Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing the expressed willingness to transition from collection to cultivation of non-timber forest products: The case of Caesalpinia spinosa in southern Ecuador","authors":"Diana Encalada ,&nbsp;Luz María Castro ,&nbsp;Omar Cabrera ,&nbsp;Pablo Ramón ,&nbsp;Fabián Reyes-Bueno ,&nbsp;Carola Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planting trees with additional non-timber products (NTFPs) (such as fruits) in agricultural lands is emerging as an important strategy in Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) to enhance the provision of ecosystem services and improve habitat quality. In many cases, the planting of NTFP trees follows a transition from collecting NTFPs in natural forests to integrating the respective trees into agricultural farms with ecological and socio-economic implications. Therefore, understanding the current practice and challenges of current NTFP collection and willingness for cultivation is crucial to effectively use such land-use trajectories for FLR. In this study, we investigate the case of <em>Caesalpinia spinosa</em> (tara), whose fruits provide an emerging NTFP in southern Ecuador. Using household data from 125 households currently collecting tara fruits, we first describe the relatively young production system and then use a Heckman two-step econometric model to identify the factors influencing the expressed willingness to cultivate tara trees on farms and the area to be cultivated. The econometric model results show that the characteristics of tara collection and trade (gender of collectors, distance to the collection site, and management practices) are important determinants of tara cultivation. However, it's the household labor availability and farm characteristics that play a significant role in impacting the willingness to cultivate. The area to be cultivated was mainly influenced by household labor and economic characteristics, and tara collection and trade (management practices) characteristics. Our findings help to understand NTFP-related land-use transitions, thus supporting the design of appropriate and specific policy interventions for the sustainable development of NTFPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Nordic forest governance: Key informant perspectives","authors":"Ayonghe A. Nebasifu ,&nbsp;Dalia D'Amato ,&nbsp;Hanna Ekström ,&nbsp;Niina Pietarinen ,&nbsp;Alexia Fridén ,&nbsp;Teemu Harrinkari ,&nbsp;Bogomil Iliev ,&nbsp;Huntley Brownell ,&nbsp;Wilhelm May ,&nbsp;Maria Brockhaus ,&nbsp;Marianne Thomsen ,&nbsp;Nils Droste","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing call for comparative analyses of forest governance to facilitate knowledge exchange for the sustainable management of Nordic forest systems, addressing the needs of societal stakeholders in enhancing both the quality and quantity of forest resources. This study traces the development of nation-wide policy instruments implemented in four Nordic countries; Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark between 1970 and 2023, based on interviews among forest policy scholars and other research experts. Using an analytical framework that highlights the relations between policy intervention, change, impact, and learning, we compare central government practices and private actor initiatives in the Nordic countries that address the ecological, social, and economic values of forests. We find a common trend towards multifunctionality and soft governance as well as differences in the use of economic instruments and certification standardization. This study also considers insights into developments in Nordic forest governance, the enabling and impeding factors for past trends and outcomes and discusses the learning of this change towards equity in the multifunctional use of forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial effects of ecological cognition on firewood collection by households in protected areas: An analysis based on the giant panda nature reserves","authors":"Yijing Zhang,&nbsp;Duxun Zhang,&nbsp;Jinyu Shen,&nbsp;Wei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issues of unbalanced and inadequate energy development in rural China remain prominent, particularly in areas rich in natural resources, such as nature reserves, where households still tend to rely on traditional energy utilization modes. On one hand, the traditional use of firewood for energy results in low energy efficiency and indoor air pollution; On the other hand, it exacerbates problems such as habitat degradation for wildlife and environmental collapse. Although previous studies have explored rural energy source utilization from varies of aspects, there are still limitations in examining the impact of ecological cognition on household behaviors from a spatial correlation perspective. This study conducts a field survey of rural households in the giant panda nature reserves in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces to explore the impact of ecological cognition on rural households' firewood collection behaviors. By incorporating a spatial weight matrix, the study further analyzes the spatial spillover effects and the spatial heterogeneity of ecological cognition on rural households' firewood collection. The results show that: (1) ecological cognition significantly reduces firewood collection behaviors; (2) household income also decreases the consumption of firewood energy; (3) ecological cognition exhibits spatial spillover effects on rural households' firewood collection, indicating that household ecological cognition can impact surrounding households' ecological cognition and indirectly affect their firewood collection behaviors; and (4) significant spatial heterogeneity exists inside and outside the protected area. Ecological cognition significantly influences the firewood utilization of rural households within protected areas through spatial spillover effects, whereas its impact outside the protected areas is minimal. Strengthening forest ecological education to further raise ecological awareness, focusing on low-income households to provide energy subsidies, and utilizing the spatial spillover effects to enhance information dissemination channels are recommended for policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing investments in ecosystem services for sustainable forest governance","authors":"Elisabeth Veivåg Helseth ,&nbsp;Pål Vedeld ,&nbsp;Erik Gómez-Baggethun","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economic instruments like subsidies and tax reliefs are widely used to promote forest ecosystem services. However, such instruments typically target services traded in markets, whereas non-market services are declining worldwide. With Norway as a case, we map economic instruments used in Norwegian forest governance and examine how they promote or constrain forests' capacity to provide different ecosystem services. Data was collected from a review of policy documents and fiscal budgets, compared with data on trends and condition of ecosystem services from Norwegian forests. Three main results are highlighted. First, the main economic instruments are markets for forest products and amenities, forestry certification schemes, and government expenditures. Second, ecosystem services traded in markets like timber (578 mill €/y) and hunting licenses (74.1 mill €/y) attract the lion's share of forest investments, amounting to around 652.1 mill. Euros per year, whereas aggregated investments in non-market ecosystem services like habitat provision (43.44 mill €/y) and carbon sequestration (2.53 mill €/y) remain an order of magnitude smaller. Third, most instruments target services for which forests show increasing capacity, while some services in poor condition or declining supply, are underprioritized or undermined through investments in competing services. Moreover, our results suggest that the current use of economic instruments primarily aligns with the sustainability pathways of <em>green economy/green growth</em> or <em>nature protection</em>. We argue that sustainable forest governance in Norway will require major reallocations of investments to support a broader array of forest values, combined with policy attention to alternative sustainability pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized Faustmann model with multiple carbon pools","authors":"Zhihan Yu ,&nbsp;Zhuo Ning ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Sun Joseph Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of “carbon neutrality”, it is crucial to accurately account for forest carbon sequestration, including living tree biomass, dead organic matter, and harvested wood products. This study develops a generalized Faustmann model, including carbon sequestration in multiple carbon pools under different assumptions of the decay modes of harvested wood products. Then, a comparative statics analysis of key parameters of dead organic matter and the harvested wood product carbon pool is conducted. The results show that the effect of the carbon pool parameters of dead organic matter and harvested wood products' on the optimal rotation usually depends on the economic environment, such as the discount rate and the time of their changes. Results of our case study indicate that considering the carbon sequestration in multiple carbon pools increases land expectation value and forest land carbon stocks. Meanwhile, different harvest wood products types and decay modes affect the optimal rotation differently. Our results demonstrate that different carbon accounting methodologies should be established for different types of harvested wood products, such as exponential decay for paper and paperboard and chi-square decay for solid wood products. It is also necessary to expand the outlets of harvested wood products in wood-based building materials and extend their half-lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the economic feasibility of fuel treatments: Market and policy pathways for US Federal Lands","authors":"David N. Wear,&nbsp;Matthew Wibbenmeyer,&nbsp;Emily Joiner","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cost of fuel removal needed in the western United States exceeds available federal funding; therefore, meeting fuel treatment goals may require engaging the private sector to market treatment biomass. To assess the economics of fuel treatments in the western United States, we develop a spatially explicit model of the revenues and costs of fuel removal in Idaho and Montana. We find that fuel treatment sales would not be economically feasible across most of the study region unless prices of small-diameter material were to rise significantly. However, the area of feasible treatments could be dramatically expanded under current market conditions by bundling treatments with sawtimber harvest or subsidizing fuel treatment sales, perhaps through the allowance for negatively priced sales. In many places, required subsidies would be much lower than the cost of noncommercial alternative fuel treatments, indicating their potential to extend the impact of appropriated funding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oil palm replanting imperative: Are smallholder farmers willing to participate?","authors":"Atiqah Amanda Siregar ,&nbsp;Alin Halimatussadiah ,&nbsp;Faizal Rahmanto Moeis ,&nbsp;Wildan Al Kautsar Anky ,&nbsp;Doan Nainggolan","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smallholder oil palm farmers have been pivotal in Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production for decades. However, their plantations' productivity lag behind private and government estates. Moreover, these farmers often resort to unsustainable practices. Replanting presents a viable solution to enhance sustainability by bolstering yields and mitigating harmful practices. The Indonesian government, through the Palm Oil Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS), offers subsidies to incentivize farmers to implement replanting. However, replanting program uptake remains low. This study aims to investigate factors underlying the smallholders' propensity to engage in replanting by examining (1) their intention (stated preference) to replant their oil palm plantation with the financing scheme from BPDPKS, and (2) their actual replanting implementation (revealed preference). Combining survey data with in-depth interviews, the research identifies three key factors influencing their decision: a lack of funds and financing access, difficulties in obtaining land ownership certificate and business registration certificates, and challenges to implement good agricultural practices. Encouraging smallholders to participate in the replanting program is crucial for curbing further land expansion, as this expansion poses a significant risk of encroaching on forests and protected areas. Findings from the analysis of both intention and actual implementation provide valuable insights into smallholders' perspectives on replanting, underlining the need for comprehensive policy development and implementation. This will secure full engagement of smallholder farmers in replanting program, which offers a critical path to prevent further loss of nature, particularly forested area, due to land expansion for oil palm plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing factors that influence voluntary participation in conservation programs in Latin America","authors":"Cristina C. Nuñez Godoy ,&nbsp;Federico Colombo Speroni ,&nbsp;Mauricio Nuñez-Regueiro ,&nbsp;Leonidas Osvaldo Girardin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the drivers of participation in conservation programs is essential for successful efforts to preserve nature in Latin America. By identifying these factors, we can bolster the long-term effectiveness of such initiatives in the region, particularly given that much of the biodiversity resides on private lands. Whereas extensive research has explored landowner participation in developed countries, variations in socio-economic, environmental, and governance contexts pose unique challenges across developed and less-developed nations. Moreover, discrepancies in research criteria suggest the need for a comprehensive conceptual model to identify and summarize these factors. Following a systematic literature review, we examine and summarize the various factors that influence voluntary participation in conservation-related programs across Latin America. We searched for studies using Web of Science from January 2000 to July 2022, resulting in the screening of 31 peer-reviewed articles. We categorized factors into opportunity, willingness, and ability to participate. Within the willingness category, we considered factors related to intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, while the ability category covered factors related to financial, social, human, natural, and physical capital. We extracted factors reported as having either a positive or negative influence on participation. Our analysis revealed a balanced focus on factors related to both willingness and ability, with a noted gap in the evaluation of social capital. Notably, our adapted conceptual framework encompasses institutional capital within the ability category, enhancing the understanding of factors influencing landowner participation in conservation initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary evidence of softwood shortage and hardwood availability in EU regions: A spatial analysis using the European Forest Industry Database","authors":"Nicola Bozzolan ,&nbsp;Frits Mohren ,&nbsp;Giacomo Grassi ,&nbsp;Mart-Jan Schelhaas ,&nbsp;Igor Staritsky ,&nbsp;Tobias Stern ,&nbsp;Mikko Peltoniemi ,&nbsp;Vladimír Šebeň ,&nbsp;Mariana Hassegawa ,&nbsp;Pieter Johannes Verkerk ,&nbsp;Marco Patacca ,&nbsp;Aris Jansons ,&nbsp;Martin Jankovský ,&nbsp;Petra Palátová ,&nbsp;Hanna Blauth ,&nbsp;Daniel McInerney ,&nbsp;Jan Oldenburger ,&nbsp;Eirik Ogner Jåstad ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Kubista ,&nbsp;Clara Antón-Fernández ,&nbsp;Gert-jan Nabuurs","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the overall demand for wood-based products continues to grow, questions arise on how local wood resources and industry characteristics can effectively meet this growing demand. In the European Union (EU) 550 million m³ of wood is harvested annually, and is to a large extent processed by the wood industry. Little is known about the interplay between industrial capacity and the regional availability of timber resources. We compared the capacities from the European Forest Industry Facilities Database (EUFID) with the estimated wood supply from the procurement areas around processing industries, calculated using a spatially explicit resource model (EFISCEN-Space). We found that the estimated total capacity for the available European countries is 427 M m³ roundwood equivalent (rw. Eq.) for pulp and paper (including both virgin and recycled fibres), 102 M m³ for bioenergy (only bioenergy plants), and 153 M m³ for sawmills. We then conducted an in-depth analysis of three case studies: Norway, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Given the current probability of trees being harvested (excluding disturbances) and the hypothetical optimal grading of the logs, the volume for each assortment type is closely aligned with the current capacity of each industry branch, indicating no overcapacity. We found undersupply of softwood of 3.4 M m³ for the Czech Republic, 1.5 M m³ for Norway, and 3.8 M m³ for Germany. At the same time, in Germany, we found an oversupply of hardwood of 3.0 M m³. Additionally, a substantial amount of biomass graded as bioenergy was found for Germany and the Czech Republic, potentially serving as fuelwood in households. Concerning wood procurement areas, we concluded that a fixed radius of 100 km from the facility limited the availability of raw material procurement, particularly for bioenergy and pulp and paper mills, suggesting that these two product chains use a broader procurement basin than sawlogs. This study provides a high-resolution, spatially explicit modelling methodology for assessing the interaction between potential wood harvest and industrial processing capacity, which can support projections of sustainable development of the forest industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How contracted tree farmers engage in and benefit from inclusive value chains: Evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Hoang Huu Dinh ,&nbsp;Loan Thanh Le ,&nbsp;Justus Wesseler","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contrast to agricultural crops, long-term tree contract farming (CF) for high-quality timber production under sustainable forest practices contributes to social and economic development, as well as environmental conservation. However, there is limited understanding and insufficient literature on the motivations and benefits of tree growers participating in timber and its associated value chains. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the factors influencing tree grower participation in the tree CF model in Vietnam. We analyzed national panel data of 1272 timber plots in 12 provinces from 2008 to 2018 using penalized maximum likelihood estimation. Additionally, we conducted a local survey of 55 tree producers and stakeholders to compare the household financial performances under the contract versus non-contract and their benefits in the respective value chain. Our findings confirm that households benefit significantly from CF and gain more by delaying harvest for three additional years with forest certification, compared to harvesting timber at year five for woodchips. We recommend increased investment from international and national businesses, as well as government programs, to support tree CF. Future research should explore the roles and impacts of various stakeholders and intervention to better understand and improve tree CF and their inclusive value chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}