Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Why are non-wood forest products still the poor relative in Global Forest Resources Assessments?","authors":"C.M. Shackleton ,&nbsp;O. Adeyemi ,&nbsp;S. Setty","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To conserve and use forests sustainably, it is helpful to have accurate and regular assessments of their health and status. A key tool in this regard is the regular global overview provided by the Food and Agriculture Programme (FAO) in their Global Forest Resources Assessments (GFRA), now issued every five years. As of 2000, the GFRA required member countries to report statistics related to non-wood forest products (NWFPs). However, the NWFP statistics in the country appendices to the GFRA bear little resemblance to the situation on the ground, as shown by our assessment of entries for India, Nigeria, and South Africa against verified in-country studies. Our analysis shows that GFRAs often inaccurately report NWFP quantities, lack consistency between reports, omit data on amounts or values even when in-country studies exist, list the top ten NWFPs inaccurately, and fail to cite sources. Taken together, these shortcomings mean that the NWFP country statistics in the GFRA cannot be used to make comparisons between countries, regions or globally, track trends, or make policy or management decisions. The underlying reasons for these shortcomings are considered. Lastly, we suggest nine steps that need to be implemented to make the NWFP section of the GFRA reports a reliable and valued source of data and global analysis, that can be used by policy- and decision-makers and researchers globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000856/pdfft?md5=069d59474c39c860a291b1a3ec63de3d&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000856-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local policy networks in support of wood-based construction: A case study from Joensuu, Finland","authors":"Md. Rayhanur Rahman ,&nbsp;Ida Wallin ,&nbsp;Ritva Toivonen ,&nbsp;Anne Toppinen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood-based construction (WBC) is considered important for climate change mitigation, as buildings provide long-term carbon storage and contribute to sustainable urban solutions. Research shows that a lack of coordination among policy actors hinders the more rapid development of WBC in many contexts. Gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of local WBC-related policy networks is critical for speeding up WBC development. We conducted an exploratory case study on one WBC forerunner city, Joensuu, Finland. The results from our quantitative social network analysis show that the WBC policy network of Joensuu is moderately dense and mostly consists of research and business organizations. However, the local hub, Business Joensuu, holds a central position in the network despite being an intermediary non-profit business and a regional development organization. Information and knowledge sharing are the most common resources distributed among the actors, which implicitly suggests that the network is primarily contributing to research and innovation around WBC. Considering the diverse policy goal priority, statements related to WBC, actors are mostly interested in climate change mitigation measured by reducing carbon emissions from construction materials, followed by creating new employment opportunities. From the policy perspective, our findings concerning the WBC policy network of Joensuu showcase the importance of national and international policies in the local diffusion of WBC and the key role of collaborative actors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000789/pdfft?md5=3060741246c11e766d85ba23973dca21&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000789-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOECONOMY based on non-timber forest products for development and forest conservation - untapped potential or false hope? A systematic review for the BRAZILIAN amazon","authors":"Tomas Rosenfeld ,&nbsp;Benno Pokorny ,&nbsp;Jacques Marcovitch ,&nbsp;Peter Poschen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuing destruction of the Amazonian forest, the largest remaining tropical forest ecosystem, has massive social and environmental consequences for local populations, but also for the climate, global food security and biodiversity. With some 20% of the forest already lost and the Amazon region likely approaching a tipping point, the conservation of its forests is a burning issue. High expectations are vested in the sustainable use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a means to reconcile conservation and development. Accordingly, hundreds of initiatives have been launched over the decades that rely on NTFPs. With the proliferation of the bioeconomy discourse in recent years, they have received a new impetus. But are these expectations justified and backed-up by facts? Based on a systematic literature review, this article assesses the state of knowledge on NTFPs as a basis for sustainable local development in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis reveals that while the number of studies has been growing continuously, the knowledge base is rather patchy. Coverage is limited mostly to a few NTFPs with high commercial value. The literature mostly attests positive effects of NTFP use on forest conservation and contributions to meeting socio-cultural needs of local communities. By contrast, existing studies identify limitations in terms of local income generation and suggest to combine the use of NTFPs with the commercial management for timber and the sale of environmental services. In terms of biodiversity conservation, some studies also point to risks of initiatives that emphasize income generation and stress the importance of diversifying production. It is worrying, that empirical knowledge on the effects of such combined and diversified approaches is scarce. A research agenda is crucial to support the successful promotion of NTFP-based value chains in the Brazilian Amazon. This agenda should include a comprehensive analytical framework that enables robust evaluations of past and future interventions. A better understanding of the actual impacts of such initiatives is vital as evidence for proof of concept and for deploying them at scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000819/pdfft?md5=e3959d1b12d9ed79d3484b198840e3ed&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance structures, resource mobilization, and organizational performance of community forest enterprises: Evidence from China","authors":"Zhang Yiwen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Community forestry enterprises (CFEs) have diverse governance structures impacting their organizational performance, while limited research has explored the drivers and impact of these diversified institutions. Adopting a comparative case approach, this study examines three types of CFE models in southern China—shareholding forest farms, community-corporation partnerships, and cooperative reforestation—to understand the selection of the CFE's governance structures and their impact on organizational performance from the resource mobilization perspective. In three cases, the ranking of overall performance from the highest to lowest is cooperative reforestation, shareholding forest farm, and community-corporation partnership. However, all three models have their advantages and limitations, and social capital and human capital are critical for all CEF types. This study showcases the institutional diversity of CFEs, offers insights beyond the archetypical distinctions of CFEs identified in the literature, and illuminates the complex effects of organizational structures on CFEs' organizational performance. These findings may guide CFEs in optimizing their institutional arrangements according to their unique circumstances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing actor power in the trade-offs between ecosystem services affecting forest management – A case study from Central Slovakia","authors":"Yvonne Brodrechtova","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In countries with a planned economy history, numerous actors interested in ecosystem services (ES) have emerged over the last decades. The power these actors exert is crucial to the promotion of their interests. The case study from central Slovakia aimed to determine who the most powerful actors are and, via the actor-centered power approach and actor analysis, to assess their power in trade-offs between ES in forest management. The actor analysis involved the identification of key actors and 38 subsequent in-person interviews. The results showed that the actors whose income depended on the sale of timber and fuelwood were predominantly interested in production ES, whereas the other actors were generally interested in supporting, regulating and cultural ES. This situation should not be surprising as interest conflicts of varying intensity naturally occur in multifunctional forest management. The identified trade-offs between ES however, were powered predominantly by conflicting policies and by information asymmetry. While governmental actors used various power elements (coercion, incentives, unverified information), the non-governmental actors relied mainly on unverified information. Due to existing power and governance imbalances among the actors, the forest policies were weak or further weakened by different interests. Although various actors have emerged in the last decades, only a few have real power in forest management, specifically governmental actors in forestry and (non) governmental actors in nature protection, (non) state forest enterprises and timber processing businesses. Certain actors benefited from this situation, often causing even more institutional erosion, resource plunder, bias towards promoting certain coalitions of interests or information asymmetry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000406/pdfft?md5=235fc9465258799bdfb4efffbebdcd57&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General policy uncertainty: A crucial, yet overlooked, factor for the forest sector1","authors":"William F. Hyde ,&nbsp;Virginia Morales Olmos","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unexpected macroeconomic effects and unanticipated administrative action, both external to the activities of the forest sector itself, create crucial uncertainty for production, growth, and development in the forest sector. They dominate as determinants of forest sector performance. Yet they are a source of uncertainty that has been entirely overlooked by forest policy decisionmakers. We explain the general effect of both variants of unanticipated and exogenous activity, then first demonstrate the macroeconomic variant with data from Argentina and the contrast with Argentina's more stable neighbors: Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Further comparative analyses, if with less detail, for countries in seven other regions of the world show the contrasts within each region and the generality of this effect. We continue, showing the effect of the second variant, administrative action, in several South, Southeast and East Asian countries, with greater detail in examples from China. In conclusion, we summarize and then suggest why this form of uncertainty, in both of its variants, has been overlooked by those who advise on forest policy and how we, as economists and forest policy advisors ourselves, should respond. Forest policy designed without full comprehension of the impact of macroeconomic and administrative uncertainty is destined to fail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research approaches to sustainable forest-based value creation: A literature review","authors":"Katri Rusanen,&nbsp;Teppo Hujala,&nbsp;Jouni Pykäläinen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainability transitions challenge traditional forest-based sector and the way it operates. So far, the traditional forest-based sector has been considered path-dependent which could hamper its ability to renew. The sustainability of the sector is increasingly contested in science and public discussions despite the efforts to sustainability reporting and certifications. Hence, there is a need for sustainable business models and value creation within the forest-based sector through which companies could increase the well-being of both ecological and social systems through business activities. There is a large body of research regarding the sector's value creation, and a thorough picture is needed. The aim of this systematic literature review is to provide profound information on how sustainable value creation is considered in the literature regarding forest-based sector. Our data consists of 70 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and conference papers. According to the results, value creation has been studied from various angles, yet the economic dimension has dominated the literature. Sustainable value creation has been considered more on conceptual level while especially emphasizing circularity. Novel approaches emphasizing environmental and social dimensions of value creation are lacking. Business model, servitization, future perspective and network are the four most used theoretical perspectives to consider value creation. More empirical research is needed to understand sustainable value creation and realization of environmental and social values. Furthermore, there is a need for transdisciplinary approaches in studying and assessing sustainable value creation where different theories, methods and tools could be applied to enhance the sector's contribution to sustainability transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000753/pdfft?md5=ffd019a125cd9f552c79e94d02d8d575&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000753-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From staples to smorgasbord: Zeitgeist of Canada's forest management in the 21st century","authors":"Sen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The staples theory posits that a country rich in natural resources tends to rely heavily on extracting its natural resources for exporting to markets. An exporting country as such is known as “hinterland” whereas the destination of the commodity goods is known as “heartland”. In the Canadian context, fur, fish, and timber served as good examples that lend support to the validity of the staples theory.</p><p>With the declining share of resource sectors relative to other components of the economy, the staples-dominant economies have undergone profound transformations. The significant changes in Canada's forestry sector illustrate the attenuation of the staples theory, particularly in the province of British Columbia. Resembling a “smorgasbord”, a new paradigm is emerging in Canada. Representing a new spirit, or Zeitgeist, of forest management in the 21st century, this new paradigm emphasizes managing forests to meet a dynamic set of socio-economic, environmental and cultural objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest clearances, compensatory afforestation and biodiversity offsetting in forests: Balancing flexibility and equivalency in Switzerland","authors":"Tobias Schulz ,&nbsp;Tamaki Ohmura ,&nbsp;David Troxler ,&nbsp;Eva Lieberherr","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The settlement area is expanding at the cost of agricultural land in densely populated regions such as Central Europe. This development is also affecting the forest. Forest clearances due to, e.g. traffic and energy infrastructure development, require afforestation elsewhere but surfaces providing appropriate soil are increasingly scarce. Switzerland is an important case in point. It is densely populated, exhibits a large amount of forest – also in the lowlands – and although it features a strong forest protection law, it recently allowed compensating forest clearances with non-forest related offsets. Based on the results of a Q-methodology survey conducted during a stakeholder workshop, we show that pressure for more flexible forest specific rules largely stems from “outside” the forest sector, i.e. the agriculture and development sector. Only a small group of actors aims at reinstalling the more restrictive regime, whereas the largest group of actors embraces the status quo. This group rejects expansion of more flexible rules and adheres to strengthening the top of the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. prioritizing the mitigation of habitat loss caused by development. This interpretation of biodiversity offsetting aligns with the conviction that development needs to respect the limits of growth. Prioritizing the mitigation hierarchy requires a planning rather than a market coordination approach. We show that in a context with rigid biodiversity offsetting rules, following a multipurpose forest regime and with high land-use competition, stakeholder preferences impede the integration of habitat banking approaches into the planning of compensatory afforestation and biodiversity offsetting in the forest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000728/pdfft?md5=1f44df84535ca2b0112b8ef07643a96c&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000728-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing post-conflict policies to enhance socio-ecological restoration among black communities in Southern Colombia: Cacao cropping as a win–win strategy","authors":"Sonia Quiroga ,&nbsp;Cristina Suárez ,&nbsp;Virginia Hernanz ,&nbsp;José Evelio Aguiño ,&nbsp;Juan F. Fernández-Manjarrés","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Armed conflict and peace-building processes have often prolonged extreme extraction and deforestation practices. This research examines the potential drivers of local forest transitions in relation to the peace-building process in Colombia's South Pacific region; an area that has been traditionally dominated by illicit crops, inhabited by vulnerable Afro-Colombian communities and in areas where post-conflict agreements are particularly relevant due to high levels of violence. The study provides valuable insights for public policies that prioritise forest restoration and to assess how this process can contribute to broader goals of sustainable rural development and peace building. The findings highlight the importance of Social and Ecological Restoration (SER) strategies that help local communities to develop medium-term plans, improve decision-making efficiency and create fair and sustainable pathways for rural territories and residents. This study analyses how the introduction of ‘shade-grown’ agroforestry systems (i.e. cacao) to replace illicit crops can be a stepping-stone to regional environmental sustainability and social cohesion by reducing deforestation pressure. The results demonstrate that promoting local economic development and land decentralisation in favour of Afro-Colombian communities may be the key to successfully substituting illicit crops as part of the ongoing peace agreements in Colombia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000510/pdfft?md5=faa1639f7bae7335c59f65976bf5281d&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000510-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}