Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Xingnao Jiutan tablets modulate gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.","authors":"Yanyan Chen, Jing Zhang, Xiaoran Hou, Shijiao Cai, Jingyue Zhang, Yidan Gou, Hanxu Zhang, Yang Zhai, Hengjie Yuan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497563","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Xingnao Jiutan tablets (XNJT), a compound Chinese medicine, have been applied to the treatment of the sequelae of cerebral thrombosis or cerebral hemorrhage, transient cerebral ischemia, and central retinal vein obstruction, etc., but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This research focused on examining the impact of XNJT for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury, utilizing gut microbiota and metabolomic studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary components of XNJT were identified through the application of the HPLC technique. We established a MCAO/ R model in mice and conducted behavioral evaluations, cerebral blood flow measurements, and TTC staining. We used ELISA, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics techniques to detect inflammatory factors, microbial populations, and metabolites, respectively. Finally, we performed Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationships among gut microbiota and metabolites, comprehensively exploring the mechanisms of XNJT to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We discovered that XNJT effectively enhanced neurological performance, alleviated cerebral infarction, diminished neuronal cell death, and increased cerebral blood flow. Moreover, XNJT downregulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL-6, and IL-1b. Additionally, XNJT improved gut microbiota levels in MCAO/R mice, particularly <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Firmicutes, Escherichia-Shigella</i>, and <i>Ligilactobacillus</i>. Furthermore, XNJT primarily modulated differential metabolites in the gut through Glycerophospholipid, Linoleic acid, and Sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations among intestinal microbiota and various metabolites.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In summary, our findings suggest that XNJT can improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury outcomes, reduce inflammatory responses, and regulate gut microbiota and differential metabolites. It's possible that the potential mechanisms are connected to controlling gut microbiota and metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1497563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of nanopore-targeted sequencing for diagnosing and treating pulmonary infectious diseases from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.","authors":"Gen Li, He Sun, Yangqin Ye, Liqiong Chen, Wenyan Zhang, Shanshan Yu, Qiang Li, Lieying Fan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1469440","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1469440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional microbial testing (CMTs) for infectious pathogens faces challenges in rapid and comprehensive detection. Nanopore-targeted sequencing (NTS) is a novel approach for rapid identification of pathogens; however, clinical experience with the application of NTS is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the diagnostic value of NTS for detecting microbes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in patients with pulmonary infectious disease (PID, 137 cases), non-pulmonary infectious disease (NPID, 32 cases), or with an unknown etiology (11 cases). We performed a comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of NTS and CMTs in identifying pulmonary infectious diseases and investigated the clinical utility of NTS as a diagnostic tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NTS was significantly more sensitive than CMTs in detecting PID (86.13% vs 67.15%, P < 0.01), particularly for important specific pathogens. There were no significant differences between NTS and CMTs in terms of specificity, positive predictive value or negative predictive value. Moreover, NTS (not CMTs) detected 56 microorganisms consistent with clinical presentation, indicating that NTS can provide clinicians with additional support for infection diagnosis. Additionally, prior antibiotic exposure had no influence on the detection efficiency of NTS but significantly hindered that of CMTs. After antibiotic adjustments based on NTS findings, 87.76% of patients showed significant improvement, with a notable decrease in the level of inflammatory markers (CRP, NP, PCT, WBC) post-treatment. Furthermore, NTS can significantly shorten turnaround time and provide real-time results for rapid decision making.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NTS is more efficient than CMTs in diagnosing pulmonary infectious diseases, particularly in detecting critical or specific pathogens, providing faster and more accurate clinical information even for patients with prior antibiotic exposure. Moreover, NTS can assist clinicians in formulating more effective anti-infection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1469440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma cell-free DNA Droplet Digital PCR provides rapid and efficient infectious microbiology diagnosis for febrile haematological patients.","authors":"Ying Li, Jun Xiao, Lihui Xia, Xueqin Sun, Jia Li, Huili Bai","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1522426","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1522426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Febrile haematological patients are at high risk for potential bloodstream infections, the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel and ultra-sensitively molecular technique for the rapid detection of pathogens. We evaluated the ability of ddPCR to identify infectious etiologies to discuss the applicability of ddPCR in the diagnosis and treatment of infections for febrile haematological patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled and analyzed 89 ddPCR tests performed on 71 febrile haematological patients. We conducted a comparison between ddPCR results, blood culture (BC), and conventional microbiological testing (CMT). Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between ddPCR results and inflammatory factors, as well as their impact on antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DdPCR detected 113 pathogens in 72 plasma samples, while CMT identified 39 pathogens in 32 plasma samples. The detection rate of bacteria and viruses using ddPCR was significantly higher than that of CMT (p <0.0001). The turnaround time (TAT) for pathogenic diagnosis was significantly shorter with ddPCR compared to CMT (p <0.0001). When we used the CMT as reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of ddPCR were 93.8%, 26.3%, respectively. We observed a positive correlation between the ddPCR results and CRP, PCT and IL-6, and ddPCR (AUC=0.771) has better diagnostic performance. The anti-infective treatment strategies were adjusted for 30 patients based on the positive ddPCR results, with 86.7% (26/30) of these cases demonstrating effectiveness in the anti-infective treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DdPCR has the potential to enhance pathogen detection in febrile haematological patients by offering high sensitivity, rapid, precise results, it demonstrates better diagnostic performance compared to inflammatory factors and can contribute to the real-time clinical optimization of antimicrobial regimens, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-infective therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1522426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> isolates in Russia, 2015-2023: current trends and forecasting.","authors":"Ilya Kandinov, Boris Shaskolskiy, Dmitry Kravtsov, Anatoliy Larkin, Alexei Kubanov, Marina Shpilevaya, Julia Shagabieva, Nikita Nosov, Dmitry Gryadunov","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1526859","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1526859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of multidrug resistance in <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> is a serious global problem, and gonorrhea may soon become an incurable disease. The aim of the study was to characterize the <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> population in Russia from 2015 to 2023 and predict the potential spread of the most concerning clones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 996 N<i>. gonorrhoeae</i> isolates were examined during the analyzed period. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin susceptibility testing were performed using the agar dilution method. Microarray-based assays and sequencing were employed to identify the genotypes and genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were found in Russia, however, the number of isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone has increased to 22.6% in recent years. Since 2020, approximately 12.5% of isolates have exhibited resistance to azithromycin annually. Two clusters of isolates pose a particular threat to Russia: NG-MAST G2212, linked to MLST 1901/1902, carries a mosaic structure in the <i>penA</i> gene; G12302, linked to MLST 9363, contains mosaic alleles in the <i>mtrR</i> and <i>mtrD</i> genes. Additionally, two new high-risk genogroups were characterized: G18898 and G16206. Both are associated with MLST 10314 and harbor mosaic variants of <i>penA</i> or <i>mtrR</i>/<i>mtrD</i>. Analysis of time series data suggests that isolates with mosaic alleles are unlikely to be eradicated from the population in the near future, potentially worsening the epidemiological situation of gonorrhea in Russia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The native genetic strains of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> in Russia, which are susceptible to cephalosporins and macrolides, are being progressively replaced by globally dominant lineages. To further characterize this epidemiologic shift, ongoing surveillance strategies using molecular epidemiology and the identification of genetic markers will be crucial in curbing the growth and spread of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> resistance. Such efforts are vital in ensuring the availability of effective treatments for gonococcal infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1526859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline HBsAg quantitative and CD4 T cell counts are associated with HBsAg loss in people living with HIV/HBV coinfection after combined antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Muye Xia, Yuhang Zhao, Tao Yu, Xiaoli Lin, GuiChan Liao, Yuanhui Jiang, Jingchun Mao, Jie Peng, Shaohang Cai","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1381826","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1381826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is a significant goal for chronic hepatitis B patients. This study aims to evaluate HBsAg loss in individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection and explore the association of clinical variables with this outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 138 individuals coinfected with HIV/HBV and 480 HBV mono-infected individuals who initiated antiviral treatment. We employed Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare the rate of HBsAg loss between individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection and those with HBV mono-infection. In the HIV/HBV coinfected cohort, we used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between various factors and the incidence of HBsAg loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative HBsAg loss rate was higher among HBV/HIV coinfected individuals (13 patients, 11.5% at year 3) compared to HBV mono-infected individuals (1 patient, 0.6%) after antiviral therapy. In the HIV/HBV coinfected cohort, the multivariable analysis revealed that lower baseline HBsAg level (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.38-0.74, p<0.001) and baseline CD4 T cell counts < 180 cells/uL (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.10-0.96, p=0.042) were associated with an increased indicator of HBsAg loss. Additionally, the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.771 for baseline HBsAg levels and 0.758 for baseline CD4 cell counts at year 1 in predicting HBsAg loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After antiretroviral therapy, HIV/HBV coinfected adults achieve higher rates of HBsAg loss. Baseline HBsAg quantitative and CD4 T cell counts are associated with HBsAg loss in individuals with HIV/HBV coinfection after combined antiretroviral therapy and may inform treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1381826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic profiles of molecular types, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from caprine mastitis in China.","authors":"Hongfei Shi, Long Wang, Guoguang Li, Dandan Li, Hongyue Zhai, Shidong Ji, Yun Hu, Tingting Lv, Lunguang Yao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1533844","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1533844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a significant pathogen in dairy animals, particularly when it infects the mammary gland; however, its prevalence among dairy goats in China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and characteristics of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates in dairy goats across China. A total of 515 milk samples were collected from goats diagnosed with mastitis in 14 provinces. These samples underwent bacterial isolation and identification, capsular polysaccharides typing, spa typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and assessment of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene. The findings revealed the isolation of 61 <i>S. aureus</i> strains. The highest prevalence rate was recorded in 2018, at 20.4% (11 out of 54 samples), while the lowest prevalence rate was noted in 2023, at 5.2% (3 out of 58 samples). Among the five regions studied, southern China exhibited the highest prevalence rate of 17.5% (10 out of 57 samples), whereas northeastern China showed the lowest rate at 8.2% (8 out of 97 samples). Capsular polysaccharide type 5 emerged as the most prevalent, accounting for 52.5%, and spa type t521 was identified most frequently, at 19.7%. Notably, 52 isolates (85.2%) demonstrated multidrug resistance, displaying resistance to three or more antibiotics. The resistance rates of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were significantly high to penicillin (95.1%), followed by enrofloxacin (82.0%), kanamycin (78.7%), and levofloxacin (77.0%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exhibited the lowest resistance rate at 11.5%. Resistance rates varied across the five different regions. Additionally, eight genes associated with resistance to six classes of antimicrobials were detected, with the <i>blaZ</i> gene (93.4%) being the most prevalent at 93.4%. Furthermore, nine virulence-associated genes were identified, with clfA being the most common virulence gene, present in all isolates. In conclusion, most <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were multiresistant with diverse resistance patterns. Those diverse antimicrobial resistance profiles associated with corresponding resistance genes (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were reported for the first time in <i>S. aureus</i> from caprine mastitis. Sulfonamides could be prioritized preferentially for the treatment of <i>S. aureus</i> mastitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1533844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive tract microbiome dysbiosis associated with gynecological diseases.","authors":"Qingyue Zheng, Tianshu Sun, Xiaochuan Li, Lan Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1519690","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1519690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female health and the microbiota of the reproductive tract are closely associated. The research scope on reproductive tract microbiota extends from the vaginal to the upper reproductive tract and from infectious diseases to various benign and malignant gynecological and obstetrical diseases. The primary focus of this paper was to evaluate the most recent findings about the role of reproductive tract microbiota in gynecological diseases, including endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma. Different stages of gynecological diseases have diverse microbiota in the female reproductive tract, and some specific bacteria may help the disease progress. For example, <i>Fusobacterium</i> may exacerbate endometriosis, while treatments that target microbiota, such as antibiotics, probiotics, and flora transplantation, showed some efficacy in the experiment. These findings indicate the wonderful prospect of this field. Additionally, we have discussed how microbiome research can improve our understanding of the interactions between reproductive tract microorganisms and hosts, aid in the screening and diagnosis of gynecological diseases, and direct the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining and restoring a healthy reproductive tract microbiota when combined with other technologies like transcriptome and proteome, <i>in vitro</i> cultured cells, and animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1519690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The DosR regulon of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> and adaptation to hypoxia.","authors":"Juan M Belardinelli, Charlotte Avanzi, Kelsey E Martin, Ha Lam, Marte S Dragset, William H Wheat, Brendan K Podell, Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero, Mary Jackson","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1545856","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1545856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like other tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens of human lung such as <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and <i>M. abscessus</i>, <i>M. avium</i> is likely exposed to a variety of stressors during infection, including hypoxic conditions inside activated macrophages and in the avascular necrotic regions of granulomas. How <i>M. avium</i> survives hypoxic stress to establish a chronic infection is currently not well understood. Using RNA-sequencing, we here show that <i>M. avium</i> grown under progressive microaerophilic conditions activates more than 4-fold a subset of 16 genes, the expression of 13 of which is dependent on the two-component system regulator DosRS. A subset of <i>M. avium</i> DosR regulon genes was confirmed to also be activated upon exposure to nitric oxide. Although a second sensor kinase besides DosS has been proposed to function with the transcriptional regulator DosR in <i>M. avium</i>, we show that this other kinase cannot compensate for a deficiency in DosS. Loss of <i>dosRS</i> expression in <i>M. avium</i> led to a significant reduction in viability under hypoxia that was more marked at acidic than at neutral pH. Unlike the situation in <i>M. abscessus</i>, however, loss of DosRS did not significantly impact the ability of <i>M. avium</i> to establish a drug tolerant state <i>in vitro</i> or form biofilms under host relevant conditions. Collectively, these results are suggestive of a lesser impact of DosRS on the ability of <i>M. avium</i> to develop antibiotic tolerance compared to other nontuberculous mycobacteria. The <i>M. avium dosRS</i> mutant further showed no signs of virulence attenuation in murine macrophages and in chronically infected immunocompetent BALB/c mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1545856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A model for predicting bacteremia species based on host immune response.","authors":"Peter Simons, Virginie Bondu, Laura Shevy, Stephen Young, Angela Wandinger-Ness, Cristian G Bologa, Tione Buranda","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1451293","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1451293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinicians encounter significant challenges in quickly and accurately identifying the bacterial species responsible for patient bacteremia and in selecting appropriate antibiotics for timely treatment. This study introduces a novel approach that combines immune response data from routine blood counts with assessments of immune cell activation, specifically through quantitative measurements of Rho family GTPase activity. The combined data were used to develop a machine-learning model capable of distinguishing specific classes of bacteria and their associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We aimed to determine whether different classes of bacteria elicit distinct patterns of host immune responses, as indicated by quantitative differences in leukocyte populations from routine complete blood counts with differential. Concurrently, we conducted quantitative measurements of activated Rac1 (Rac1•GTP) levels using a novel 'G-Trap assay' we developed. With the G-Trap, we measured Rac1•GTP in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from blood samples collected from 28 culture-positive patients and over 80 non-infected patients used as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated that 18 of the 28 patients with bacteremia showed an increase of ≥ 3-fold in Rac1•GTP levels compared to the controls. The remaining ten patients with bacteremia exhibited either neutrophilia or pancytopenia and displayed normal to below-normal Rac1 GTPase activity, which is consistent with bacteria-induced immunosuppression. To analyze the data, we employed partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), a supervised method that optimizes group separation and aids in building a novel machine-learning model for pathogen identification.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results demonstrated that PLS-DA effectively differentiates between specific pathogen groups, and external validation confirmed the predictive model's utility. Given that bacterial culture confirmation may take several days, our study underscores the potential of combining routine assays with a machine-learning model as a valuable clinical decision-support tool. This approach could enable prompt and accurate treatment on the same day that patients present to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1451293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of metabolic parameters, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in response to substitution of ferrous sulfate with iron hydroxy methionine analog chelate in weaned piglets.","authors":"Yuemeng Fu, Guohui Zhou, Yuhang Liu, Xuejun Yuan, Ning Jiao, Wenbiao Lu, Weiren Yang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1539607","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1539607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous studies have suggested that dietary organic iron offers health advantages compared to its inorganic counterpart. However, the effects of iron hydroxy methionine analog chelate (Fe-HMA) supplementation in weaned piglets have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing ferrous sulfate with Fe-HMA as the iron source on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and twenty weaned piglets were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Each group contained four replicates, with 15 pigs per replicate. Piglets were fed either 100 mg Fe/kg in the form of ferrous sulfate (Fe-sulfate group) or 50 mg Fe/kg in the form of Fe-HMA (Fe-HMA group) as the iron source for 28 days.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Results showed that supplementing Fe-HMA as an iron source significantly increased the levels of triglycerides and glucose in portal venous serum, albumin in both serum and portal venous serum and decreased serum low-density lipoprotein level in weaned piglets. Additionally, Fe-HMA supplementation significantly reduced serum and liver malondialdehyde levels, while increasing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase, and manganese superoxide dismutase levels in serum, as well as GSH-Px and CAT levels in the liver. Moreover, Fe-HMA regulated the intestinal microbiota composition, notably increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreasing microbes involved in aromatic_compound_degradation. In conclusion, dietary replacing inorganic iron with Fe-HMA improved metabolic parameters and antioxidant capacity, and regulated gut microbiota composition in weaned piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1539607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}