Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Bioeconomy science collaboration between Brazil and Germany – On equal footing?","authors":"Júlia Mascarello ,&nbsp;Rosa Lehmann ,&nbsp;Alexandru Giurca","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge, science, and technology are at the core of both a ‘resource-based’ and ‘knowledge-based’ bioeconomy. Collaboration in science considers varying circumstances such as resource availability and technological infrastructure. Significant investments have been mobilized for supporting research, development, and bioeconomicy innovations in Brazil. Germany, in particular, is among Brazil's most prominent bioeconomy collaborators, specifically with regard to tropical forests for their function as a carbon sink, as a site with specific atmospheric and soil conditions for research, and as a provider of forest and agricultural biomass to contribute to the setup of biomass supply chains, and biodiversity. However, North-South inequalities continue to materialize both in knowledge production and scientific work. To better understand the nature of these inequalities, we conduct an explorative empirical study on German-Brazilian scientific collaboration on bioeconomy. Building on theoretical contributions located at the interface between International Relations and Science, Technology, and Innovation studies, we propose a categorization of inequalities in science collaboration which we then use to reflect upon and contextualize the findings from our qualitative interviews with bioeconomy researchers. Our analysis indicates that interviewed researchers perceive the scientific collaboration on bioeconomy between Brazil and Germany as unequal. These inequalities range from research infrastructure to academic career opportunities. However, inequalities are heavily influenced by how the national and international bioeconomy research agenda is defined, and most importantly by whom research agendas are set. Building on these findings, we discuss how international bioeconomy research could move away from the traditional North-South dichotomy in science collaboration towards a more collaborative and inclusive research agenda setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000340/pdfft?md5=827fc2a1f51a54f832035616382ee6c4&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000340-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139985936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active forest ownership – Perception of Finnish women forest owners","authors":"Juulia Kuhlman ,&nbsp;Katri Hamunen ,&nbsp;Annukka Vainio","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Active forest ownership” is often understood as a masculine and timber production-centric concept. The objective of this article is to study how women forest owners perceive the concept of “active forest ownership”. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted to study these questions. The interviews were analysed through the framework of feminist political ecology focusing specifically to different scales. The findings suggest that “active forest owner” is a more diverse concept for women forest owners than that described in Finnish forest policies or research. The definition includes feminine concepts like “taking care” of forests and understands that “being aware of forests” is a key part of being “active forest owner”. Furthermore, the intimate, family and local environment scales were crucial in impacting women's active forest ownership. These results indicate that forest policies would need to include a wider perspective of “active forest ownership” to address a larger proportion of forest owners and create more inclusive policies that could empower women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000352/pdfft?md5=c0c0d696d612271689cccd474f986f19&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000352-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the import allocation of wood pellets: Insights from price and policy influences under the renewable portfolio standard","authors":"Juhyun Oh ,&nbsp;Dong Hee Suh","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the import allocation of wood pellets, shedding light on the direction of import substitution in South Korea. For empirical analyses, this study employs the differential import allocation model incorporating both price and policy factors. The results show that both Southeast Asian countries and the rest of the world (ROW) support an additional increase in total imports. The results also present evidence that the import demand for wood pellets from Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and ROW is inelastic in response to a change in their own prices. Notably, Malaysian and ROW pellets serve as substitutes for Vietnamese wood pellets, and vice versa. The import demand for Malaysian and ROW pellets appears to be more responsive to fluctuations in the import prices of Vietnamese wood pellets than the reverse. Moreover, the results highlight the presence of policy-induced import allocation. When the mandated share in the renewable portfolio standard increases, South Korea tends to elevate the import demand for Vietnamese and Indonesian wood pellets while decreasing it from ROW. The rolling regression analyses further support the evidence of price- and policy-induced shifts in import sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economics of managing a small-scale radiata pine forest using target diameter harvesting","authors":"David Evison,&nbsp;Mark Bloomberg,&nbsp;Liam Walker,&nbsp;Matt Howley","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic performance of a target diameter harvesting management system in a small radiata pine forest in New Zealand. The analysis uses 20 years of harvesting data and shorter periods of data for other economic variables. A pre-harvest inventory was also carried out, which allowed the structure of the forest to be described and the standing crop to be valued.</p><p>The forest was established in even-aged stands over a number of years. The transition period from an even-aged to uneven-aged forest is not yet complete – even for the oldest forest areas which have been harvested for 20 years.</p><p>Using the available data, a comparison was able to be made between target diameter harvesting and clear-felling (even-aged management). While more data are required to do a full analysis, the conclusion is that the returns from this forest are modest and very similar between TDH and clear-felling.</p><p>This management system successfully allows annual cashflows from harvest on a relatively small area of forest. This is not just a different harvesting method – the entire management process and philosophy is different – TDH as reported here is managed in a very similar way to a pastoral farm. Similarities include the on-going evaluation and scheduling a range of operations by the owners who live on the property – successful implementation requires an owner with a wide variety of skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000327/pdfft?md5=12738d003da641ae6411aa380403907d&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000327-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139738703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tradeoffs and synergies of optimized management for maximizing carbon sequestration across complex landscapes and diverse ecosystem services","authors":"Adam Daigneault ,&nbsp;Erin Simons-Legaard ,&nbsp;Aaron Weiskittel","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest natural climate solutions such as improved forest management and reforestation have been identified as a cost-effective way to mitigate climate change. Several US states have GHG reduction policies, often citing forests as a key to meeting mitigation targets despite not knowing how specific practices impact carbon and other forest ecosystem services at the regional level. In response, we link a regional forest landscape model (LANDIS-II) with economic and policy data to assess how shifting forest management in Maine, USA, impacts the region's future carbon sequestration, timber supply, biodiversity, and landowner returns. Scenario analysis results show consistent tradeoffs between carbon sequestration and timber supply, with impacts diminished when managers shift to a land-sparing and balanced management approach consisting of permanent set-asides and intensive clearcut with planting regimes. We also estimate that carbon sequestration can increase by 15–25% over the reference case while still maintaining harvest levels by shifting to a broader mix of intensive and extensive practices. Further, we estimate that harvests could grow by 20% above the baseline and still positively affect forest carbon. In all cases, shifts in practices had a mixed impact on biodiversity due to the diverse habitat indicators evaluated for this study. Overall, we find that changes in forest management can lead to improved outcomes for both carbon and other forest ecosystem services of interest, provided managers are given the policy, economic, and social incentives to do so.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation policy and forest transition in Zagros forests: Statistical analysis of human welfare, biophysical, and climate drivers","authors":"Hadi Beygi Heidarlou ,&nbsp;Asma Karamat Mirshekarlou ,&nbsp;David Lopez-Carr ,&nbsp;Stelian Alexandru Borz","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding patterns in forest cover change (FCC) is urgently needed to support government policies aimed at long-term sustainable forest management. Because of the struggle against forest loss, the Zagros forests (ZFs), which cover 3.5% of Iran's total land area, have been subjected to conservation policies. However, little is known about the efficacy of these strategies, and most information about dynamics of the ZFs is dependent on official data, which can be scant and unreliable. Therefore, the need for accurate statistics is felt more than ever in response to the requirements of international requests for information transparency. If positive or negative changes are recorded during the implementation of these policies, it is essential to assess the extent to which drivers were responsible for these changes. We assess the patterns of forest cover in the ZFs between 2002 and 2022 in the context of the implementation of one of Iran's most significant conservation policies. Furthermore, an evaluation of how forest dynamics relate to the main variables of FCC is performed. For this purpose, we used Landsat data and Google Earth Engine platform to calculate ZF cover dynamics for 61 counties in 11 provinces. Findings indicate that after 20 years of implementing conservation policies, the ZF cover has increased by 0.53%. Changes in the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gini indices were significant during the study period at the 95% confidence level, and the HDI demonstrated a significant correlation with Forest recovery (<em>R</em> = 0.151) and deforestation (<em>R</em> = −0.190) at the 95% confidence level. Changes in ZF have a significant relationship with distance from forests, roads, precipitation, and slope at the county level. In addition to the variables addressed in this research, conservation strategy played a positive role on ZF recovery. Findings can help clarify the changes and amount of forest cover, and have global consequences for concentrating more on improving the socioeconomic status of local people and conserving forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does an inconsistent land tenure certificate affect technical efficiency of smallholder rubber farming: Evidence from a panel data in Southwest China","authors":"Shi Min ,&nbsp;Junfei Bai ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Wang ,&nbsp;Hermann Waibel","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existing rural land tenure system in many developing countries is characterized by imperfections and conflicts. In rural regions of China, although most farmers possess land tenure certificates, there are instances where these certificates do not align with the actual land use. This study examines the technical efficiency (TE) of smallholder rubber farming at the plot level in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (XSBN) in Yunnan Province, China, using three-wave panel data. Additionally, the study aims to estimate the impact of inconsistent land tenure certificates on rubber plantations. The TE of smallholder rubber farming in XSBN ranged from 0.01 to 0.89, with an average of 0.554. The possession of a land tenure certificate indirectly enhances the TE of smallholder rubber farming by optimizing factor inputs. Furthermore, the TE of rubber plantations with forestland tenure certificates surpasses that of rubber plantations with farmland tenure certificates. This investigation sheds light on the issue of inconsistent land tenures in the context of economic forest expansion in southern China and advocates for further research in related areas. The findings contribute to the existing empirical evidence on the TE of smallholder rubber farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139709705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing gender roles, relations, and perspectives in small-scale and community forestry – implications for policy and practice","authors":"Liz Ota ,&nbsp;Gun Lidestav ,&nbsp;Elias Andersson ,&nbsp;Tony Page ,&nbsp;Jayne Curnow ,&nbsp;Lilian Nunes ,&nbsp;Henry Goltiano ,&nbsp;Nestor Gregorio ,&nbsp;Natalia Ferreira dos Santos ,&nbsp;John Herbohn","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study synthesises published research on gender relations in small-scale and community forestry to examine how gender roles, dynamics, and identities are understood in the literature. We also assess the ways in which gendered social relations can be more effectively incorporated into policies and practice. After initial screening, 140 papers were systematically reviewed. Thematic analysis revealed that gender relations have been studied in small-scale and community forestry under different approaches and to various depths but were frequently equated to women's issues. Although normative gendered roles within households and communities may persist, there are opportunities for breaking through stereotypes. Most common findings were that small-scale and community forestry increases gender equity in rural communities but can have adverse effects if women are not genuinely included in decision making. Leaving women's perspectives out of decision-making processes can be harmful to their livelihoods. Further, as women often distribute the benefits from small-scale and community forestry to households and communities, their absence in decision making is detrimental to society. Policies that promote ways to incorporate the perspectives of men and women in small-scale and community forestry can benefit from the resultant broader knowledge bases and objectives. When gender inequities are pronounced, gender-targeted approaches might be necessary. Other factors that explain social stratification, such as ethnicity and age groups, must also be taken into consideration. Small-scale and community forestry can provide opportunities to broaden the scope of livelihoods, decision making, and contribute to a more gender-equitable engagement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000200/pdfft?md5=a33f2fe18359ac10e73daba2d8f3cddb&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139660257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance of global forest governance: Three contrasting perspectives","authors":"Bas Arts ,&nbsp;Maria Brockhaus ,&nbsp;Lukas Giessen ,&nbsp;Constance L. McDermott","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The scope and complexity of international forest-related governance have expanded tremendously over the last decades. As many as 41 ‘institutional elements’ were counted by scholars (from UNFF to UNFCCC to SDGs). The questions of how these governance arrangements ‘perform’, for what purpose and for whom are widely contested between scholars and practitioners. This paper compares three different analytical frames, which have been employed by some of the authors. These are 1) the consequences of a fragmented regime complex, 2) the global-local nexus and 3) the critical global political economy. The frames map out their contributions and key differences in analytical perspective and help focus and advance debates. Each perspective is based on different theories, epistemologies and methodological approaches and hence yields different key results. The first frame emphasises institutional and policy fragmentation, the symbolic nature of the agreements and the ineffectiveness of the policy measures; the second shows progress in discourses, institutional design, and on-the-ground performance, while the third finds global governance has reinforced inequalities in power and access to land and natural resources. All authors agree, however, that a shift in the balance of power and novel actor coalitions are necessary to change the current global forest governance trajectory significantly. They also acknowledge the need for much greater diversity in voice and representation in both the research and practice of global forest governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000182/pdfft?md5=97d45b36e1441a72fd3e70a955b54f66&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139659849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability analysis of southern plantations through timber alone or timber and carbon integration in pine-sweetgum mixes","authors":"Jonas C. Moeller ,&nbsp;Andres Susaeta ,&nbsp;Peter Deegen ,&nbsp;Ajay Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Due to their high degree of heterogeneity, mixed forest plantations<span> give rise to numerous questions regarding the economic feasibility of this type of forest management. We simulated the growth of loblolly pine mixed in various proportions with white </span></span>oak<span><span> and sweetgum (75–25%, 50–50%, and 25%–75%), two commercially important hardwood species of the southeastern United States, to obtain a better understanding of the optimality of mixed plantation management. The most relevant result was that, in all scenarios, the maximum land expectation values of mixed plantations are higher than the maximum land expectation values of monoculture plantations established for </span>timber production<span> only, and for plantations managed for combined timber production and carbon sequestration<span>. Economically, the optimal mixed forest plantation scenario contains 1125 loblolly pine trees and 375 sweetgum trees per hectare. We identified the density effect between the loblolly pine trees within the mixed plantations as the main factor driving the value of mixed plantations. The mixed white oak and sweetgum trees also increased the maximum land expectation values of the mixed stands in comparison to the less dense monoculture loblolly pine stands. This implies that the incorporation of hardwoods adds timber, but the trees do not represent a substitute for pine. Our analysis showed that mixed forest plantations can be a feasible economic option to diversify the production of timber in the region.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139655932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}