Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of location, feedstock availability, and economic impacts of potential mass timber processing facilities in Michigan","authors":"Naresh Khanal ,&nbsp;Raju Pokharel ,&nbsp;Jagdish Poudel ,&nbsp;Shivan Gc ,&nbsp;Elliot Shannon ,&nbsp;Emily Huff ,&nbsp;Andrew Finley","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mass timber, an engineered wood product, offers exceptional strength and versatility as a building material, is lightweight, which makes it easy to transport and assemble, is aesthetically appealing, and offers the potential to reduce GHG emissions. This study attempts to identify the potential locations for mass timber production in Michigan, estimate the available feedstock, and evaluate the economic impacts of mass timber production on the state's economy. Procurement zones for all softwood lumber producers in Michigan were identified and overlaid to create competition hotspots for the softwood sawtimber industry. Two potential locations were identified for mass timber production within the state. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data was used to estimate the annual sustainable availability of softwood (ASAW) for mass timber production. Finally, IMPLAN was used to assess the economic impacts associated with mass timber production in Michigan. We identified two sawmills for mass timber production and concluded that there is sufficient ASAW for mass timber production in these facilities. Producing 12,429 m³ of mass timber supports at least 93 total jobs (35 direct, 29 indirect, and 29 induced) with a total output of $12.52 million in Michigan's economy. Similarly, upgrading the capacity of existing sawmills to supply lumber for mass timber production will result in 34 additional jobs with a total output of $5.63 million.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does economic performance matter for forest conversion in Congo Basin tropical forests?FMOLS-DOLS approaches","authors":"Jonathan Bakadila Ngoma,&nbsp;Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deforestation through forest conversion is a significant threat to the environment that leads to biodiversity loss, land degradation, soil erosion, and climate change. We add to the literature by analyzing the aggregated (with the basic model estimated using GDP as a proxy for economic activity) and disaggregated (with the extended models using agriculture and mining as proxies for economic activities) effects of economic performance on deforestation in the Congo Basin, which is the world's second-largest contiguous block of tropical forest that has experienced an increase in deforestation in recent years. To solve the problems of small sample bias and series correlation, forest conversion data are explained using FMOLS-DOLS estimators with data from 1990 to 2020. The results show an inverted U-shaped pattern when mining and agriculture are considered indicators for economic activities while a U-shaped relationship when GDP is used as a proxy for economic activities. We also found that population, openness, forest rents, and institutions were significant determinants of deforestation in the Congo Basin. Hence, we suggested that deforestation rates can be reduced by enhanced educational attainment in collaboration with agricultural and mining technology improvement while strengthening governance will curtail deforestation and pave the way for sustainable exploitation of forest resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On entrepreneurship in forestry","authors":"Daowei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I first present two main economic entrepreneurship theories and an analytical framework for forest-based entrepreneurships that include personal, socio-economic, forestry or forest-management specific, and institutional/contextual factors. I then present a few successful forestry entrepreneurs in the United States to highlight importance of various factors. Finally, I speculate on the future of entrepreneurship in forestry in terms of sustainable production as well as environmental stewardship in light of the recent movement toward privatization of some public goods such as forest carbon and biodiversity, and discuss research and education related to forestry entrepreneurship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential: Expert insights on the long-term compatibility of forest carbon credits with the EU ETS","authors":"Sebastian Bleuel ,&nbsp;Carsten Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest-based carbon credits, primarily domestic, are crucial in many Emissions Trading Schemes as they offer a cost-efficient means of offsetting hard-to-abate emissions. To date, forest-based credits are not accepted in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). However, with the Paris Agreement rulebook now largely finalized, a revival of a flexibility mechanism in European climate policy is plausible. Based on 24 expert interviews, we examined the forest potential within the EU ETS across short-, medium-, and long-term time frames. Even though the compliance system remains ineligible for carbon credits until 2030, we found there is a likelihood of transitioning towards the inclusion of forest-based removals and reductions in the long term. Although forestry projects have faced significant reluctance in the EU, there is unanimous agreement on the importance of such initiatives and technological solutions for climate protection. To fully leverage the potential of forest activity in the future, it will be necessary to adopt different methods, tools (e.g., liability regimes), and stricter socio-economic legislation (e.g., land use rights), overcome implementation hurdles (e.g., not compromise deterrence through mitigation), and maintain an open political stance. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the barriers and potential of forestry projects within the EU compliance system. The research findings could help ensure immediate attention to the barriers when the discussion on future eligibility resumes to be ready for carbon credits in the next phase of the EU ETS from 2030.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioeconomy in countries of the Mekong region: Stakeholder understanding and perceptions in Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos","authors":"Radek Rinn ,&nbsp;Martin Jankovský ,&nbsp;Petra Palátová ,&nbsp;Sandra Paola García-Jácome ,&nbsp;Alice Sharp ,&nbsp;Prasit Wangpakapattanawong ,&nbsp;Nataša Lovrić ,&nbsp;Manh Vu Van ,&nbsp;Minh Doan Thi Nhat ,&nbsp;Bounheuang Ninchaleune ,&nbsp;Inta Chanthavong ,&nbsp;Kongchan Doungmala","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to analyse, evaluate, and compare the status of the bioeconomy concept in the Mekong region in three countries, namely Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. The research questions focused on the perception of the bioeconomy concept by the governments and industries, the barriers to its development, and the prerequisites for its development in the region, and also explored whether it is reflected in the related existing official strategic documents. The study used a combined methodology that included qualitative document analysis and an online questionnaire distributed to public and private sector representatives in all three countries, analysed through Advocacy Coalition Framework theory lenses. The results showed that while the bioeconomy is acknowledged in many institutions of the South-East Asian countries and closely connected to the sustainable development and circular economy, there is a lack of a clear bioeconomy vision, resulting in the absence of dedicated bioeconomy strategies in these countries. The results indicated that the bioeconomy concept is a new emerging concept in these countries, which was perceived as the most important barrier to its development. Unfortunately, there is limited expert knowledge of the bioeconomy, and insufficient support from the state-level, followed by low technological development. The study also highlighted the irreplaceable role of the forest-based sector in the bioeconomy concept. The authors suggest further research on the economic valuation of the bioeconomy to promote its adoption, as well as a greater involvement of key policymakers in the individual countries for its further development, specifically in Thailand and Vietnam, or a further comparison with selected European countries. The study also suggests several possible assumptions for the development of the bioeconomy in the studied countries, based on their different levels of technological development and industrialization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000431/pdfft?md5=73b852f2b3117ee6e95e3b99147262e2&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects and challenges for policy convergence between the EU and China to address imported deforestation","authors":"Mairon G. Bastos Lima ,&nbsp;Toby A. Gardner ,&nbsp;Constance L. McDermott ,&nbsp;André A. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The EU and China are major importers of ‘forest-risk’ commodities and thus play a pivotal role in shaping the sustainability of those commodities supply chains. The EU recently introduced a regulation mandating due diligence by companies to ensure commodities are not sourced from recently deforested land. However, even if eventually successful in eliminating ‘imported’ deforestation to Europe, the regulation risks creating leakage to China and other markets. This possibility has prompted stakeholders to call for cooperation and policy alignment between the EU and China to address imported deforestation. This study applies the ‘Brussels Effect’ theory to identify what factors hinder or facilitate such policy convergence. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with key informants engaged in EU-China dialogues on the topic. Our findings suggest that, despite political signals from high-level Chinese leadership, it is unlikely that China will adopt trade measures requiring ‘deforestation free’ commodities in the foreseeable future. China's foreign policy stance of non-interference and concerns about its food security are key obstacles. While this limits the prospects of policy convergence in the short to medium term, a mix of market-based forces and cooperative mechanisms enabled by the EU regulation may lower the barriers and costs for companies to expand compliance with zero deforestation standards to other markets such as China, making some level of ‘de facto’ convergence plausible. We also note the importance of moving beyond a unilateral ‘Brussels Effect’ framing to consider the role of diplomacy, cooperation, and geopolitical conditions that promote, or run counter to, policy convergence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124000364/pdfft?md5=3f769c744f0960b63a294416cdb4b5e5&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124000364-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of trade openness on deforestation in the Congo Basin countries","authors":"André Melachio Tameko","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effects of trade openness on deforestation in the six countries of the Congo Basin using a panel data model. An up-to-date database on forest cover is utilized for the period 1990–2020. The feasible generalized least squares, seemingly unrelated regression, correlated panels corrected standard errors, and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors estimators are employed in this study to account for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence. Given the presence of cointegration, the dynamic ordinary least squares for cointegrated panel data is also utilized to estimate the model. The results indicate that an increase in trade openness is associated with a higher rate of deforestation. This finding is further supported by the robustness check conducted using the Trade Globalisation Index. Furthermore, a U-shaped relationship is observed between deforestation and income, which contradicts the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminal value: A crucial and yet often forgotten element in timber harvest scheduling and timberland valuation","authors":"Bruno Kanieski da Silva ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rezaei ,&nbsp;Tanger Shaun ,&nbsp;Jesse Henderson ,&nbsp;Eric McConnell ,&nbsp;Changyou Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A forest investment's returns are generated from three sources: the land's gain in value, the timber's growth in size and product class improvement, and the timber price change. Land appreciation is rapidly leading to an inverse relationship with tenure. This phenomenon has turned what was once an academic exercise of land appraisal into a practical one that incorporates the asset's terminal value. We found that failing to account for the terminal value can lead to sizable differences in forest value, although those differences diminish with increasing planning time horizons. The findings can be of use to those who conduct appraisal work for larger timberland owners because (1) land held under short holding times has offered an increasingly large share of timber supply, (2) classical models fail to capture the complexity of management decisions under this regime, and (3) “short term” holders face a terminal value risk, which we evaluate through scenario analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140024167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protected Areas and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in European countries","authors":"Salvatore Bimonte ,&nbsp;Arsenio Stabile","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protected areas are a natural instrument for preserving biodiversity and a major defence against climate change. This paper uses an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) perspective to examine the relationship between the percentage of national territory under protection (PA%) and per capita GDP (GDPpc) in European countries. Building on the results of a previous study (Bimonte, 2002) that found a U-shaped relationship between GDPpc and PA%, it explores fate of this relationship two decades later, after two economic crises and a pandemic. It also investigates the effect of the European Union (EU) enlargement. In a dynamic perspective, it analyses the effect, if any, on national conservation policy. Due to the characteristics of the indicator chosen, which is stock-sensitive and subject to saturation effect, it verifies whether the relationship between income level and PA% is still an EKC, or whether a convergence in conservation policy has emerged and PA% is tending to a steady state. This is done by running regression models on the countries to test said EKC and <em>β</em>-convergence hypotheses. The results confute the persistence of an EKC and show a convergence in conservation policy in the last two decades, albeit with interesting differences between groups of countries, in particular latecomers as opposed to old member states of the EU. The results have important policy implications: when dealing with public or collective goods, or goods that produce externalities, centralised (federal) guidance is more effective than local and decentralised approaches (subsidiarity principle).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138993412400039X/pdfft?md5=91596cb6d4155e345608118d978c9de2&pid=1-s2.0-S138993412400039X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140014625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are you okay with overtourism in forests? Path between crowding perception, satisfaction, and management action of trail visitors in South Korea","authors":"Tae Kyung Yoon ,&nbsp;Ji Yong Myeong ,&nbsp;Yuju Lee ,&nbsp;Yun Eui Choi ,&nbsp;Seonghun Lee ,&nbsp;Sugwang Lee ,&nbsp;Chaeho Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In forest tourism, overtourism and overcrowding can have ecological and environmental impacts, overburden management systems, and negatively impact visitor experiences. Management approaches to address overtourism and crowding can be conservationist or developmentalist, depending on visitors' crowding perception. This case study field surveyed 581 visitors on a forest trail in South Korea. Differences in crowding perception, satisfaction, contingent valuation, and management action were analyzed by using visitor demographics and visiting season. Their interrelation path was investigated using a structural equation model. The acceptable level of person at one time (PAOT) was determined using an in-situ visual experiment. Sex and age of respondents did not impact crowding perception and satisfaction; however, acceptable level of PAOT and satisfaction with trail difficulty were higher as the age increased. Respondents perceived encounter frequency and crowding between visiting seasons differently. Satisfaction decreased when visitors evaluated more crowding. Crowding norm curves were developed for each of the responses for acceptable level of PAOT in the visual experiment; older visitors were more tolerant of overcrowding than younger visitors. The path between perceived encounters, evaluated crowding, and norms was confirmed. Preferred management actions were affected by crowding perception, satisfaction with facilities and trail difficulty, and age. In the East Asian context, where population density and need for forest tourism are high, this study suggests that visitors' crowding perception should be thoroughly considered in carrying capacity management in forest tourism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}