023.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of a blaNDM-producing extensively drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 in Italy","authors":"Sofia Chiatamone Ranieri, Vittoria Fabbrizi, Ada Maria D’ Amario, Maria Giuseppina Frascella, Valeria Di Biase, Cinzia Di Francesco, Stefania Di Sante, Luigino De Berardis, Massimo De Martinis, Massimo Partenza, Alexandra Chiaverini, Gabriella Centorotola, Cesare Cammà, Francesco Pomilio, Alessandra Cornacchia","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1426817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1426817","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenemase-producing <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic> strains (CP-Kps) have recently been observed to spread rapidly worldwide. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing clones of <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)</jats:italic> cause a significant healthcare burden, particularly in Indian sub-continent, where this clone is circulating widely. However, in Italy, data on the incidence of these new clones is limited, and an ST437 NDM-producing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae</jats:italic> strain has not been reported to date. A sacral ulcer infection caused by a <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae</jats:italic> strain was identified in an 85-year-old Italian male patient with several comorbidities. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed an extensive resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials, including novel agents such as cefiderocol and ceftazidime/avibactam. Genomic analysis identified the pathogen as an ST437 <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae</jats:italic> strain harboring <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM-5</jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA-232</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla</jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M-15</jats:sub> genes. Following the identification of this first case, several infection control measures were implemented in healthcare settings, including direct precautions and reinforcement of standard cross-transmission control measures. The emergence of pathogenic microbial clones carrying new genetic determinants, particularly in a little city, requires prompt diagnosis and therapeutic protocols. An effective infection control system for the early detection and/or control of the transmission of NDM-producing <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae</jats:italic> is also needed. Further investigations are required to better understand the potential transmission routes and evolution of these clones.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the role of legionella effectors on host metabolic perturbations","authors":"Zhihao Wang, Lei Song, Jingai Che, Chunxiuli Li","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1458276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1458276","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Legionella</jats:italic> infection, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, represents a significant threat to human health. The pathogenesis of this infection is intricately linked to the complex interactions between the bacterium and its host, resulting in profound metabolic perturbations. Central to these metabolic shifts is the bacterium’s modulation of lipid metabolism, with changes in lipid synthesis and breakdown modifying membrane composition and function. These alterations can influence cellular signaling and immune responses, further contributing to disease progression. It also disrupts glucose utilization and lipid metabolism, altering cellular energy production and immune responses. Additionally, <jats:italic>Legionella</jats:italic> infection perturbs amino acid and protein metabolism, affecting protein synthesis and degradation, leading to changes in cellular functions and immune responses. This mini-review underscores the complexity of metabolic perturbations in <jats:italic>Legionella</jats:italic> infection and their significance in host-pathogen interactions. Understanding these metabolic shifts provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of Legionnaires’ disease and could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine mapping-based multi-omics analysis interprets the gut-lung axis function of SGLT2 inhibitors","authors":"Fengqin Yuan, Tianlong Zhang, Sixiang Jia, Jianqiang Zhao, Binbin Wan, Gang Liu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1447327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1447327","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundCurrently, Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrate additional effects beyond glucose control on the gut microbiota and circulating metabolites. The gut microbiota and metabolites have been found to be useful in elucidating potential biological mechanisms of pulmonary diseases. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbiota and metabolites mediating SGLT2 inhibition in 10 pulmonary diseases through Mendelian randomization (MR) research.MethodsWe conducted a two-sample, two-step MR study to assess the association between SGLT2 inhibition and 10 pulmonary diseases and to investigate the mediating effects of gut microbiota and metabolite. Gene-fine mapping and annotation of mediators by FUMA and Magma analyses were performed, and causal associations of mapped genes with diseases were assessed by muti-omics MR analyses. Possible side effects of SGLT2 inhibition were assessed by PheWAS analysis.ResultsSGLT2 inhibition was linked to a reduced risk of T2DM, Interstitial lung disease (ILD), Pneumoconiosis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, and Asthma(OR=0.457, 0.054, 0.002, 0.280, 0.706). The family Enterobacteriaceae and order Enterobacteriales were associated with SGLT2 inhibition and ILD(95% CI:0.079–0.138). The family Alcaligenaceae and X-12719 were linked to pneumoconiosis (95% CI: 0.042–0.120, 0.050–0.099). The genus Phascolarctobacterium was connected to pulmonary tuberculosis (95% CI: 0.236–0.703).The degree of unsaturation (Fatty Acids), ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids, and 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate 2, were associated with asthma(95% CI: 0.042–0.119, 0.039–0.101, 0.181–0.473). Furthermore, Fuma and Magma analyses identified target genes for the four diseases, and proteomic MR analysis revealed six overlapping target genes in asthma. PheWAS analysis also highlighted potential side effects of SGLT2 inhibition.ConclusionsThis comprehensive study strongly supports a multi-omics association between SGLT2 inhibition and reduced risk of interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, and asthma. Four identified gut microbiota, four metabolites, sixteen metabolic pathways, and six target genes appear to play a potential role in this association. The results of the comprehensive phenome-wide association analysis also identified the full effect of SGLT2 inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of goat poxvirus P32 protein and monoclonal antibody preparation","authors":"Ying Liu, Lei Wang, Xiaoyun Chen, Xin Ma, Chunsheng Yin, Chenghuai Yang, Bo Liu, Jige Du","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1427588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1427588","url":null,"abstract":"P32 protein serves as a crucial structural component of Goat pox virus (GTPV), which causes a highly virulent infectious disease in sheep and goats. Despite the fact that P32 has been widely expressed in the previous studies, it is difficult to obtain recombinant P32 efficiently. This study aimed to achieve soluble expression of P32 recombinant protein and to develop its specific monoclonal antibody. The gene fragment of P32Δ (GP32Δ) was synthesized by optimizing the coding sequence of amino acids 1-246 of the known goatpox P32 protein. Subsequently, GP32Δ was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector for expression and purification, resulting in the successful production of soluble recombinant protein rP32Δ. Utilizing rP32Δ, an indirect ELISA method was established by immunizing 6-week-old BALB/c mice with inactivated GTPV as the antigen. Through hybridoma technology, three monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell lines secreting anti-goat pox virus rP32Δ were screened, designated as 2F3, 3E8, and 4H5, respectively. These monoclonal antibodies, classified as IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, respectively, with κappa light chains, were characterized following ascites preparation and purification. Indirect ELISA results demonstrated that the ELISA potency of the three monoclonal antibodies exceeded 1:12800. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed specific reactivity of both 3E8 and 4H5 with rP32Δ, while immunofluorescence assays confirmed 3E8's ability to specifically recognize GTPV in cells. The preceding findings demonstrate the successful acquisition of the soluble expressed recombinant P32 protein and its specific monoclonal antibody 3E8 in this study, thereby laying a foundational material basis for the establishment of a GTPV detection method.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and rifampin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Yao Zhou, Ruiqing Shi, Liang Mu, Linlin Tian, Mengshan Zhou, Wenhan Lyu, Yaodong Chen","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1428827","url":null,"abstract":"The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in a growing resistance to drugs in <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</jats:italic>. The identification of antibiotic resistance genes holds considerable clinical significance for prompt diagnosis. In this study, we established and optimized a Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA) assay to detect two genes associated with drug resistance, <jats:italic>oprD</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>arr</jats:italic>, in 101 clinically collected <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa</jats:italic> isolates. Through screening for the detection or absence of <jats:italic>oprD</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>arr</jats:italic>, the results showed that there were 52 Imipenem-resistant <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa</jats:italic> (IRPA) strains and 23 Rifampin-resistant <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa</jats:italic> (RRPA) strains. This method demonstrated excellent detection performance even when the sample concentration is 10 copies/μL at isothermal conditions and the results could be obtained within 20 minutes. The detection results were in accordance with the results of conventional PCR and Real-time PCR. The detection outcomes of the <jats:italic>arr</jats:italic> gene were consistently with the resistance spectrum. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed that 65 strains were resistant to imipenem, while 49 strains sensitive to imipenem with <jats:italic>oprD</jats:italic> were identified. This discrepancy could be attributed to genetic mutations. In summary, the RAA has higher sensitivity, shorter time, and lower-cost instrument requirements than traditional detection methods. In addition, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the aforementioned drug-resistant strains, we conducted Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), virulence gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MLST analysis showed a strong correlation between the sequence types ST-1639, ST-639, ST-184 and IRPA, while ST-261 was the main subtype of RRPA. It was observed that these drug-resistant strains all possess five or more virulence genes, among which <jats:italic>exoS</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>exoU</jats:italic> do not coexist, and they are all multidrug-resistant strains. The non-coexistence of <jats:italic>exoU</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>exoS</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>P.aeruginosa</jats:italic> is related to various factors including bacterial regulatory mechanisms and pathogenic mechanisms. This indicates that the relationship between the presence of virulence genes and the severity of patient infection is worthy of attention. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and efficient RAA (Recombinase-Aided Amplification) detection method that offers significant advantages in terms of speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness (especially in time and equipment aspect). This novel approach is designed to meet the demands of clinical diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142198192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}