Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of star anise-cinnamon essential oil against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Thompson.","authors":"Jie Zhang, Dapei Zhang, Yanhua Chen, Yongyu Gong, Binfang Yuan, Zhiyuan Mo, Haibo Tang, Junyu Tao, Ziheng Xu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1463551","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1463551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of foodborne multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> has attracted considerable global attention. Given that food is the primary transmission route, our study focuses on <i>Bellamya quadrata</i>, a freshwater snail that is commonly consumed as a specialty food in Guangxi, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight MDR <i>Salmonella</i> strains were isolated from <i>Bellamya quadrata</i> samples collected across various markets. Previous animal experiments have confirmed their lethality in mice. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and star anise essential oil (SAEO) using the microdilution plate and checkerboard methods. The time-kill curve method was employed to assess the antibacterial activity of the cinnamon-star anise essential oil (SCEO) against planktonic MDR <i>Salmonella</i>. The alkaline phosphatase assay and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that SCEO causes damage to bacterial cell walls and membranes. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe changes in biofilms after SCEO treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to analyze the expression of genes related to biofilm formation following SCEO treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIC of SAEO was determined to be 25 mg/mL, whereas that of CEO was significantly lower at 0.62 mg/mL. The FIC index calculated was 0.375, which suggests a synergistic interaction between the two. When SCEO was used in combination at specific ratios, it demonstrated enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm capabilities compared to the individual effects of CEO or SAEO, potentially through the disruption of bacterial cell membranes and cell walls. However, in <i>Salmonella</i> treated with SCEO, an upregulation in the expression of biofilm-associated genes was observed, including <i>csgA, adrA, bcsA</i>, and <i>csgD</i>. This increase may be attributed to stress-induced transcriptional responses within the bacteria.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SCEO significantly impacts cell wall integrity, suggesting its crucial role in reducing biofilm formation. These findings indicate that SCEO holds potential as an alternative to traditional antibiotics and merits further scientific investigation and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1463551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virology, epidemiology, transmissions, diagnostic tests, prophylaxis and treatments of human Mpox: Saudi Arabia perspective.","authors":"Almonther Abdullah Hershan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1530900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1530900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox (Monkeypox) is a highly contagious viral disease that can be transmitted from animal-to-human or human-to-human through intimate contact, Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is an enveloped double-stranded DNA that belongs to the genus <i>Orthopoxvirus, Poxviridae</i> family, and subfamily <i>Chordopoxvirinae.</i> Mpox cases were previously only reported in West and Central Africa, however in recent times non-endemic countries including Saudi Arabia (SA) also reported confirmed Mpox cases. The first laboratory-confirmed human Mpox case in SA was reported on 14 July 2022, since then a number of confirmed Mpox cases have been reported by WHO in SA. These confirmed Mpox cases in SA were observed among individuals with a history of visiting European Union countries. SA is not only at risk of importation of Mpox cases owing to travel to such countries, but also there are various other risk factors including geographic proximity to the African continent, trade in exotic animals, and massive inflow of tourists. Therefore, government health authorities of SA should continue to collaborate with various international health organizations including WHO to prevent, manage or monitor potential health risks at most of the entry points in SA including highways, seaports, and airports by ensuring adherence to hygiene protocols, vaccinations, and health screenings. There are a range of diagnostic tests are currently available that can be used in SA to confirm Mpox infections, including real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, serological testing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)-based systems, whole-genome sequencing, electron microscopy, and virus isolation and culture. There is no approved treatment specifically for Mpox, however multiple approved antiviral agents for smallpox treatment were found to be useful in Mpox treatment and in the management of Mpox outbreaks, such as- trifluridine, brincidofovir, tecovirimat, and cidofovir. The aim of this review is to provide valuable insights regarding virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmissions, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, prophylactic measures and therapeutic options of Mpox from SA perspective. Moreover, a side-by-side discussion on the global trend and scenarios of Mpox has been provided for comparison and further improvement in measures against Mpox in SA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1530900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids reduce the host cell invasion of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> outbreak strains.","authors":"Caroline Borreby, Thea Amalie Hvidtfeldt, Magnus Ganer Jespersen, Patricia T Dos Santos, Sofie Dam Houborg, Eva Maria Sternkopf Lillebæk, Michael Kemp, Birgitte H Kallipolitis","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1542165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1542165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Gram-positive bacterium <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is a highly adaptable pathogen capable of causing severe foodborne infections, particularly in vulnerable populations. During infection, <i>L. monocytogenes</i> uses a variety of virulence factors to invade and multiply within host cells. The transcriptional regulator PrfA controls the expression of these virulence factors and is essential for the intracellular lifestyle of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. Long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) have long been recognized for their antimicrobial activity and were recently shown to inhibit PrfA-dependent virulence gene expression in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. To date, the antimicrobial and anti-virulent activities of FFAs have been primarily studied in laboratory strains. However, to fully evaluate their potential as anti-infective agents, it is essential to assess the effects of long-chain FFAs on clinically relevant isolates, including outbreak strains associated with high-fat food products. Here, we demonstrate that five different clinically relevant <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates are sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of long-chain unsaturated FFAs. Furthermore, at subinhibitory concentrations, these FFAs inhibit PrfA-regulated expression of virulence factors across all tested strains and reduce their invasive potential in non-phagocytic cells. These findings underscore the potential of long-chain unsaturated FFAs in developing new preventive strategies against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains associated with severe foodborne infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1542165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the gut microbiota in urinary calculi patients with preoperative urinary tract infection.","authors":"Hao Chen, Jing Yuan, Hongmin Zhou, Xiangcheng Zhan, Yuchen Gao, Bowen Chen, Nuer Aihemaiti, Xiao Xu, Yunze Dong, Shuai Liu, Yanhua Chen, Ding Liu, Tiancheng Xie, Yunfei Xu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1417403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1417403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infection is one of the most common comorbidities of urinary stones. Disorders of gut microbiota can affect various infectious diseases and the formation of the stones. Therefore, alterations in the gut bacteria profile may be a potential risk factor for the development of infections in patients with urinary tract stones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the association of urinary tract infections with gut microbiota and serum metabolism in patients with stones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with urolithiasis were predominantly in combination with diabetes mellitus (11.4% vs. 20%) and hypertension (36.4% vs. 50%). There were no statistically significant differences in hematological and urinary parameters. Compared to negative patients, IL-17A was significantly higher in the positive group (25.0 vs 21.1 pg/ml p = 0.038). The majority of pathogens detected in urine cultures were urease-negative bacteria, and urease-positive bacteria accounted for 15% of the total number of patients. We analyzed the community composition of the two groups of patients and found a significant difference in their β-diversity (p = 0.025), suggesting that dysbiosis of the gut bacteria may be associated with the combination of urinary tract infections in urolithiasis. For identification of crucial bacteria, we found changes in the abundance of both <i>Intestinibacter</i> (p = 0.036) and <i>Dialister</i> (p = 0.039), and abundance of <i>Intestinibacter</i> was positively correlated with IFN-α, IL-12P70 (p<0.05), and especially IL-17A (p<0.01), which may result from differences in translational, ribosomal structural and biosynthetic functions in stone patients (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urolithiasis with gut dysbiosis developed a higher incidence of urinary tract infections, which may be associated with the increasing of <i>Intestinibacter</i> and affect the expression of IL-17A by translational, ribosomal structural and biosynthetic function.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1417403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the inhibitory effects of different antibiotic administration routes on bone healing in a rat tibial infection model.","authors":"Xiaoyu Han, Wei Wang, Zengli Shen, Lisong Lv, Bingyuan Lin, Haiyong Ren, Yiyang Liu, Qiaofeng Guo, Huang Kai, Xiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1529692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1529692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous versus oral antibiotic treatments in managing bone infections, particularly osteomyelitis, using a rat tibial infection model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A tibial bone infection model was established in twelve-week-old Wistar rats via injection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at a cortical defect site. After six weeks, rats were treated with vancomycin (intravenous), cefazolin (intravenous), ciprofloxacin (oral), or ciprofloxacin combined with rifampin (oral). Microbial analysis, blood analysis for pro-inflammatory cytokines, micro-computed tomography (μCT), histological analysis, and osteoclast activity were used to assess the efficacy of each treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood analysis showed significant reductions in white blood cell count and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intravenous treatment groups, especially with vancomycin. μCT imaging revealed better preservation of bone structure in intravenous treatment groups, while oral treatments resulted in more pronounced structural deterioration. Microbial analysis confirmed a lower bacterial load in the intravenous groups, particularly vancomycin, compared to oral treatments. Histological analysis revealed reduced inflammation, lower fibrosis, and minimal bacterial presence in intravenous groups. Osteoclast activity was notably reduced in the vancomycin and cefazolin groups, indicating better control of bone resorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenous administration of vancomycin demonstrated superior efficacy in controlling bone infection, reducing inflammation, and preserving bone structure compared to oral treatments. While ciprofloxacin and the ciprofloxacin-rifampin combination showed some efficacy, they were less effective than intravenous vancomycin, likely due to lower bioavailability and insufficient drug penetration in bone tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1529692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major antigenic differences in <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> isolates correlate with the emergence of a new strain causing furunculosis in Chilean salmon farms.","authors":"Marcos Mancilla, Adriana Ojeda, Yassef Yuivar, Maritza Grandón, Horst Grothusen, Marcela Oyarzún, Alejandro Bisquertt, Juan A Ugalde, Francisco Fuentes, Pablo Ibarra, Patricio Bustos","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1508135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1508135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a septicemic disease with high mortality rates affecting salmonids and other teleost species worldwide. Reviewing molecular diagnostic protocols for routine diagnostics, we realized that the amplification of the <i>vapA</i> target gene failed in some cases of furunculosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the emergence of a new strain may be involved in recent outbreaks. In this work, we demonstrate that the <i>vapA</i> locus is absent in the new strain, which explains why it lacks the major membrane component VapA protein, a critical virulence factor. In addition, we found that the <i>vapA-</i>absent strain differs from its counterparts in outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles, suggesting profound changes at the membrane structure level and in antigenic properties. These features along with sequence analysis information allowed us to infer that a complex genomic rearrangement, probably an indel encompassing the entire <i>vapA</i> locus, gave rise to this membrane phenotype. Although the causes for pathogen evolution and emergence were not fully elucidated, our results strongly suggest that the <i>vapA-</i>absent strain is responsible for a raising proportion of recent furunculosis cases, and that it may be related to a less virulent disease and a low serological response upon vaccination with the <i>A. salmonicida</i> antigen formulation currently used in Chile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1508135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a novel double-antibody sandwich fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic test strip for rapid detection of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) infection.","authors":"Xiao Cong, Fei Tong, Huizhen Liu, Yujun Zhu, Ningxin Tan, Feng Gu, Huanan Wang, Feng Cong","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1461845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1461845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes clinical symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea in 10-day-old piglets. SADS-CoV has caused significant economic losses in the swine industry in southern China. Currently, no effective treatments or vaccines are available for this disease, making it crucial to establish a point-of-care testing (POCT) technology for early diagnosis and prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we first validated the specificity and immunogenicity of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the nucleocapsid (N) protein of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). The optimal antibody pair for constructing the fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic assay (FM-ICA) was determined through systematic pairwise screening. Critical parameters of the FM-ICA test strip, including antibody labeling concentration, coating concentration, incubation time, and sample dilution ratio, were subsequently optimized. Analytical performance characteristics of the developed FM-ICA were then rigorously evaluated. Finally, clinical validation was conducted by parallel testing of 72 field samples using both FM-ICA and quantitative PCR (qPCR), followed by concordance rate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, we demonstrated that all four monoclonal antibodies exhibited favorable immunogenicity and specificity. Subsequently, mAb 12E1 was identified as the coating antibody, and mAb 5G12 was selected as the labeled antibody, forming the optimal combination for FM-ICA preparation. After optimization, the ideal parameters were determined: a labeling concentration of 200 μg/mg for antibodies, a coating concentration of 1 mg/mL, an incubation time of 10 min, and a dilution factor of 10. The FM-ICA exhibited outstanding specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability, achieving a maximum detectable dilution factor of 1280 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 78 PFU mL⁻¹. Finally, the concordance rate between FM-ICA and qPCR for clinical samples reached 97.22%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results indicate that FM-ICA is an excellent POCT technology that can be used for the early diagnosis of SADS-CoV, providing support for disease prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1461845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth genome and comparative genome analysis of a metal-resistant environmental isolate <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> S-8.","authors":"Kiran Kumari, Ayushi Sinha, Parva Kumar Sharma, Rajnish Prakash Singh","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1511507","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1511507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying the survival of an environmental bacterium originally isolated from the waste-contaminated soil of Jhiri, Ranchi, India. Based on 16S rRNA, ANI (average nucleotide identity), and BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG) analysis, the isolated strain was identified as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i> The present study extends the characterization of this bacterium through genomic and comparative genomic analysis to understand the genomic features pertaining to survival in stressed environments. The sequencing of the bacterium at Illumina HiSeq platform revealed that it possessed a 6.8 Mb circular chromosome with 65.9% GC content and 63 RNAs sequence. The genome also harbored several genes associated to plant growth promotion <i>i.e.</i> phytohormone and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, motility, and biofilm formation, etc. The genomic analysis with online tools unraveled the various genes belonging to the bacterial secretion system, antibiotic resistance, virulence, and efflux pumps, etc. The presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) indicated that large numbers of genes were associated to non-ribosomal synthesized peptide synthetase, polyketide synthetase, and other secondary metabolite production. Additionally, its genomes encode various CAZymes such as glycoside hydrolases and other genes associated with lignocellulose breakdown, suggesting that strain S-8 have strong biomass degradation potential. Furthermore, pan-genome analysis based on a comparison of whole genomes showed that core genome represented the largest part of the gene pools. Therefore, genome and comparative genome analysis of <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains is valuable for understanding the mechanism of resistance to metal stress, genome evolution, HGT events, and therefore, opens a new perspective to exploit a newly isolated bacterium for biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1511507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of natural (Z)-13-docosenamide derived from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>.","authors":"Nashwa El-Gazzar, Lekaa Said, Fatimah Olyan Al-Otibi, Mohamed Ragab AbdelGawwad, Gamal Rabie","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1529104","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1529104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The synthesis of natural compounds with strong biological activity from affordable sources has proven challenging for scientists. As a natural resource rich in a variety of bioactive substances, fungal metabolites have the potential to be used in medical applications to serve a global purpose towards a sustainable future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 25 filamentous fungi were isolated, and their secondary metabolites were assessed for their antimicrobial efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracellular extract of the strain <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Pc was selected for its high bioactivity compared with the other whole isolates. The GC-MS analysis of the extracellular extract of <i>P. chrysogenum</i> Pc was found to contain approximately 16 variable compounds. After several separation and purification processes using flash chromatography, HPLC, TLC, NMR, and FTIR, the most bioactive compound was identified as (Z)-13-docosenamide or erucylamide with a molecular formula of C22H43NO and a molecular weight of 337.0. The purified (Z)-13-docosenamide possessed antimicrobial activity with an MIC of approximately 10 μg/mL for the tested pathogenic bacteria (<i>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>), and 20 μg/mL against the tested fungi (<i>Penicillium aurantiogriseum</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>). Furthermore, MTT assay showed that (Z)-13-docosenamide inhibited cellviability and the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma, in vitro, with an IC {sb}{/sb}50 of 23.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The remarkable bioactivity of (Z)-13- docosenamide makes it a potential candidate to assist the pipeline for the creation of antibacterial and anticancer drugs, which will help to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and fatalities related to cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1529104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific kinetics of neutralizing antibodies and infection enhancement among ≤1 year-old Indian infants.","authors":"Shweta Chelluboina, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra, Vidya Avinash Arankalle, Shubham Shrivastava","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1538188","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1538188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infants born to dengue-immune mothers acquire maternal antibodies to dengue. Maternal antibodies decline over time, making infants susceptible to primary dengue infections. Another important concern is the role of maternal antibodies in causing antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) during primary infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate the kinetics of dengue virus (DENV)-neutralizing antibodies and infection-enhancing activity in Indian infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy infants at birth (cord blood), and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age (n=32/group) were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies using the foci-reduction neutralization test and enhancing antibodies using the ADE assay against DENV1-4 serotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neutralizing antibody positivity declined with the increasing age of the infants. Undetectable levels of neutralizing antibodies to DENV1-4 serotypes were reported in 84% of infants by 9 months. Significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers were also reported in 9-month-old infants compared to that in 6-month-old infants and infants at birth. Comparable levels of enhancement of DENV1-4 infection at a particular dilution to at least one serotype were noted in infants at 3 and 6 months of age. Fold enhancement of DENV1-4 infection was found to be highest in 6-month-old infants at a dilution of 1:20. In summary, our data suggests that DENV infection-enhancing activity aligns with the decline of neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates that maternally acquired neutralizing antibodies could be protective until 6 months of age and capable of facilitating ADE on exposure to dengue infections in later months of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1538188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}