Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory and neuropathological responses to <i>Vesiculovirus carajas</i> encephalitis in adult mice: variability, tolerance and resistance.","authors":"Maria Sueli Barbosa Cavalcante, Diego Siqueira Santos, Lidineuza Machado Araújo, Priscilla Lieuthier Freitas, Carlos Augusto Moreira Silva, Karina Glazianne Barbosa Carvalho, Marialva Tereza Ferreira Araújo, Eliana Viera Pinto da Silva, Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues de Farias, Daniel Guerreiro Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz, José Antonio Picanço Diniz","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1499658","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1499658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vesiculovirus carajas</i> (CARV) is a pathogen with neuroinvasive potential, yet its impact on neuroinflammation and sickness behavior remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the neuropathological and immunological responses to CARV encephalitis in adult BALB/c mice. Mice were intranasally inoculated with either infected or uninfected brain homogenates, and clinical, histopathological, and cytokine profiles were analyzed. CARV antigens were primarily detected in necrotic neurons, with prominent microglial activation near the ventricles and blood vessels. By day 10 post-infection, infected mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of MCP-1, IFN-γ, IL-12 p70, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the brain, indicating a strong inflammatory response. These findings highlight the inflammatory modulation associated with CARV infection and suggest a hematogenous route of neuroinvasion, distinguishing CARV from other vesiculovirus species. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of CARV encephalitis and its potential impact on neuroimmune dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1499658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-serine metabolic regulation and host respiratory homeostasis.","authors":"Pan Li, Xiaoyan Wu, Yanlan Huang, Ruijing Qin, Pan Xiong, Yangyang Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1518659","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1518659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L<b>-</b>Serine, a non-essential amino acid (NEAA), can be obtained through diet or <i>in situ</i> synthesis. Functionally, L-serine not only serves as the precursor of other amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides, but also participates in the folate/methionine cycle. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that L-serine is widely used in the adjuvant therapy of many diseases (e.g., inflammation, infections, fibrosis, and tumors). Here, we summarize the synthesis and metabolism of serine followed by its functions in health and disease. Moreover, we delineate the potential mechanisms whereby L-serine is involved in the occurrence and progression of respiratory diseases. This review aims to summarize the research progress of serine in diseases, propose the problems that need to be solved in the future, and provide guidance for subsequent research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1518659"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation to optimize polymyxin B dosing regimens for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia.","authors":"Yingying Yu, Zheng He, Chengcheng Wang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1533177","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1533177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to predict and evaluate the efficacy of various polymyxin B dosing regimens for Gram-negative bacteremia using Monte Carlo simulation, with a specific focus on assessing the efficacy in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The goal was to optimize clinical dosing regimens and guide rational polymyxin B use in practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,939 Gram-negative bacterial strains were analyzed, collected between April 2019 and December 2021 through the China Bloodstream Gram-negative Pathogens Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Surveillance Network (CARVIS-NET). Pharmacokinetic parameters of polymyxin B from existing literature were used to conduct a Monte Carlo simulation based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) theory. The probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) were evaluated across various dosing regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main pathogens of Gram-negative bacteremia were <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, all of which demonstrated high susceptibility to polymyxin B. For pathogens with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤1 mg/L, all regimens achieved PTA >90%. However, when the MIC increased to 2 mg/L, the PTA for the 500,000 IU q12h regimen decreased to 77.53%, and at an MIC of 4 mg/L, none of the dosing regimens achieved a PTA >90%. For <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> with MIC ≤0.5 mg/L, all regimens demonstrated effectiveness. However, at MIC ≥1 mg/L, significant declines in PTA were observed, with the 500,000 IU q12h and 1.25 mg/kg q12h regimens yielding suboptimal outcomes. In CRRT patients, PTA values declined further, particularly against <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, raising concerns about potential treatment failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polymyxin B demonstrates high efficacy for Gram-negative bacteremia with MIC ≤1 mg/L. However, efficacy diminishes as MIC increases, particularly for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, where 500,000 IU q12h and 1.25 mg/kg q12h regimens may result in suboptimal outcomes. For CRRT patients with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> bacteremia, therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments are crucial to mitigate treatment failure risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1533177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of a dual qPCR method for the detection of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in bloodstream infections.","authors":"Lin Yu, Xianglan Kou, Ze Liu, Chushi Guan, Baoqing Sun","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1490528","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1490528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bloodstream infections(BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) have a high mortality rate due to the high levels of drug resistance. There is an urgent need to establish a sensitive and accurate detection method to rapidly detect CRAB in BSIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new method was developed based on fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the specific region of 16sRNA and OXA-23 gene from CRAB. The parameters were evaluated and optimized. This qPCR method was further applied in the detection of AB from 30 clinical specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The qPCR method established in this study showed high specificity. The method successfully differentiated <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>(A. baumanii) from 26 other common pathogens in BSIs and identify the carbapenem resistance gene. The qPCR method shows a limit of detection (LOD) of 3×10^-3 ng/μL, and displays good linear relationship between 16sRNA and OXA-23 and excellent repeatability (CV ≤2%). The results for the detection of 30 clinical specimens using this new qPCR method are in complete agreement with those using blood culture and drug susceptibility test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The qPCR method established in this study has strong specificity, wide linear range, good repeatability, and a lower LOD than PCR (Non-fluorescence quantification). The method provides new technical support for the early clinical diagnosis of CRAB in BSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1490528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic antifungal effects and mechanisms of amantadine hydrochloride combined with azole antifungal drugs on drug-resistant <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Xiuyun Li, Yuanyuan Zhi, Ximeng Duan, Xu Chen, Min Cui, Shicun Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1455123","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1455123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing resistance of <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>) to conventional antifungal drugs poses a great challenge to the clinical treatment of infections caused by this yeast. Drug combinations are a potential therapeutic approach to overcome the drug- resistance of <i>C. albicans</i>. This study explored the synergistic effects of amantadine hydrochloride (AMH) combined with azole antifungal drugs against drug-resistant <i>C. albicans in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>in vitro</i> sensitivity of <i>Candida</i> spp. to drugs was determined by the microdilution method. The effect of drugs on the efflux pump activity of <i>C. albicans</i> was determined by the rhodamine 6G tracer method. The egg yolk agar plate method was used to determine the activity of extracellular phospholipase, a <i>C. albicans</i> virulence factor. The <i>Galleria mellonella</i> model of <i>C. albicans</i> infection was used to test the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of the combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that combinations of AMH with azole antifungal drugs had synergistic antifungal effects on planktonic cells of drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>, with fractional inhibitory concentration index values of <0.5. The <i>in vivo</i> synergistic effects and mechanism of drug combinations with AMH were further studied using fluconazole (FLC) as a representative azole antifungal drug. <i>In vivo</i>, <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae were used to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of AMH +FLC. AMH + FLC treatment increased the survival rate of larvae infected with drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> and reduced tissue invasion. Studies of the mechanism of synergy showed that AMH inhibited drug efflux pump activity in drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>, and that AMH + FLC synergistically inhibited early biofilms and the extracellular phospholipase activity of drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides strong evidence that combinations of non-antifungal drugs and antifungal drugs can effectively overcome drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> infection. Both AMH and FLC are FDA-approved drugs, eliminating concerns about safety. Our findings provide a foundation for further clinical antifungal research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1455123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Macrophage variants in laboratory research: most are well done, but some are RAW.","authors":"Marc Herb, Valentin Schatz, Karina Hadrian, Deniz Hos, Bohdan Holoborodko, Jonathan Jantsch, Natascha Brigo","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1575550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1575550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1457323.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1575550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid profiles of targeted metabolomics on neurotransmitters in patients with post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis.","authors":"Zhaojun Mei, Liao Guan, Ziao Xu, Hongwei Cheng, Lei Ye","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1484144","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1484144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) is a severe complication in patients receiving neurosurgical treatments. Pathogens and neuroinflammation have been reported to influence metabolites in the microenvironment of the central nervous system. However, information about the relationship between neurotransmitter levels and PNBM is still limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of neurotransmitters for PNBM in the patients with stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 66 stroke patients were recruited. Among them, 40 patients were complicated with PNBM. We profiled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurotransmitter precursors and metabolites using the targeted metabolomics method, which contained 26 precursors and metabolites of neurotransmitters, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 14 biomarkers were downregulated but 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was upregulated in the CSF of PNBM patients. Among the biomarkers, D-glutamine (AUC=1.000), Boc-D-Tyr-OH (AUC=0.9447), L(+)-arginine (AUC=0.9418), and DOPAC (AUC=0.9173) had strong diagnostic efficiency for PNBM. Bioinformatic analysis showed that tyrosine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, histidine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism might be involved in the pathogenesis of PNBM. After reviewing previous studies, we found a probable diverse pathophysiological alteration between PNBM and community-acquired bacterial meningitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, we identified downregulated levels of D-glutamine, Boc-D-Tyr-OH, L(+)-arginine, and phenprobamate, and an upregulated level of DOPAC in CSF to have strong diagnostic efficiencies. The results also offered potential targets for the treatment of PNBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1484144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.","authors":"Mohammad Sina Alikhani, Mohsen Nazari, Shima Hatamkhani","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1521091","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1521091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from <i>in-vitro</i> studies, <i>in-vivo</i> models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles. Additionally, we discuss the pivotal role of PK/PD principles in determining optimal dosage regimens. By providing a comprehensive overview of PK/PD principles in antibiotic therapy, this review aims to enhance understanding and improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1521091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global research trends in the intestinal microflora and depression: bibliometrics and visual analysis.","authors":"Qian Xu, Qingwei Xiang, Zihu Tan, Qiong Yang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1507667","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1507667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and human health has garnered significant attention. Notably, the potential connection between gut microbiota and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, has emerged as a new focal point for research. While some studies suggest a possible link between these factors, the field remains in its early stages of development, and there are notable methodological and sample size limitations.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to systematically summarize the knowledge systems, research hotspots, and development trends related to intestinal microflora within the context of depression research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a search for publications related to intestinal microflora and depression in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) prior to August 6, 2024. The selected literature was subsequently analyzed using VOSviewer (v.1.6.20), SCImago Graphica (v.1.0.39), and CiteSpace (v.6.3.1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study encompassed a total of 1,046 publications, demonstrating a consistent increase in annual publication volume. The primary research countries identified are China and the United States, with notable contributions from institutions such as the University of California and University College Cork, among others. Keywords analysis highlighted high-frequency terms including \"gut microbiota,\" \"depression,\" and \"anxiety,\" and revealed 10 keyword clusters along with 20 strongest citation bursts keywords. The focus of research has shifted from compositional analysis of gut microbiota to its role in the pathogenesis of depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research on gut microbiota and depression is growing, but there is still a need for greater collaboration between authors and institutions across regions, more ongoing interaction and communication to further explore the mechanisms of action of gut microbiota, to develop microbiota-based interventions, and to facilitate translation of research findings into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1507667"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of microbiome-derived metabolic functions and translational research in liver diseases.","authors":"Raja Ganesan, Durairaj Thirumurugan, Saranya Vinayagam, Dong Joon Kim, Ki Tae Suk, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy, Jyoti Parkash, Arvinder Wander, Balachandar Vellingiri","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1488874","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1488874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant changes in gut microbial composition are associated with chronic liver disease. Using preclinical models, it has been demonstrated that ethanol/alcohol-induced liver disease is transmissible through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). So, the survival rate of people with severe alcoholic hepatitis got better, which suggests that changes in the makeup and function of gut microbiota play a role in metabolic liver disease. The leaky intestinal barrier plays a major role in influencing metabolic-related liver disease development through the gut microbiota. As a result, viable bacteria and microbial products can be transported to the liver, causing inflammation, contributing to hepatocyte death, and causing the fibrotic response. As metabolic-related liver disease starts and gets worse, gut dysbiosis is linked to changes in the immune system, the bile acid composition, and the metabolic function of the microbiota in the gut. Metabolic-related liver disease, as well as its self-perpetuation, will be demonstrated using data from preclinical and human studies. Further, we summarize how untargeted treatment approaches affect the gut microbiota in metabolic-related liver disease, including dietary changes, probiotics, antibiotics, and FMT. It discusses how targeted therapies can improve liver disease in various areas. These approaches may improve metabolic-related liver disease treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1488874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}