Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Short-term pegylated interferon alpha in chronic HBV patients with ultra-low HBsAg: a retrospective study.","authors":"Huimin Liu, Hongmei Gong, Zhaoxia Tan, Yanyan Wu, Lijian Ran, Qing Mao, Guohong Deng, Li Jiang, Jie Xia","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582997","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance-defined as an HBsAg level below the lower limit of detection-is critical for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study evaluated the efficacy of short-term pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFNα) therapy in achieving HBsAg clearance in CHB patients with ultra-low HBsAg levels (<50 IU/ml).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 378 CHB patients with HBsAg levels <50 IU/ml were enrolled, including 206 nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)-treated patients and 172 inactive HBsAg carriers (IHCs). The NUC-treated cohort was divided into 83 patients receiving additional Peg-IFNα treatment (NUC add-on Peg-IFNα group) and 123 patients continuing NUC monotherapy (NUC group). The IHC cohort was divided into 86 patients receiving Peg-IFNα treatment (Peg-IFNα group) and 86 untreated patients (untreated group). The primary endpoint was the HBsAg clearance rate at week 24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At week 24, the HBsAg clearance rates in the NUC add-on Peg-IFNα group and Peg-IFNα group were 69.88% and 55.81%, respectively (p = 0.059), both significantly higher than the zero clearance rates in the NUC and untreated groups (p < 0.001). Patients with baseline HBsAg <10 IU/ml achieved higher clearance rates [81.82% vs. 73.81% (p = 0.144)]. A decline of ≥95.8% in HBsAg levels from baseline to week 12 predicted HBsAg clearance at week 24 (AUC ≥0.9, sensitivity 0.765, specificity 0.961).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term Peg-IFNα therapy achieved high and comparable HBsAg clearance rates within 24 weeks in NUC-treated patients and IHCs with ultra-low HBsAg levels.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn/login, identifier MR-50-24-011565.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1582997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of <i>Dothideomycetes</i> fungi associated with <i>Dracaena</i> plants.","authors":"Napalai Chaiwan, Kevin David Hyde, Ruvishika Shehali Jayawardena, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dhanushka N Wanasinghe, Ishara Sandeepani Manawasinghe, Dimuthu S Manamgoda, Itthayakorn Promputtha","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1686965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1686965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1550824.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1686965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell line-dependent release of quasi-enveloped hepatitis E virus reveals alternative Golgi-associated egress in the absence of pORF3.","authors":"Nele Gremmel, Mirco Glitscher, Johannes Scholz, Ashish Gadicherla, Reimar Johne, Eberhard Hildt, Paul Becher","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1661270","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1661270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) particles are released from infected cells in a quasi-enveloped form, typically via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, which is mediated by the viral accessory protein pORF3. However, cell-type specific aspects of this release mechanism remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the release and envelopment characteristics of a pORF3-deficient genotype 3c HEV (HEVΔORF3) in comparison to wild-type HEV (HEVwt) in two human cell lines: hepatoma-derived PLC/PRF/5 and lung carcinoma-derived A549/D3 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While viral release of HEVΔORF3 was strongly impaired in A549/D3 cells, PLC/PRF/5 cells supported efficient viral release despite the absence of pORF3. In PLC/PRF/5 cells, HEV particles retained quasi-envelopment and utilized an alternative, Golgi-associated egress pathway in the absence of pORF3. In contrast, A549/D3 cells did not support this compensatory release route.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight a pronounced cell line-dependent variability in HEV release pathways, emphasizing the importance of cellular context in studies of HEV biology and antiviral strategies targeting virus egress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1661270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of <i>CHT3</i> in <i>Candida albicans</i> wild-type strains increases surface-exposed chitin and affects host-pathogen interaction.","authors":"María Teresa Blázquez-Muñoz, Augusto Costa-Barbosa, María Alvarado, Alexandre Mendonça, Sami Benkhellat, Manuel Vilanova, Sebastián Fernández-Sánchez, Alexandra Correia, Piet W J de Groot, Paula Sampaio","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1654710","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1654710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chitinase Cht3 plays a major role in the chitinolytic activity of the pathogenic yeast <i>Candida albicans</i> and has also been proposed as a major antigen with potential for vaccine development against systemic candidiasis. The current study aims to enhance our knowledge on the role of Cht3 in cell surface organization and virulence of <i>C. albicans.</i> To this end, <i>CHT3</i> deletion mutants generated in two wild-type genetic backgrounds (reference strain SC5314 and clinical isolate 124A) were phenotypically characterized. Absence of <i>CHT3</i> did not affect growth rate but affected cell separation of dividing yeast cells at 37 °C. Further, <i>cht3</i>Δ mutants showed enhanced levels of surface-exposed chitin and slightly increased resistance to the cell wall perturbants Calcofluor white and Congo red and the β-1,3-glucan hydrolyzing enzyme Zymolyase, while the total level of chitin appeared unaltered. Deletion of one gene copy diminished <i>CHT3</i> transcript levels by about 90% in both backgrounds. In strain 124A, showing two-fold higher <i>CHT3</i> expression than SC5314, loss of <i>CHT3</i> was compensated by upregulation of <i>CHT2</i>. Infection studies with <i>cht3</i>Δ mutants in strain 124A showed that <i>CHT3</i> deletion led to attenuated virulence. Histological analysis of infected kidneys showed that <i>CHT3</i> deletion did not affect the morphology of <i>C. albicans</i> cells during infection, but it appeared to delay activation of macrophages for efficient yeast killing. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Cht3 activity is required for normal cell separation during yeast growth, cell surface organization, and full virulence of <i>C. albicans in vivo</i>. Its importance for virulence aligns with the earlier observed potential of Cht3 as vaccine candidate and warrants further studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its role in virulence and interaction with the host immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1654710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria and dyserythropoiesis: a mini review.","authors":"Fang-Fang Liu, Ke Li","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1679337","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1679337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria associated anemia is increasingly recognized as a consequence not only of red cell destruction but of profound, parasite driven disruption of erythropoiesis within the bone marrow niche. Here, we synthesize recent <i>in vitro</i>, ex vivo, clinical and postmortem studies to construct a unified mechanistic framework in which four interlocking pathways converge to produce dyserythropoiesis. First, a cytokine storm dominated by IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MIF suppresses erythropoietin synthesis, upregulates hepcidin and diverts erythroid progenitors toward myeloid fate via destabilization of GATA-1. Second, hemozoin crystals catalyze Fenton chemistry and lipid peroxidation, generating 4-hydroxynonenal adducts that cripple GATA-1 and trigger mitochondrial apoptosis of erythroblasts. Third, <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites preferentially infect orthochromatic erythroblasts, prolonging a 10-day gametocyte maturation cycle beyond the host's 3-4-day enucleation window and releasing extracellular vesicles that arrest terminal differentiation. Fourth, hemozoin-laden macrophages remodel erythroblastic islands, precipitating local iron restriction and sustained oxidative stress. Together these processes create a \"developmental sanctuary\" that favors parasite persistence while crippling host erythropoiesis. We also highlight emerging single-cell and spatial-omics technologies, together with 3-D bone-marrow organoids, as platforms for dissecting spatiotemporal parasite-host interactions and for testing niche-targeted therapies aimed at reversing ineffective erythropoiesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1679337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, specific resistance patterns, and molecular mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant <i>Morganella morganii</i> isolates.","authors":"Xiangkuo Zheng, Weiliang Zeng, Yan Liu, Luozhu Feng, Jiayin Zheng, Tieli Zhou, Changrui Qian, Cui Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1672736","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1672736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant <i>Morganella morganii</i> (<i>M. morganii</i>) pose a serious global challenge. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, resistance patterns, and molecular mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant <i>M. morganii</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 170 <i>M. morganii</i> clinical isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China) between January 2016 and December 2017. Carbapenem MICs were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Carbapenem resistance determinants, including carbapenemase genes (<i>bla</i> _KPC-2, <i>bla</i> _VIM, <i>bla</i> _IMP, <i>bla</i> _NDM, and <i>bla</i> _OXA-48) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes (<i>bla</i> _TEM, <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-1, and <i>bla</i> _SHV), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR and sequencing assays were performed to detect penicillin-binding protein (PBP) mutations. Efflux pump activity was also assessed in carbapenem-resistant isolates. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the relative mRNA expression levels of outer membrane porin-encoding gene <i>ompC</i> and PBP activator-encoding genes <i>lpoA</i> and <i>lpoB</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six imipenem-resistant and 108 imipenem-intermediate <i>M. morganii</i> isolates were identified, accounting for 15.29% and 63.53% of cases, respectively. No isolates were resistant to meropenem or ertapenem. Among the 26 carbapenem-resistant isolates, the prevalence of ESBL genes <i>bla</i> _TEM and <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-1 was 30.77% and 11.54%, respectively, while carbapenemase genes were not detected. Resistant isolates carried more specific PBP mutations than carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-intermediate isolates. Efflux pump phenotypes were associated with reduced imipenem susceptibility in 13 carbapenem-resistant isolates. qRT-PCR revealed no significant differences in <i>ompC</i> expression among the resistant, intermediate, and susceptible groups; however, significant differences were observed in <i>lpoA</i> and <i>lpoB</i> expression. Isolates in the imipenem-resistant group carried more PBP mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>M. morganii</i> isolates were commonly non-susceptible to imipenem but remained susceptible to meropenem and ertapenem. Low expression of PBP activator genes (<i>lpoA</i> and <i>lpoB</i>), along with the presence of specific PBP mutations, appeared to be the primary mechanisms of resistance. In addition, efflux pump overexpression may contribute to imipenem resistance in <i>M. morganii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1672736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antibacterial efficacy of bacteriophage combined with tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and characterization of phage resistant mutants.","authors":"Rui Zhu, Ruilin Wang, Bing Fei, Ruici Lu, Xiaojuan You, Xinwei Liu, Chunxia Wang, Yongwei Li","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1610625","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1610625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) has emerged as a critical global public health threat, characterized by high infection rates, elevated mortality, and limited therapeutic options. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel bacteriophage (phage), designated as HZJ31, which exhibited potent lytic activity against CRKP strains. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses revealed that phage HZJ31 belongs to the order <i>Caudovirales</i> and lacks virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, and lysogeny-related elements, supporting its suitability for therapeutic applications. Phage HZJ31 exhibits remarkable anti-biofilm activity by preventing biofilm formation and disrupting established biofilms, with bacterial reduction rates exceeding 70% (<i>P</i><0.05). In combination with Tigecycline, it significantly enhanced bactericidal efficacy, delayed the emergence of phage resistant mutants, and improved survival rates in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae infection models. Compared to the bacterial-infected group, which had 80% larval mortality at 96 h, treatment with HZJ31 or TGC alone led to 50% and 60% survival, while their combination improved survival to 70% (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Notably, the phage-resistant mutant, which emerged due to capsule loss, resulted in reduced growth and virulence, while regaining sensitivity to certain antibiotics (such as gentamicin), indicating a fitness cost associated with phage resistance. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into phage-antibiotic synergy and underscore the promising clinical potential of phage HZJ31 as a therapeutic agent against CRKP infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1610625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population structure and emergence of resistance to new and repurposed drugs in XDR-TB: insights from a 10-year genomic study in the Western Cape, South Africa review.","authors":"Justice Tresor Ngom, Johannes Loubser, Elizna Maasdorp, Yonas Ghebrekristos, Sarishna Singh, Christoffel J Opperman, Marisa Klopper, Robin Mark Warren, Elizabeth M Streicher","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1638577","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1638577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a global health threat, being expensive and difficult to treat, with high mortality rates. The Western Cape Province (WCP), South Africa, has a particularly high burden of XDR-TB (>800 cases in the past ten years). Drug resistance genotypes and transmission present substantial regional variability. Thus, a better understanding of genetic diversity, clustering and the factors related to transmission can aid in prioritising resources to effectively target high-risk populations and regions that are disproportionately affected. We describe genetic diversity, drug resistance profiles and identify potential factors associated with the spread of XDR-TB strains collected in the WCP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 729 XDR-TB samples (one per patient), identified through routine diagnosis spanning 2010 to 2019, from six healthcare districts (HCDs) in the WCP. Genomic DNA from cultured isolates was sequenced using the Illumina platform. Sequences were analysed for strain type, drug resistance mutations, and genomic clustering using the TBProfiler and MTBseq pipelines. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify potential factors associated with genomic traits related to the spread of XDR-TB strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 729 XDR-TB strains, sublineage 2.2.2 (Atypical Beijing: n=378, 58.79%) strains were predominant, followed by Sublineage 2.2.1 (Typical Beijing: n=260, 40.43%). Atypical Beijing strains were more likely to cluster than Typical Beijing strains. Most of the clusters were small, with a few large and very large clusters, and the strains within very large clusters (primarily Atypical Beijing) were more likely to be found within Cape Town Metropole, Cape Winelands and Garden Route HCDs. Certain Atypical Beijing strains were found resistant to new and repurposed drugs recently introduced in the WHO treatment guidelines and clustered, indicating potential transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Near-untreatable Atypical Beijing strains are prevalent in the WCP. Hence, hotspot areas for clustering in Cape Town Metropole, Cape Winelands and Garden Route HCDs should be prioritised for targeted intervention to prevent ongoing XDR-TB transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1638577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends and climatic drivers of pediatric respiratory infections in Wuhan, China: a multi-pathogen analysis.","authors":"Changzhen Li, Lei Xi, Jingjing Rao, Feng Tang, Yun Xiang, Xiaomei Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1624638","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1624638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterize the epidemiology of pediatric respiratory infections and evaluate the lagged, nonlinear associations between meteorological factors and pathogen activity in post-COVID-19 Wuhan, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28,903 respiratory specimens were collected from pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital between November 2023 and February 2025. Seven pathogens-<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A/B, and parainfluenza virus types I/III-were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. Epidemiological patterns were analyzed by age, sex, seasonality, and clinical setting. Daily meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) were aggregated citywide and temporally matched to case data. Spearman correlation and generalized additive models integrated with distributed lag nonlinear models (GAM-DLNMs) were used to assess pathogen-specific climatic sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>M. pneumoniae</i> (18.9%), adenovirus (14.5%), and RSV (9.1%) were the most prevalent pathogens. Distinct age- and sex-specific distributions were observed, with <i>M. pneumoniae</i> peaking in school-aged boys and RSV in infants. Seasonal peaks were evident: RSV and influenza A predominated in winter, while <i>adenovirus</i> peaked in spring. Meteorological analysis revealed pathogen-specific associations: low humidity preceded RSV surges by 7-14 days; influenza B was strongly associated with wind exposure; and extreme climatic conditions showed heterogeneous effects on transmission risk across pathogens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the utility of GAM-DLNMs in capturing climate-sensitive, time-lagged transmission dynamics for multiple pediatric respiratory pathogens. The findings support the development of localized, climate-informed early warning systems to enhance respiratory disease surveillance and preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1624638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the oral virome in patients with diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Yidi Zhang, Yue Zhang, Guorui Xing, Ting Mei, Minhui Wang, Chunxia Huang, Hanzhi Yi, Yu Zhan, Sen Yang, Qiulong Yan, Shenghui Li, Changming Chen","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1607798","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1607798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM), a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, has been increasingly linked to dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. However, the relationship between the virome, a crucial component of the oral microbiome, and DM remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore the characteristics of the oral virome in DM patients, we analyze the oral viral communities of 45 DM patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) using a publicly available metagenomic dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed no significant differences in a-diversity between DM patients and HC. However, <i>Podovirus</i> was enriched in DM patients, whereas <i>Microviridae</i> was more prevalent in HC. A total of 1,131 virus signal was identified, primarily belonging to the <i>Siphovirus</i> and <i>Myovirus</i> taxa. Notably, HC-enriched vOTUs exhibited broader host tropism, predominantly infecting <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, and <i>Gemella</i>, whereas DM-enriched vOTUs showed narrower specificity for <i>Pauljensenia</i> and <i>Veillonella</i>. Cross-kingdom network analysis suggested that certain viruses (HMP_1157.k81_309051) may have potential links to the development of DM, and the bacteria genus F0040 might play a significant role in maintaining oral health. Additionally, the random forest model based on viral markers effectively distinguished between HC and DM patients (AUC =90.8%), significantly outperforming the bacterial model.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This indicates that these unique viral markers could serve as potential targets for DM intervention. Taken together, our findings reveal distinct alterations in the oral virome of DM patients and highlight its promise as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in metabolic disease research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1607798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}