Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pathogenic characterization of <i>Phialophora submersa</i>, a new black yeast isolated from freshwater sediments in Spain.","authors":"Ana Fernández-Bravo, Laura Camuña-Pardo, Marta Sanchis, Youssef Ahmiane, Javier Capilla, Josepa Gené","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1620047","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1620047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phialophora submersa</i> is a recently described black yeast species (<i>Chaetothyriales</i>), isolated from freshwater sediments in Catalonia (Spain). It is closely related to <i>P. americana</i> and <i>P. verrucosa</i>, two opportunistic pathogens known to cause subcutaneous infections in humans and animals. This study investigates the pathogenic potential of <i>P. submersa</i>, its <i>in vitro</i> susceptibility to clinically relevant antifungal agents, and its response to various cellular stressors. Using a murine macrophage (J774A.1) infection model, we evaluated phagocytosis, intracellular survival, cell damage, and the expression of six immune-related genes (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>CCL20</i>, <i>RELA</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>), in comparison with <i>P. americana</i> and <i>P. verrucosa</i>. The results showed that <i>P. submersa</i> induced higher phagocytosis rates in murine macrophages than the <i>P. verrucosa</i>, although lower than <i>P. americana</i>. Cell damage, intracellular survival, and expression of the immune-related genes were higher after macrophage infection with <i>P. verrucosa</i> than with <i>P. submersa</i> and <i>P. americana</i>, which exhibited comparable profiles. All three species displayed similar antifungal susceptibility profiles, being susceptible to most azoles (except fluconazole), terbinafine, and echinocandins (with reduced efficacy against <i>P. verrucosa</i>), but showed moderate resistance to flucytosine, amphotericin B, and olorofim. The resistance of <i>P. submersa</i> to stress was strain-dependent, with only one strain exhibiting notable resistance to multiple stressors. This research provides new insights into the biology of <i>P. submersa</i>, including its potential as a human pathogen, and the molecular factors that could drive an infection process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1620047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory analysis of potential association between oral <i>Haemophilus</i> and sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder patients.","authors":"Yachen Shi, En Zhao, Weigang Gong, Qianqian Gao, Yang Li, Guangjun Xi, Yan Han, Hui Weng, Feng Wang, Feng Geng, Gaojia Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617553","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current study aimed to explore the specific oral microbiota profiles in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with sleep disturbances, and to evaluate the potential mechanisms by which oral microbiota may be implicated in MDD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-eight MDD patients experiencing sleep disturbances and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were included. All MDD patients underwent a 14-day antidepressive treatment regimen. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the abundance of oral bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral genera <i>Solobacterium</i>, <i>Granulicatella</i>, <i>Campylobacter</i>, and <i>Haemophilus</i> showed significant changes in their relative abundances between the MDD and HC groups. Significant correlations were found between the abundance of <i>Haemophilus</i> and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) scores in MDD patients with sleep disturbances. In MDD patients, lower relative abundances of oral <i>Haemophilus</i> prior to treatment were negatively correlated with the changed rates of PSQI and HAMD-24 scores after antidepressive treatment. The glial fibrillary acidic protein as the mediator, affected the relationship between the relative abundance of oral <i>Haemophilus</i> and sleep disturbances in MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral <i>Haemophilus</i> dysbiosis may drive sleep disturbances in MDD patients, possibly through its impact on neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1617553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global proteome of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> EF3030 under nutrient-defined <i>in vitro</i> conditions.","authors":"Supradipta De, Larissa M Busch, Gerhard Burchhardt, Manuela Gesell Salazar, Rabea Schlüter, Leif Steil, Uwe Völker, Sven Hammerschmidt","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1606161","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1606161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is a human pathobiont that asymptomatically colonizes the upper respiratory tract but can cause severe diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, as well as non-invasive infections like otitis media and sinusitis. It thrives in the nutrient-limited environment of the nasopharynx and has evolved mechanisms to manage host-induced stress and regulate protein levels accordingly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the molecular biology of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> under in vitro and infection-relevant conditions, a suitable cultivation medium is essential for reproducible experiments. We, therefore optimized a chemically defined minimal medium that mimics the nutrient-limited conditions of the human nasopharynx. This medium was used to cultivate clinical isolates and other streptococcal species for proteomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The optimized medium enhanced growth and shortened the lag phase of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and related species. Using this medium, we analyzed the global proteome of the pneumococcal colonizing strain EF3030 during its transition from early to late logarithmic growth phase. Distinct changes in protein abundance were observed in functional categories such as metabolism, amino acid synthesis, natural competence, RNA and cell wall synthesis, protein degradation, and stress responses. Notably, proteins involved in DNA uptake and processing-such as choline-binding protein CbpD, competence factors ComGA and ComEA, and ssDNA-binding proteins Dpr and DprA-were more abundant in the late log phase.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight dynamic proteomic changes associated with pneumococcal adaptation to nutrient-limited conditions and provide insights into the biology of strain EF3030 during colonization. The optimized medium offers a reproducible platform for studying pneumococcal physiology and pathogenesis under defined conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1606161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replication differences of SARS-CoV-2 lineages may arise from unique RNA replication characteristics and nucleocapsid protein expression.","authors":"Isadora Alonso Corrêa, Marcos Romário Matos de Souza, Gustavo Peixoto Duarte da Silva, Anna Beatriz Sampaio Vianna Macedo Pimentel, Pedro Telles Calil, Marcela Sabino Cunha, Diana Mariani, Rodrigo de Moraes Brindeiro, Sara Mesquita Costa, Maria Clara da Costa Simas, Victor Akira Ota, Elisa Cavalcante Pereira, Marilda Mendonça Siqueira, Paola Cristina Resende, Rafael Mello Galliez, Debora Souza Faffe, Rosane Silva, Terezinha Marta Pereira Pinto Castiñeiras, Amilcar Tanuri, Luciana Jesus da Costa","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582137","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by the sequential introduction and circulation of distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants, which presented differences in transmission capacity and pathogenicity. However, the relationship between these differences and the replicative capacity of these variants remains to be determined. Our research aimed to compare the biological traits of the SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.33, and variants Zeta (P.2), Gamma (P.1/P.1.*), Delta (B.1.617.2/AY.*), and Omicron (BA.1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed three different cellular models susceptible to viral infection to demonstrated the differences in virus binding, entry and total RNA production through RT-qPCR assay and viral infectious progeny by plaque assay. The RNA replication was evaluated by dsRNA immunofluorescence and the viral protein production by western blotting analysis. NGS and RT-qPCR analysis were also used in competition experiments to verify the viral variants dynamic in cell culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the differences in viral replication varied according to the cell type, with Omicron BA.1 exhibiting the lowest replication capacity in human pulmonary cells. Additionally, we demonstrated the occurrence of nucleocapsid proteoforms generated during infection and differences in size and number of sites of viral RNA replication for each virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that factors beyond the initial stages of virus entry influence the efficiency of viral replication among different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, our study underscores the significance of RNA replication and the role of nucleocapsid proteins in shaping the replicative characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1582137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune and hematologicak responses to the third dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a six-month longitudinal study.","authors":"Waleed M Bawazir, Ahmad Al Ibad, Muneeba Mohsin, Hanouf A Niyazi, Turki A Alamri, Mohammed A Bazuhair, Mohannad Hazzazi, Noura A Chehab, Steve Harakeh, Yasar Mehmood Yousafzai","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1615227","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1615227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deployment of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is a major landmark in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the activation of adaptive immunity and its longevity after a booster dose warrant further investigation. Moreover, the interplay between inflammation and immune thrombosis after transfection needs further insights that could help examine the vaccine's potential for adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). This study investigates the biochemical and hematological responses to the third dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in 68 healthy participants who had previously received two doses of the vaccine. Blood samples were collected at baseline (before vaccine dose; D0), 48 hours post-vaccination (D2), and then at days 30, 60, 120, and 180 (D30, D60, D120, D180). The study focused on analyzing changes in anti-SARS-COV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA), inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IFN-γ, CRP, hs-CRP), coagulation factors (PT, APTT, D-dimers), and blood cell counts (neutrophils, leukocytes, platelets) at D2 post-vaccination, and IgG and IgA at days 2, 30, 60, 120, and 180 post-vaccination. In this study, no clinical AEFIs were observed in any of the recipients. Slight changes were observed in the levels of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers, and blood cells. Levels of CRP and hs-CRP increased slightly but significantly, d-dimers were raised, and PT and aPTT were prolonged significantly. A small but significant decrease was observed in IFN-γ and mean lymphocyte counts, whereas no change was observed in the levels of IL-6, neutrophils, and platelet count at D2. Levels of IgG and IgA showed sustained increase over the six-month period. These results collectively demonstrate that the third dose of the mRNA vaccine elicits a rapid and sustained immune response characterized by increased IgG and IgA levels. The changes observed in inflammatory markers and coagulation factors after vaccination observed shortly after vaccination require further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1615227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A novel small RNA regulates locus of enterocyte effacement and site-specific colonization of enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in gut.","authors":"Runhua Han, Ye Qian, Chenguang Zheng","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1642032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1642032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1517328.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1642032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and antimicrobial activity of a novel lytic phage vB_SmaS_QH16 against <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>: <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and biofilm studies.","authors":"Peng Cheng, Zian Li, Lanmin Liu, Ruizhe Li, Jianwu Zhou, Xiaoqin Luo, Xiaoming Mu, Jingwei Sun, Jideng Ma, Xiangren A","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1610857","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1610857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>, an important opportunistic pathogen resistant to multiple antibiotics, necessitates alternative therapies. Phages, with their high specificity and bacteriolytic ability, are emerging as promising antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel lytic phage targeting <i>S. maltophilia</i> and to evaluate its antibacterial potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel lytic phage, vB_SmaS_QH16, was isolated from hospital sewage using <i>S. maltophilia</i> no.981 as the host. Phage morphology was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and genome sequencing and annotation were performed. Host range, efficiency of lysis (EOP), optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curves, and physicochemical stability were also determined. Biofilm inhibition and eradication were assessed using crystal violet staining, MTT assays, and acridine orange fluorescence microscopy. Using <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and mouse infection models, the <i>in vivo</i> anti-infective effects of phages were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phage vB_SmaS_QH16, a member of the class Caudoviricetes, has a 43,500 bp genome with 64 open reading frames (ORFs) and no virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogeny-related genes. It exhibits a broad host range, lysing 47.95% (35/73) of tested <i>S. maltophilia</i> strains. The optimal MOI was 0.01, with an average burst size of 37.69 PFU/cell. The phage is stable at 4-50 °C and pH 3.0-11.0 but is highly sensitive to UV light. It effectively inhibits biofilm formation and eradicates mature biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. <i>In vitro</i>, the phage significantly suppresses bacterial growth, though resistant mutants emerge over time. <i>In vivo</i>, vB_SmaS_QH16 increases the survival rates of larvae and mice, with a higher MOI offering better protection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phage vB_SmaS_QH16 shows therapeutic potential against <i>S. maltophilia</i> infections, characterized by a broad host range, efficient lytic capability, and biofilm-disrupting activity. Its stability and safety further support its clinical application potential. Future research should explore its biofilm disruption mechanisms and monitor resistance development. Additionally, since its efficacy has been validated in mammalian models, further studies can focus on advancing its clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1610857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Zika virus and dengue virus infections in migrants in Italy.","authors":"Federica Frasca, Francesco Eugenio Romani, Elio Gentilini Cacciola, Francesca Colavita, Enrico Palermo, Luca Maddaloni, Luigi Rosa, Alessandra D'Auria, Valentina Baccolini, Giuseppe Migliara, Giulia Matusali, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Guido Antonelli, Fabrizio Maggi, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Carolina Scagnolari","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617029","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1617029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Estimating the burden of Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) infections in migrants is important to promote their health status and recommend appropriate interventions. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of ZIKV and DENV in migrants from high endemic countries attended at a referral center in Rome (Italy), arriving via the Mediterranean from North and sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four serum samples from migrants were tested for anti-ZIKV and anti-DENV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM by ELISA. Serum samples with detectable Ig were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For confirmatory testing and given the cross-reactivity of antibodies between orthoflaviviruses, all positive IFA sera were tested by virus neutralization test. ZIKV and DENV RNA were assessed by RT Real-Time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All serum samples were negative for anti-ZIKV IgG, while 12.50% (n=8/64) were positive for anti-ZIKV IgM by ELISA. IFA showed that only 1 of 8 serum samples (12.50%) was positive for anti-ZIKV IgM, but ZIKV RNA was undetectable. The seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG by ELISA was 59.37% (n=38/64), mostly confirmed by IFA (97.36%, n=37/38). Furthermore, anti-DENV IgM were detected in 9 serum samples (n=9/64, 14.06%) by ELISA, previously tested negative for anti-DENV IgG. Of these, 2 sera were confirmed by IFA, but DENV RNA was not detectable. Anti-DENV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were detected in 27% of anti-DENV IgG sera (n=10/37) tested by IFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sub-Saharan African origin was an independent factor for the development of anti-DENV nAbs (p=0.009), while age and gender had no effect. Sera negatives for anti-DENV nAbs but with detectable anti-DENV IgG tested by IFA had nAbs to another orthoflavivirus (n=25/27, 92.59%) such as West Nile virus (WNV) (n=17/25, 68%), Yellow fever virus (YFV) (n=7/25, 28%) and Usutu virus (USUV) (n=1/25, 4%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A high prevalence of anti-orthoflavivirus IgG, especially against DENV, was found in the migrant population studied, but no infections were detected. With the recent outbreaks of autochthonous DENV infections in Italy, the risk of secondary DENV infection - and severe disease - could be high. Robust serological surveillance, vaccination and prevention strategies for this vulnerable group are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1617029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective review: single- and multidonor washed microbiota transplantation have equivalent efficacy in the treatment of autism.","authors":"Ya-Mei Zheng, Meng-Meng Ye, Hong-Ying Zhang, Dan-Ping Luo, Tao Liu, Xing-Xiang He, Xian-Yun Chen, Li-Hao Wu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1606417","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1606417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder with no effective treatment. This study explored the short-term clinical effects of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) with different numbers of donors on autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive ASD patients treated with two continuous WMT courses from March 2020 to March 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University were retrospectively assessed. Basic information, aberrant behavior checklist (ABC) scores, childhood autism rating scale (CARS) scores, sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) scores, adverse reactions, and feces were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four patients were included (single-donor group: 17 patients; multidonor group: 27 patients). The CARS, ABC and SDSC scores didn't differ between the two groups before treatment. After two courses, the scores for the 44 patients were lower than those at baseline (P<0.05), with no severe adverse reactions observed. After the first course, the mean ABC (P=0.049) and SDSC (P=0.019) scores were significantly different between the single-donor and multidonor groups, but the difference disappeared after two courses. The alpha-diversity of the faecal flora in the effective-group was greater than that in the ineffective-group (Shannon index P=0.0018). <i>Lactobacillus</i> was the predominant genus in the effective group, whereas <i>Faecalibacterium, Campylobacter</i>, and <i>Sphingomonas</i> were predominant genera in the ineffective group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After two WMT courses, the symptoms of ASD improved, with good short-term treatment efficacy. The ASD symptom improvement did not differ between the single-donor and multidonor groups. Changes in the alpha-diversity and abundance of the faecal microbiota after WMT may be related to treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1606417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography-based radiomics prediction model for differentiating invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia.","authors":"Zhiguo Peng, Xingzhe Gao, Miao He, Xinyue Dong, Dongdong Wang, Zhengjun Dai, Dexin Yu, Huaibin Sun, Jun Tian, Yu Hu","doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1552556","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcimb.2025.1552556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> are important pathogens that cause fungal pulmonary infections. Because the manifestations of <i>P. jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PJP) or invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) are difficult to differentiate on computed tomography (CT) images and the treatment of the two diseases is different, correct imaging for diagnosis is highly significant. The present study developed and validated the diagnostic performance of a CT-based radiomics prediction model for differentiating IPA from PJP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 97 patients, 51 with IPA and 46 with PJP, were included in this study. Each patient underwent a non-enhanced chest CT examination. All the patients were randomly divided into two cohorts, training and validation, at a ratio of 7:3 using random seeds automatically generated using the RadCloud platform. Image segmentation, feature extraction, and radiomic feature selection were performed on the RadCloud platform. The regions of interest (ROIs) were manually segmented, including the consolidation area with the surrounding ground-glass opacity (GGO) area and the consolidation area alone. Six supervised-learning classifiers were used to develop a CT-based radiomics prediction model, which was estimated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score. The radiomics score was also calculated to compare the prediction performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Classifiers trained with the consolidation area and surrounding GGO area as the ROI showed better prediction efficacy than classifiers trained using only the consolidation area as the ROI. The XGBoost model performed better than the other classifiers and radiomics scores in the validation cohort, with an AUC of 0.808 (95% CI, 0.655-0.961).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This radiomics model can effectively assist in the differential diagnosis of PJP and IPA. The consolidation area with the surrounding GGO area was more suitable for ROI segmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12458,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1552556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}