Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The anti-staphylococcal activity (planktonic and biofilm) of <i>Cnestis ferruginea</i> is due to benzoquinone, the oxidation product of hydroquinone.","authors":"Sujogya Kumar Panda, Michelle Reynders, Purity N Kipanga, Walter Luyten","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1494589","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1494589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Cnestis ferruginea</i> is used frequently in African traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases. Previous bioassay-guided purification has identified hydroquinone as the major bio-active compound in the aforementioned plant, responsible for its antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. While the phenol hydroquinone can be directly extracted from the plant, it may undergo (reversible) oxidation under mild conditions to yield benzoquinone, a compound with known antimicrobial activity against <i>i.a. S. aureus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We, examined whether hydroquinone or its oxidation product, benzoquinone, is the active compound against bacteria such as <i>S. aureus</i>. To achieve this we performed broth microdilution (planktonic) and biofilm activity tests against two different strains of <i>S. aureus</i>. The inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of benzoquinone and hydroquinone under various circumstances were compared, assessing their stability, and examining their effectiveness against two strains of <i>S. aureus</i> (Rosenbach and USA 300) in both planktonic and biofilm environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Benzoquinone demonstrated antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> Rosenbach and USA 300 with IC₅₀ of 6.90 ± 2.30 mM and 7.72 ± 2.73 mM, respectively, while the corresponding values for hydroquinone were 15.63 ± 2.62 mM and 19.21 ± 4.84 mM, respectively. However, when oxidation was prevented by the addition of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or glutathione, hydroquinone lost its antibacterial property, while benzoquinone retained activity. Comparing conditions in which hydroquinone could convert into benzoquinone against conditions in which this conversion was inhibited, showed that hydroquinone alone did not inhibit bacterial growth of <i>S. aureus</i>, while benzoquinone alone did.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results prove that the oxidation product benzoquinone is responsible for the antimicrobial activity previously ascribed to hydroquinone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1494589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akabane virus isolated from biting midges and its infection in local domestic animal, Yunnan, China: a field and laboratory investigation.","authors":"Jinxin Meng, Yuwen He, Nan Li, Zhenxing Yang, Si Fu, Dongmei Wang, Aiguo Xin, Jinglin Wang, Guodong Liang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1434045","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1434045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We verified that Akabane virus (AKAV) is transmitted through biting midges and infects local domestic animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2013, viruses were isolate from biting midges in Yunnan, China, using BHK-21 and C6/36 cells. Two AKAV strains (No. 52 and 55) that induced cytopathogenic effects (CPE) in BHK-21, MDBK, and Vero cells were characterized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The complete genomic sequence of both viruses consisted three RNA segments (S, M, and L). The S segment (856 nucleotides) encoded a 233-amino-acid nucleocapsid protein and a 91-amino-acid nonstructural protein, while the M segment (4309 nucleotides) encoded a 1401-amino-acid polyprotein. The L segment (6869 nucleotides) encoded a 2511-amino-acid RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that specimen Nos. 52 and 55 clustered with AKAV genotype Ia viruses isolated from Asia. The AKAV strain (55) neutralizing antibody exhibited a total positive rate of 43.55% (202/466) against serum samples from cattle and goats collected in Yunnan Province. Specifically, the positive rates were 48.77% (139/285) for cattle and 34.81% (63/181) for goats. Neutralizing antibody titers in cattle (1:32-1:128) were higher than those in goats (1:4-1:16).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study represents the first isolation of AKAV from biting midges in China, along with the detection of high neutralizing antibody titers against AKAV in the serum samples of local cattle and goats. These findings suggested that biting midges are involved in AKAV transmission among domestic animals in Yunnan Province, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1434045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal microbiome distinction in women with HPV+, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical cancer, a retrospective study.","authors":"Yuanyue Li, Xiaomei Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1483544","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1483544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The vaginal microbiota is a complex and dynamic micro-ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in protecting the host from various pathogens. Previous studies have investigated the diversity of the vaginal microbiome and its association with health outcomes, particularly the development of HPV-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the vaginal microbiota, HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs), and cervical cancers in 69 women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was extracted from vaginal samples, followed by HPV genotyping through PCR and sequenced of the16S rRNA gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that <i>Lactobacillus</i> was the predominant bacterium across all groups, with prevalence rates of 60.2% in women with HPV+, 63.9% in CINI, 97.7% in CINII, 52.0% in CINIII, 36.9% in cervical cancer, and 70.9% in NILM (normal cytology). Additionally, an elevated proportion of Gardnerella was identified as a high-risk bacterium associated with HPV infection, potentially contributing to the progression of cervical lesions. High-risk HPV genotypes, particularly HPV16, 52, and 33, were found to be more prevalent among women with HPV+, CIN, and cervical cancer. We also observed significantly higher alpha diversity in the vaginal microbiome of women with HPV+ and CIN, as indicated by increased Sobs, Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices, compared to the NILM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that HPV infection and its associated pathological conditions are closely linked to alterations in the vaginal microbiome. This underscores the need for further research to unravel the intricate relationship between HPV genotype infections and vaginal microbiota, which could pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1483544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute respiratory infections in Lanzhou, Northwest China, 2019-2024.","authors":"Qian Wang, Yunyan Pan, Hongwei Gao, Youli Zhao, Xinzhe Gao, Yichen Da, Shaomin Niu, Chongge You","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1494166","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1494166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of respiratory pathogens in children under 18 years old with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARTIs) in Lanzhou, Northwest China, from July 2019 to January 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The respiratory pathogens studied were FluA, FluB, PIV, RSV, ADV, MP, CP, CB, and LP, detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF). Data were obtained from the laboratory information system (LIS) of the Lanzhou University Second Hospital. As in Lanzhou, NPIs were implemented in January 2020, and were lifted in December 2022, data were divided into pre-NPIs (July 2019 to December 2019), NPIs (January 2020 to December 2022) and post-NPIs (January 2023 to January 2024) periods for analysis. Pearson's chi-square test, ANOVA, and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate statistical significance in variable differences, with P < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29,659 children diagnosed with ARTIs were included in the study, with 13030(43.93%) test positive for at least one pathogen. Single-pathogen infections predominated (33.10%), while co-detection of MP and PIV was the most common among multi-pathogen cases (52.96%). Pathogen detection rates were notably higher in female children (50.62%) and preschool-aged children (53.45%) and exhibited seasonal variations, with a pronounced increase in winter (47.61%) and a peak in November (48.92%). MP had the highest detection rate (38.59%), followed by PIV (10.18%). Detection rates significantly increased following the lifting of NPIs, rising from 33.82% (SD ± 13.13) during NPIs to 64.42% (SD ± 4.67) (P < 0.001), with 2023 showing the highest detection rate (64.61%) and largest participant count (9,591). In November 2023, detection rates reached their highest level at 73.09%. Post-NPI, most pathogens, except CB and LP, demonstrated significantly higher prevalence (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Lanzhou region, MP and PIV were identified as the most prevalent respiratory pathogens among children with ARTIs, with peak detection rates during the winter season. Boys and school-age children exhibited higher susceptibility to these infections. NPIs played a critical role in reducing respiratory pathogen transmission. Once NPIs were lifted, a marked resurgence in pathogen incidence highlighted their impact on controlling infection spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1494166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of <i>Gardnerella</i> spp., <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i>, <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> and <i>L. iners</i> in pregnant women in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.","authors":"Lisa Himschoot, Guy Mulinganya, Tess Rogier, Ghislain Bisimwa, Freddy Kampara, Yvette Kujirakwinja, Jules Mongane, Innocent Mubalama, Steven Callens, Mario Vaneechoutte, Piet Cools","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1514884","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1514884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Gardnerella</i> is a key pathogen in bacterial vaginosis (BV), but the role of the different <i>Gardnerella</i> species remains unclear. We investigated the role of four <i>Gardnerella</i> species, as well as <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i>, <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> and <i>L. iners</i> in BV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 331 pregnant women from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, BV was diagnosed using Nugent scoring and a cervicovaginal lavage was used to quantify <i>G. leopoldii</i>, <i>G. piotii</i>, <i>G. swidsinskii</i>, <i>G. vaginalis, F. vaginae, L. crispatus and L. iners</i> by qPCR. Univariate associations between these species and clinical outcomes were assessed. A logistic regression model and ROC curves were calculated to determine the best diagnostic marker for BV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, <i>L. iners</i> (75.8%) was the most prevalent species and <i>G. vaginalis</i> (36.0%) the most common <i>Gardnerella</i> species. All investigated <i>Gardnerella</i> spp. were prevalent (50.9-57.9%) in women with (asymptomatic) BV. Univariate analysis revealed no significant associations with clinical symptoms of BV, while <i>F. vaginae</i> (positive Whiff test, high pH), <i>G. vaginalis</i> (high pH) and <i>L. crispatus</i> (low pH) were associated with signs of BV. <i>G. piotii</i> was associated with markers of urinary tract infection. Women with <i>L. iners</i> had higher odds of delivering preterm. ROC analyses showed that <i>F. vaginae</i> was the best marker for BV (AUC 0.81), and the combined model further increased the diagnostic performance (AUC 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All <i>Gardnerella</i> species were involved in BV, although none were associated with the most important clinical symptoms of BV and none emerged as a superior molecular marker for BV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1514884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of VSD therapy on surgical outcomes, inflammatory markers, and functional rehabilitation in patients with secondary bone infection following tibial fracture surgery.","authors":"Sheng Chang, Yu Wang, Zengshan Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1508424","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1508424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) treatment on surgical indicators, inflammatory factors, and functional recovery in patients with chronic osteomyelitis secondary to open tibial fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 87 patients with secondary bone infection after internal fixation of tibial fracture treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from December 2020 to June 2022 were selected, all of whom were tibial shaft fractures. Of these, 55 cases of primary open fracture were sutured in the first stage; 32 cases underwent internal fixation after primary debridement at the time of trauma. The patients were treated with surgical debridement, removal of internal fixation, and fixation with an external fixation frame. After debridement, those with local wounds that could not be completely closed and were complicated with exposed bone were randomly selected for either VSD covering treatment (study group, n=46) or bone cement covering treatment (control group, n=41. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria, surgical indicators, inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor⁃α(TNF⁃α), interleukin⁃6 (IL⁃6), and C⁃reactive protein (CRP) levels], functional recovery [knee, ankle, and limb function recovery], and complications were summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 87 pathogenic bacteria strains in 87 patients, including 43 Gram⁃positive bacteria strains (49.42%), 32 Gram⁃negative bacteria strains (36.78%), and 12 fungi strains (13.80%). The number of dressing changes in the study group was less than that in the control group. The infection control time, wound sterility time, hospitalization time, and skin flap transfer operation time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of TNF⁃α, IL⁃6, and CRP in the two groups decreased, among which the change in the study group was the most significant and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score and Baird-Jackson score of the two groups increased, among which the change in the study group was the most significant and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of the study group (95.65%) was higher than the excellent and good rate of the control group (80.49%) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When a wound cannot be closed, VSD treatment of patients with secondary bone infection after internal fixation of tibial fracture can improve the level of surgical indicators and inflammatory factor levels in patients, and promote the recovery of patients' limb function, and is thus worthy of clinical promotion and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1508424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of repurposed drugs lopinavir-ritonavir and darunavir-ritonavir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: insights from a tertiary centre cohort.","authors":"Dóra Paróczai, András Bikov, Andreea Blidaru, Emanuel Bobu, Ana Lascu, Cristian Ion Mot, Stefan Mihaicuta, Stefan Frent","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1496176","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1496176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug repurposing has become a widely adopted strategy to minimise research time, costs, and associated risks. Combinations of protease inhibitors such as lopinavir and darunavir with ritonavir have been repurposed as treatments for COVID-19. Although lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) and darunavir-ritonavir (DRV/r) have shown <i>in vitro</i> efficacy against COVID-19, the results in human studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, our objective was to compare the efficacy of LPV/r and DRV/r in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary centre in Romania.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>A clinical dataset from 417 hospitalised patients was analysed. Patients were assigned to the LPV/r, DRV/r, or control (standard-of-care) group based on clinical decisions made by the attending infectious disease specialists, aligned with national treatment protocols. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to compare in-hospital mortality and to identify factors associated with clinical improvement or fatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By day 10, more patients showed improvement with LPV/r and DRV/r (p=0.03 and 0.01, respectively), but only LPV/r was associated with improved survival compared to the control group (p=0.05). Factors associated with mortality included male gender (HR: 3.63, p=0.02), diabetes (HR: 2.49, p=0.03), oxygen saturation below 90% at admission (HR: 5.23, p<0.01), high blood glucose levels (HR: 3.68, p=0.01), age (HR: 1.04, p=0.02), and more than 25% lesion extension on chest CT scan (HR: 2.28, p=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LPV/r, but not DRV/r, showed a survival benefit in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, but these findings deserve further investigation in a randomised clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1496176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of <i>Brucella</i> T4SS recombinant proteins in serodiagnosis of human brucellosis based on TMT-based proteomics technology.","authors":"Qi Wu, Chen Sun, Liping Guo, Yujia Xie, Jinpeng Zhang, Dehui Yin","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1514046","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1514046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brucellosis, a significant zoonotic infectious disease, poses a global health threat. Accurate and efficient diagnosis is crucial for prevention, control, and treatment of brucellosis. VirB proteins, components of the Type IV secretion system (T4SS) in <i>Brucella</i>, play a pivotal role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis but have been understudied for their diagnostic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteomics technology was utilized to identify highly expressed VirB proteins from wild-type <i>Brucella</i> strains. Recombinant T4SS proteins were prepared, and an indirect ELISA method was established for serological diagnosis of human brucellosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven T4SS proteins (rVirB3, rVirB4, rVirB9, rBMEII0036, rVirB8, rVirB11, and rVirB10) were expressed used to construct the indirect ELISA method which showed high diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity of the proteins exceeded 0.9100 and 0.9167, respectively, demonstrating good performance comparable to traditional LPS and Rose Bengal Ag antigens. Cross-reactivity was observed in a limited number of serum samples from febrile patients without brucellosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the potential of VirB proteins as novel diagnostic antigens for human brucellosis. Future research can further optimize the use of VirB proteins in diagnostic assays and explore their applications in vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1514046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for diagnosing suspected bloodstream infections: a prospective study.","authors":"Yaqin Peng, Ruijie Xie, Yifeng Luo, Penghao Guo, Zhongwen Wu, Yili Chen, Pingjuan Liu, Jiankai Deng, Bin Huang, Kang Liao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1489792","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1489792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Though droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a promising tool for early pathogen detection in bloodstream infections (BSIs), more studies are needed to support its clinical application widely due to different ddPCR platforms with discrepant diagnostic performance. Additionally, there is still a lack of clinical data to reveal the association between pathogen loads detected by ddPCR and corresponding BSIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, 173 patients with suspected BSIs were enrolled. A multiplex ddPCR assay was used to detect 18 pathogens. The results of ddPCR testing were evaluated in comparison with blood cultures (BCs) and clinical diagnosis. Taking BC as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic curve and Cohen's kappa agreement were used to investigate whether the pathogen load could predict a corresponding culture-proven BSI for the top five microorganisms detected by ddPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 173 blood samples collected, BC and ddPCR were positive in 48 (27.7%) and 92 (53.2%) cases, respectively. Compared to BC, the aggregate sensitivity and specificity for ddPCR were 81.3% and 63.2%, respectively. After clinical adjudication, the sensitivity and specificity of ddPCR increased to 88.8% and 86.0%, respectively. There were 143 microorganisms detected by ddPCR. The DNA loads of these microorganisms ranged from 30.0 to 3.2×10⁵ copies/mL (median level: 158.0 copies/mL), 72.7% (104/143) of which were below 1,000 copies/mL. Further, statistical analysis showed the DNA loads of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (AUC: 0.954, 95% CI: 0.898-1.000, κ=0.731, cut-off values: 93.0 copies/mL) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (AUC: 0.994, 95% CI: 0.986-1.000, κ=0.834, cut-off values: 196.5 copies/mL) were excellent predictors for the corresponding BSIs. The DNA loads of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (AUC: 0.816, 95% CI: 0.560-1.000, κ=0.167), <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (AUC: 0.728, 95% CI: 0.195-1.000), and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (AUC: 0.282, 95% CI: 0.000-0.778) had little predictive value for the corresponding culture-proven BSIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that the multiplex ddPCR is a promising platform as a complementary add-on to conventional BC. The DNA loads of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> present excellent predictive value for the corresponding BSIs. Further research is needed to explore the predictive potential of ddPCR for other microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1489792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the composition of placental microbiome and its potential origin in preterm birth.","authors":"Marwa Saadaoui, Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel, Selvasankar Murugesan, Manoj Kumar, Duaa Elhag, Parul Singh, Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Alexandra Katharina Marr, Tomoshige Kino, Tobias Brummaier, Rose McGready, François Nosten, Damien Chaussabel, Annalisa Terranegra, Souhaila Al Khodor","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1486409","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1486409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>For years, the placenta was believed to be sterile, but recent studies reveal it hosts a unique microbiome. Despite these findings, significant questions remain about the origins of the placental microbiome and its effects on pregnancy and fetal health. Some studies suggest it may originate from the vaginal tract, while others indicate that oral bacteria can enter the maternal bloodstream and seed the placenta. However, research analyzing the vaginal, oral, and placental microbiomes within the same cohort is lacking. Additionally, it's unclear whether the placental microbiome differs between healthy pregnancies and those with complications like preterm birth (PTB), which remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the composition of the oral and placental microbiome in samples collected from 18 women who experienced PTB and 36 matched controls who delivered at term (TB), all of whom were part of the Molecular Signature in Pregnancy (MSP) study. We leveraged on the multisite microbiome sampling from the MSP participants and on our previously published vaginal microbiome data to investigate the potential origins of the placental microbiome and assess whether its composition varies between healthy and complicated pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Our analysis revealed distinct profiles in the oral microbiome of PTB subjects compared to those who delivered at term. Specifically, we observed an increased abundance of Treponema maltophilum, Bacteroides sp, Mollicutes, Prevotella buccae, Leptotrichia, Prevotella_sp_Alloprevotella, in the PTB group. Importantly, Treponema maltophilum species showed higher abundance in the PTB group during the second trimester, suggesting its potential use as biomarkers. When we assessed the placenta microbiome composition, we found that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla. Interestingly, microorganisms such as Ureaplasma urealyticum were more abundant in PTB placenta samples. Our findings suggest that the placenta microbiome could originate from the oral or vaginal cavities, with a notable increase in the crosstalk between the vaginal and placental sites in cases of PTB. Specifically, our data revealed that in PTB cases, the placental microbiome exhibited a closer resemblance to the vaginal microbiome, whereas in term pregnancies, the placental microbiome was similar to the oral microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1486409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}