The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and the kidney diseases.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-03-11 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1488264

Jin-Qi Su, Xiang-Qi Wu, Qi Wang, Bo-Yang Xie, Cui-Yan Xiao, Hong-Yong Su, Ji-Xin Tang, Cui-Wei Yao

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Abstract

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite, is a co-metabolite produced by both gut microbiota and livers, originating from foods rich in choline or carnitine. Emerging evidence suggests that TMAO may play a role in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Research has demonstrated that heightened levels of TMAO are correlated with a heightened likelihood of kidney disease advancement and cardiovascular incidents among individuals with chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, TMAO has been observed to stimulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in animal models of kidney disease. Mechanistically, TMAO may contribute to kidney disease pathogenesis by inhibiting autophagy, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting TMAO may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases. Future studies are needed to further investigate the role of TMAO in kidney disease pathogenesis and to develop TMAO-targeted therapies for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases.

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三甲胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）是一种代谢物，是肠道微生物群和肝脏产生的共代谢物，来源于富含胆碱或肉碱的食物。新的证据表明，TMAO 可能在各种肾脏疾病（包括急性肾损伤和慢性肾脏疾病）的发病机制中发挥作用。研究表明，TMAO 水平的升高与慢性肾病患者肾病恶化和心血管事件发生的可能性增加有关。此外，在肾病动物模型中，TMAO 被观察到会刺激炎症、氧化应激和纤维化。从机理上讲，TMAO 可能通过抑制自噬、激活 NLRP3 炎性体和诱导线粒体功能障碍来促进肾脏疾病的发病。因此，靶向 TMAO 可能是治疗肾脏疾病的一种有前景的治疗策略。未来的研究需要进一步探讨 TMAO 在肾脏疾病发病机制中的作用，并开发 TMAO 靶向疗法来预防和治疗肾脏疾病。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

7.00%

发文量

1817

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology is a leading specialty journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across all pathogenic microorganisms and their interaction with their hosts. Chief Editor Yousef Abu Kwaik, University of Louisville is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology includes research on bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, endosymbionts, prions and all microbial pathogens as well as the microbiota and its effect on health and disease in various hosts. The research approaches include molecular microbiology, cellular microbiology, gene regulation, proteomics, signal transduction, pathogenic evolution, genomics, structural biology, and virulence factors as well as model hosts. Areas of research to counteract infectious agents by the host include the host innate and adaptive immune responses as well as metabolic restrictions to various pathogenic microorganisms, vaccine design and development against various pathogenic microorganisms, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and its countermeasures.