Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Metabolomics and lipidomics of plasma biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnostics using UHPLC-HRMS.","authors":"Gaofeng Sun, Quan Wang, Xinjie Shan, Maierheba Kuerbanjiang, Ruiying Ma, Wensi Zhou, Lin Sun, Qifeng Li","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1526740","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1526740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Determining metabolic profiles during host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing novel diagnostic tests and exploring the mechanisms underlying infectious diseases. However, the characteristics of the circulating metabolites and their functions after <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the differential metabolites in tuberculosis (TB) patients and explore the diagnostic value of these metabolites as potential biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two TB patients and 78 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited as the training set, while 30 TB patients and 30 HCs were enrolled as the independent validation set. Metabolites in plasma samples were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were screened using principal component analysis and machine learning algorithms including LASSO, Random Forest, and XGBoost. The diagnostic accuracy of the core differential metabolites was evaluated. Pearson correlation analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The metabolic profiling of TB patients showed significant separation from that of the HCs. In the training set, 282 metabolites were identified as differentially expressed in TB patients, with 214 metabolites validated in the independent validation cohort. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism. Seven core differential metabolites were identified by the three machine learning algorithms. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that Angiotensin IV had high accuracy in diagnosing TB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These newly identified plasma metabolites are expected to serve as potentially valuable biomarkers for TB, potentially facilitating the diagnosis of the disease and enhancing the understanding of its underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1526740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Majority of the erythrocyte binding proteins of the Pvfam \"a\" family of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> interact with Basigin to assist parasite entry into the host cell.","authors":"Manish Tripathi, Meghna Santoshi, Yagya D Sharma, Sumit Rathore","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1592281","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1592281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular mechanisms of red cell invasion by the <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> parasite remain obscure since information on receptor-ligand interaction is scarce. Several proteins of the <i>P. vivax</i> Pvfam \"a\" family are known to bind with host erythrocytes. Some of them share their erythrocyte receptors with each other and <i>vice versa</i>, but the identification of these receptors is awaited with the exception of PvTRAg38. Here, we demonstrate by using solid-phase binding assay and surface plasmon resonance that majority (7 out of 10) of these erythrocyte binding proteins (PvTRAg, PvTRAg33.5, PvTRAg35.2, PvTRAg34, PvTRAg36, PvTRAg38, and PvTRAg69.4) interact with the erythrocyte receptor Basigin. These interactions seem to be important for the parasite's survival since each of these proteins interfered with the parasite's growth in a heterologous culture system. Furthermore, a higher parasite growth inhibition rate was observed with the combination of these proteins, suggesting the significance of multiple parasite ligand's interaction with the same erythrocyte receptor during the invasion process. These results will be helpful in understanding <i>P. vivax</i> biology and developing the therapeutics for vivax malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1592281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental dissection of tuberculosis protective immunity: a human perspective.","authors":"Sarah Schmidiger, Damien Portevin","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1595076","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1595076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has plagued humankind for millennia. Claiming 1.25 million lives in 2023, TB remains the worldwide leading cause of death from a single-infectious agent. Improved vaccines, diagnostics and treatment regimens for drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cases are paramount to attain the goals of the WHO's End TB Strategy. Our knowledge gap in protective immunity in TB impedes the development of such new vaccines and host-directed interventions. <i>Mtb</i> is a pathogen highly adapted to humans and primarily infects the lungs. Access to relevant specimens is invasive, preventing ample human TB studies, which therefore mostly rely on peripheral blood specimens and biopsies. Thus, there is a need for relevant surrogates. In recent years, <i>in vivo</i>, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in silico</i> systems have arisen to approach and model different aspects of TB pathogenesis. Moving away from cell-line infections and classical animal models, TB research has advanced to genetically diverse mice, 3D organoid cultures and computational modelling. We will review current TB models and discuss their applicability to decipher protective human immunity, understand disease progression, transmission, as well as evaluate vaccine candidates and unravel host-directed therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1595076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity and challenges of human papillomavirus testing for men.","authors":"Wenbo Ren, Yuting Jin, Lin Shi, Haizhen Chen, Zichen Zhang, Yifei Wang, Taiyu Zhai, Jing Huang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1563499","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1563499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond its historical association with cervical cancer in women, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a widespread health concern, particularly for men. Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of HPV-related cancers, including penile and anal cancers, among the male population, making the case for male HPV testing all the more compelling. The potential for cross-infection between sexual partners underscores the need for comprehensive screening strategies. However, challenges still remain, such as the limited availability of testing methods and the absence of uniform medical guidelines, hampering effective HPV detection in men. Addressing these challenges through intensified research efforts and the revision of medical guidelines is crucial to enhancing prevention strategies and unlocking significant public health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1563499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly silver nanoparticles from garlic: a novel therapeutic approach for treating <i>Escherichia fergusonii</i> wound infections.","authors":"Sozan M Abdelkhalig, Arwa Gamal Ali, Mohamed Farouk Ghaly, Nada K Alharbi, Maha Alharbi, Mahmoud M Bendary, Amira I Abousaty","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1604507","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1604507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Complicated wound infections pose a significant challenge to patient recovery and healthcare systems, particularly due to the emergence of less common but highly resistant multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that undermine the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies. This growing threat highlights the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial approaches.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In this study, we synthesized eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using garlic extract to combat complicated wound infections caused by atypical MDR pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, aligned with phenotypic identification methods, confirmed that <i>Escherichia fergusonii</i> (<i>E. fergusonii</i>) as a significant atypical pathogen responsible for complicated wound infections, with a prevalence rate of 24% (12 out of 50 cases). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all identified <i>E. fergusonii</i> strains exhibited MDR patterns. Garlic extract, analyzed using GC-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, identified sulfur-containing bioactive compounds such as allyl methyl trisulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and allicin, which facilitated the biosynthesis of AgNPs. Stable, spherical AgNPs (15-20 nm) with strong antimicrobial properties were confirmed under optimal conditions (10 mL garlic extract, 40°C, pH 8.0). Their properties were validated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. Antibacterial assays of AgNPs showed mean inhibition zones of 28±0.5 mm and MIC values of 100 µg/mL. TEM analysis revealed that AgNPs compromised bacterial membrane integrity, leading to structural damage, increased permeability, and leakage of intracellular contents. Simultaneously, they induced a concentration-dependent depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in <i>E. fergusonii</i>, suggesting that both membrane disruption and oxidative stress synergistically contribute to bacterial cell lysis and death. A strong synergistic interaction was observed between AgNPs, used at a safe concentration below 50 µM as confirmed by cytotoxicity assays, and antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, as evidenced by a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of 0.37. Time-kill assays demonstrated rapid bacterial eradication when AgNPs were combined with antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the promise of garlic-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a fast-acting, eco-friendly option for treating complex wound infections caused by atypical multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1604507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovo GenMax MTB-RIF/INH: a moderate-complexity automated NAAT for rapid simultaneous detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex and rifampin/isoniazid resistance.","authors":"Xichao Ou, Bing Zhao, Huiwen Zheng, Ruida Xing, Qian Sun, Zhonghua Qin, Lixia Zhang, Kai Cui, Yuanyuan Song, Yang Zheng, Yang Zhou, Shengfen Wang, Hui Xia, Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1600170","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1600170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the increase of treatment failure, relapse and acquired resistance observed in isoniazid (INH) resistance, there is an urgent to improve rifampin (RIF) -priority based diagnostic strategies. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of Innovo GenMax MTB-RIF/INH (GenMax), a moderate- complexity automated nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and resistance to RIF and INH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analytical sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD) was determined using serial dilutions of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv (ATCC 27249) strains. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed in clinical sputum specimens against microbiological reference standards (MRS: positive by smear microscopy, culture or Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosis of TB) and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). Discordant results were resolved by sequencing resistance genes (<i>IS6110</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, <i>katG</i>, <i>inhA</i>, <i>ahpC</i>) and follow-up diagnosis results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GenMax demonstrated a calculated LOD of 8.8 CFU/mL (95% CI: 7.4-11.4) for MTBC, 674.1 CFU/mL (95% CI: 578.8-923.5) for RIF resistance, and 747.3 CFU/mL (95% CI: 613.7-1081.3) for INH resistance. In clinical evaluation, the sensitivity and specificity for MTBC detection were 97.52% (95% CI: 92.38-99.36) and 93.65% (95% CI: 88.91-96.53), respectively. For RIF and INH resistance, sensitivities were 88.46% (95% CI: 68.72-96.97) and 85.19% (95% CI: 65.39-95.14), with specificity of 92.42% (95% CI: 82.50-97.18) and 94.12% (95% CI: 84.86-98.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Innovo GenMax MTB-RIF/INH is a rapid and automated assay with high sensitivity for MTBC detection, suitable for decentralized settings. While its performance for RIF/INH resistance detection is competitive with existing assays, its sensitivity remains gaps relative to WHO targets. Further optimization, particularly through expanded probe coverage, is needed to bridge this gap and ensure reliable detection in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1600170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Changes in children respiratory infections pre and post COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Yuanyuan Yue, Dan Wu, Qian Zeng, Yurong Li, Chun Yang, Xin Lv, Ling Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1644555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1644555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1549497.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1644555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inhibitory effects of 7ND protein on osteoclast differentiation in apical periodontitis.","authors":"Zhang-Zhang Ji, Xiu-Min Xu, Yu-Lin Lu, Run-Zhen Zhang, Ying Zhang, Zhi-Hui Zou, Qi Xu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1597604","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1597604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apical periodontitis (AP) is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition that affects the tissue surrounding the apex of a tooth root. 7ND protein, a mutant form of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), functions as a dominant negative inhibitor of MCP-1. Previous studies have shown that 7ND protein can suppress osteoclast differentiation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting its potential to prevent inflammatory bone destruction. However, whether 7ND protein can inhibit AP-induced osteolysis remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the effects of 7ND protein on osteoclast differentiation, we utilized RAW264.7 macrophage cells and an AP rat model. Western blotting analysis was employed to assess MCP-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells treated with 7ND protein. The impact of 7ND protein on osteoclast formation was evaluated both <i>in vitro</i> (using RAW264.7 cells) and <i>in vivo</i> (in AP rats). Additionally, X-ray imaging and micro-computed tomography were used to compare the lesion volume and area in the periapical regions of AP rats treated with 7ND protein versus those treated with PBS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Western blotting analysis revealed that 7ND protein reduced MCP-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cells without affecting their proliferation. Furthermore, 7ND protein significantly inhibited osteoclast formation in both RAW264.7 cells and AP rats. In AP rats treated with 7ND protein, X-ray imaging and micro-computed tomography demonstrated a significant decrease in lesion volume and area in the periapical regions compared to AP rats treated with PBS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that 7ND protein has the potential to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and reduce bone loss associated with apical periodontitis. These findings suggest that 7ND protein may serve as a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of AP-related osteolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1597604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intersection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and gastric cancer: signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Zekun He, Yanan Zhou, Jianping Liu, Nianshuang Li, Huizhen Fan","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1601501","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1601501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is widely recognized as a potent risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, although only a small percentage of infected individuals develop malignancy. Recent advances have provided insights into how <i>H. pylori</i> contributes to gastric tumorigenesis through the modulation of inflammation, DNA damage, and cellular junctions via shared host cell targets and signaling pathways. A thorough examination of the signaling pathways altered by <i>H. pylori</i> infection could facilitate the discovery of previously unidentified infectious causes of cancer. This, in turn, would support the development of preventive strategies for <i>H. pylori</i>-related gastric malignancies by understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis. This review highlights recent advancements in understanding how <i>H. pylori</i> influences host cell signaling pathways to impact inflammation, genomic stability, abnormal cell proliferation, and other biological processes that promote the onset and progression of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1601501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease: interaction with intestinal barriers and microbiota-targeted treatment options.","authors":"Hongjun Xie, Siyan Yu, Mingyu Tang, Yating Xun, Qin Shen, Gaojue Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1608025","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1608025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have deepened our understanding on gut microbiota alterations and the interaction with intestinal barrier impairments, which play a crucial role in the etiology and pathophysiology of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD including the altered microbiota composition, decreased beneficial species and increased harmful species. The disturbed gut microbiota results in the aggravation of intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of antimicrobial substances in mucus layer, tight junction protein in mechanical layer and inflammatory response in immune layer. The therapeutic options targeted on the microbiota including antibiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) exhibit efficacies and limitations in the treatment of IBD. Reasonable single or combined use of these treatments can restore intestinal microecological homeostasis, which further contributes to the treatment of IBD. This review analyzes the underlying mechanisms for the interaction between microbiota alterations and gut barrier dysfunction in IBD; meanwhile, it provides new insights into the microbiota-targeted therapeutic options IBD, including the benefits, risks and limitations of antibiotic and probiotic therapies, unresolved clinical application strategies for FMT, and combination administrations of antibiotics and FMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1608025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}