Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Structural policy coordination for forest ecosystem services management in the legal accountability system","authors":"Suyeon Min ,&nbsp;Hansol Lee ,&nbsp;Jeongeun Son ,&nbsp;Mi Sun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests play a pivotal role in delivering diverse ecosystem services, underscoring the need for effective care and management. Ecosystem service management recognizes the importance of integrating forestry within a broader framework that encompasses rural development, agriculture, landscape management, and environmental protection. This study focuses on structural policy coordination for forest management in the legal system requiring multiple actors' obligations with the case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by examining the relevant laws. We examined the selected 223 forest-related articles from 56 laws. Forest-related articles were categorized into three ecosystem services—provisioning, supporting and regulating, and cultural services— and analyzed focusing on deontic and actor-oriented meaning based on the concept of legal accountability. The results demonstrated structural policy coordination between the forest and agricultural sectors dominantly to enhance provisioning services for optimizing agricultural productivity while preserving productive forest resources. Policy coordination between the forest and urban sectors was developed dominantly to enhance cultural services of forests through collaborative endeavors for forest and green space planning and management in urban areas. Policy coordination between the forest and environmental sectors was developed dominantly to enhance supporting and regulating services through undertaking collaborative actions for habitat preservation, wildlife protection and soil conservation. This research revealed that structural policy coordination occurred to manage multiple ecosystem services between forest and non-forest sectors in the DPRK. The findings enrich our understanding of coordinated legislation based on the design of legal accountability in forest ecosystem services management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the effectiveness of the forest load capacity factor in assisting decarbonization in India","authors":"Ugur Korkut Pata ,&nbsp;Selin Karlilar Pata","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has increased dramatically due to various human activities, with deforestation playing an important role. Forests act as carbon sinks and have the capacity to absorb CO₂ and other harmful emissions from the atmosphere. In particular, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-15 (Life on Land) addresses the importance of reforestation and forest management. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impact of the forest load capacity factor and renewable energy on CO₂ emissions in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For this purpose, the study focuses on India from 1990 to 2021. The empirical results indicate that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid; (ii) the forest load capacity factor has an inhibitory effect on CO₂ emissions; and (iii) renewable energy consumption has no significant effect on ecological degradation. This study points to the crucial role of forest load capacity for ecological sustainability. Moreover, renewable energy sources do not seem to be a viable option to achieve India's environmental goals. Therefore, the Indian government should focus on improving afforestation and forest conservation policies to improve ecological conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovativeness of Japanese forest owners and municipalities regarding the valorization of forest ecosystem services: Quantitative evaluation of mutual influences","authors":"Takuya Takahashi ,&nbsp;Yasuto Hori ,&nbsp;Ikumi Otsuka ,&nbsp;Shingo Shibata ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tsuge","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of forest ecosystem services requires actors to innovate and tackle difficulties in realization. We conducted two questionnaire survey series in Japan with forest owners and municipalities—important actors in implementing valorization—to investigate their innovativeness. We measured owners' innovativeness regarding valorization by asking whether they were interested in, planning for, or had implemented four types of valorization: (1) multifunctional payments, (2) habitat payments, (3) non-wood forest products (NWFP) marketing, and (4) forest service industries. Based on spatial autoregressive regression (SAR) analyses of 312 responses, we found that ownership type, age, holding size, and purpose of forest ownership were associated with owners' innovativeness indices. For example, younger owners and the ones with NWFP ownership purpose are more innovative in one or several types of valorization. We also asked municipalities how innovative they were toward using forest environmental transfer tax, a national funding scheme, for implementing or assisting the valorization methods mentioned above. Based on the SAR analyses of 664–670 responses, we identified correlations between innovativeness and several municipal factors such as population size, population changes, areas of private plantation forest ownership, forest ratios, and the importance of agriculture and forestry. Specifically, the coefficients for forest ratio and agriculture/forestry/fishery added value variables were positive in the NWFP model. Relying on the results of the SAR analyses, we evaluated the influences of regional systems of innovation on respondents' innovativeness and found that the influences are statistically and substantially significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest certification and its impact on business management and market performance: The key role of motivations","authors":"Mikel Zubizarreta ,&nbsp;Germán Arana-Landín ,&nbsp;Waleska Siguenza ,&nbsp;Jesús Cuadrado","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of forest certification standards on firm management and market performance is analysed in this paper, so as to isolate the influence of internal (moral and learning) and external (market and signalling) sources of motivation. To do so, three propositions are formulated and then empirically tested on a sample of Spanish companies certified by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). In the structural model, the association of the external motivations with management performance was not confirmed, although the one of internal motivations was significant and companies certified due to internal reasons yielded greater benefits. Our results suggested that the implementation of forest certification per se will not improve overall performance. Moreover, when the standard is internally driven, it is reasonable to expect the implementation of the necessary measures to improve management performance, using the guidelines prescribed by such standard. The findings may be used to characterize certified firms and to anticipate the benefits of both the implementation and the certification of the standard, shedding light on the associations between the motivational factors and the benefits of forest certification standards, a field which has yet to be addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001205/pdfft?md5=d21681b1c0265145122d66c6a5db75b8&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing the EU LULUCF regulation in Norway: Short-term and long-term policy coherence challenges","authors":"Lars H. Gulbrandsen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests play a significant role in Norway's Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector, where the forest sink is equal to about 40% of the national emissions from all other sectors combined. Although not an EU member, Norway has adopted the EU LULUCF regulation through a climate agreement with the EU. This article examines how the LULUCF regulation influences the coherence of Norway's forest policies. Adopting the regulation initially received little public debate, but there is increasing political contestation over how to achieve the LULUCF net carbon dioxide removal target. In the short term, reaching the target might imply rapidly reducing forest harvest, but this would decrease activity in the forestry sector and the supply of harvested wood products that could involve substituting less climate-friendly materials and energy sources. From a long-term perspective, forest management efforts like denser planting, fertilization, harvesting, and rejuvenation might be needed to increase the forest sink capacity. Such policies are supported by forest owners and forestry organizations, but they are opposed by some environmental NGOs and other stakeholders advocating for the protection of forests and biological diversity. The study concludes that assessments of coherence crucially depend on how problems are defined and the time perspective adopted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001242/pdfft?md5=9f857d99a7ab9126adb97f4a4b2ccf60&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An appraisal of people's participation in the joint forest management programme in the Kashmir Himalayas","authors":"Irshad Ahmad Thoker,&nbsp;M. Shafi Bhat,&nbsp;Shamim Ahmad Shah,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad Lone,&nbsp;Peer Jeelani","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People's participation in decision-making processes in the domain of forest management has been acknowledged as an effective mechanism for improving livelihoods and forest conditions. The present study makes an attempt to ascertain the participation levels and identify the factors influencing the people's participation in Joint Forest Management (JFM) programmes in the Kashmir Himalayas. The study is based on primary data, with a sample size of 434 households collected through a two-stage random sampling survey. The Participation Index (PI) was used to measure people's participation across different stages: planning, implementation, and monitoring. The determinants that influence the level of participation are then analyzed through the Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM). The findings indicate that the people's participation at the planning stage was 47.93%, at the implementation stage 54.38%, and at the monitoring stage 49.46%, indicating an overall moderate level of participation. The BLRM depicts that among the selected variables, gender, marital status, years of schooling, land holding size, income from forest, distance from the market, training, knowledge, and information have a significantly positive influence, while age, distance from the forest, restrictions on charcoal/timber harvesting, and a lack of incentives were found to have a significant negative influence on the people's participation in the JFM programme. Therefore, policy reforms should be reoriented to improve the organizational structure of forest management groups and implement fair benefit-sharing mechanisms, which are crucial for enhancing the participation of local communities in forest management initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening the blue Pacific: Lessons on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+)","authors":"Shipra Shah ,&nbsp;Digby Race","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across the Pacific, deforestation and forest degradation are driving the loss of ecosystem services. Increasing recognition of the need for mechanisms that can bridge economic development and environmental sustainability has led to the emergence of the broad concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including Payments for Environmental Services (PES) such as ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation’ (REDD+) of forested areas. REDD+ projects are being piloted in the region, but the scale of adoption remains limited raising doubts about whether the concept has much appeal beyond small-scale government-supported initiatives. Although a relatively simple concept, it is proving difficult to translate into an appealing practice that is widely understood and adopted by rural land managers. We conducted a review of the achievements and challenges of REDD+ projects in Melanesia while drawing on global and regional lessons. Most projects are reaping the benefits of enhanced community development, employment, capacity building, and stronger governance. Perverse incentives, lack of systematic assessments of carbon offsets, poor stakeholder engagement, insufficient feedback mechanisms, marginalisation of women, and the lack of prosperous and sustainable alternative livelihoods remain key challenges. This suggests the need for developing policy mixes, understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, addressing equity concerns, strengthening tenure security, removing perverse incentives, and ensuring financially competitive conservation incentives for enhancing the appeal of REDD+ to rural communities, policymakers, and the private sector, so its reach across the Pacific can be extended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Greenlash’ and reactionary stakeholders in environmental governance: An analysis of soy farmers against zero deforestation in Brazil","authors":"Rafaela Barbosa de Andrade Aragão ,&nbsp;Mairon G. Bastos Lima ,&nbsp;Georgette Leah Burns ,&nbsp;Helen Ross ,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid disappearance of tropical forests has led to increased adoption of sustainability commitments. However, implementing zero-deforestation commitments faces numerous challenges, including resistance from those who benefit from the current practices in agricultural commodity-exporting countries, such as large-scale farmers. This study focuses on industrial soy farmers in Tocantins, a Brazilian state in the Cerrado ecoregion with high soy-driven deforestation rates. Drawing from a review of the land-use change literature in Brazil and background interviews with soy farmers in Tocantins, we ran a focus group with them to appraise three scenarios of increased restrictions on agricultural land-use expansion. They are: (1) access to a productivity-increasing technology conditioned to refraining from opening new farms in areas with native vegetation; (2) a hardened European policy limiting imports to conversion-free soy regardless of the ecosystem; and (3) a strengthening of Brazil's environmental policy, increasing the amount of land farmers are to set aside for conservation. Our findings show Brazilian soy farmers are highly skeptical of environmental regulations and suspicious of foreign actors. While rallying for greater autonomy, they rejected attempts to rein in their (agri)business-as-usual practices and dismissed such policy efforts as ultimately driven by hidden agendas – showing a strong inclination to resort to conspiracy theories, understood as alternative explanations that attribute events to scheming by powerful actors. A frontier mindset, underscored by libertarian values, coupled with distrust in state institutions or in the motives of foreign regulators thus create an obstructive, reactionary stance in the face of zero-deforestation efforts in Brazil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001217/pdfft?md5=5e92259b2899b62281925ff85d2fcc05&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A gravity model analysis of trade regulations on wood products exports: Evidence from Cameroon, Ghana, and the republic of Congo","authors":"Ghanashyam Khanal ,&nbsp;Daowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jeffrey P. Prestemon ,&nbsp;Niras Paija","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study assesses the impact of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement (FLEGT VPA) and the Lacey Act Amendment (LAA) on the export quantities of wood products from Cameroon, Ghana and the Republic of Congo using the panel gravity Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) technique. The results indicate that FLEGT VPA had a negative and significant impact on industrial roundwood export quantity from all three countries. Similarly, its effects on the export of sawnwood and wood-based panels are also negative, except for Cameroon. On the other hand, the impact of LAA appears to be mixed. These results are validated by applying an alternative Driscoll-Kraay robust standard error estimation method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust, tenure security and investment in high-value forests","authors":"Amanuel Hadera ,&nbsp;Tewodros Tadesse ,&nbsp;Woldegebrial Zeweld ,&nbsp;Girmay Tesfay ,&nbsp;Bereket Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In customary tenure systems, the literature documents the limitations of land formalization in ensuring tenure security and fostering investment. One hypothesis put forward for this is that formalized tenure arrangements offer little legal protection; and as a result, farmers look for their socio-political connections to ensure tenure security and make investment decisions. By distinguishing trust in institutions from trust in social networks, this study examines their relationship with tenure security and investment in high-value trees. Using data from Liberian farmers who grow rubber, cocoa and coffee, we use two-stage IV regression to explore the divergent relationship of the trust indicators with tenure security. Moreover, using tenure security as an endogenous switching variable, we explore its correlation with investment. We find both trust indicators are positively related with tenure security while alternative specifications appear to show the more important role of trust on institutions for enhancing tenure security. We also find both trust indicators spur investment, and note of their divergent influence on investment in different trees. These results reflect a growing recognition of the need to decouple trust on institutions from social trust to give policy development a useful direction on the divergent influence of tenure institutions, such as social and institutional trust.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}