Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

{"title":"‘Greenlash’ and reactionary stakeholders in environmental governance: An analysis of soy farmers against zero deforestation in Brazil","authors":"Rafaela Barbosa de Andrade Aragão ,&nbsp;Mairon G. Bastos Lima ,&nbsp;Georgette Leah Burns ,&nbsp;Helen Ross ,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid disappearance of tropical forests has led to increased adoption of sustainability commitments. However, implementing zero-deforestation commitments faces numerous challenges, including resistance from those who benefit from the current practices in agricultural commodity-exporting countries, such as large-scale farmers. This study focuses on industrial soy farmers in Tocantins, a Brazilian state in the Cerrado ecoregion with high soy-driven deforestation rates. Drawing from a review of the land-use change literature in Brazil and background interviews with soy farmers in Tocantins, we ran a focus group with them to appraise three scenarios of increased restrictions on agricultural land-use expansion. They are: (1) access to a productivity-increasing technology conditioned to refraining from opening new farms in areas with native vegetation; (2) a hardened European policy limiting imports to conversion-free soy regardless of the ecosystem; and (3) a strengthening of Brazil's environmental policy, increasing the amount of land farmers are to set aside for conservation. Our findings show Brazilian soy farmers are highly skeptical of environmental regulations and suspicious of foreign actors. While rallying for greater autonomy, they rejected attempts to rein in their (agri)business-as-usual practices and dismissed such policy efforts as ultimately driven by hidden agendas – showing a strong inclination to resort to conspiracy theories, understood as alternative explanations that attribute events to scheming by powerful actors. A frontier mindset, underscored by libertarian values, coupled with distrust in state institutions or in the motives of foreign regulators thus create an obstructive, reactionary stance in the face of zero-deforestation efforts in Brazil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001217/pdfft?md5=5e92259b2899b62281925ff85d2fcc05&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A gravity model analysis of trade regulations on wood products exports: Evidence from Cameroon, Ghana, and the republic of Congo","authors":"Ghanashyam Khanal ,&nbsp;Daowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jeffrey P. Prestemon ,&nbsp;Niras Paija","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study assesses the impact of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreement (FLEGT VPA) and the Lacey Act Amendment (LAA) on the export quantities of wood products from Cameroon, Ghana and the Republic of Congo using the panel gravity Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) technique. The results indicate that FLEGT VPA had a negative and significant impact on industrial roundwood export quantity from all three countries. Similarly, its effects on the export of sawnwood and wood-based panels are also negative, except for Cameroon. On the other hand, the impact of LAA appears to be mixed. These results are validated by applying an alternative Driscoll-Kraay robust standard error estimation method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust, tenure security and investment in high-value forests","authors":"Amanuel Hadera ,&nbsp;Tewodros Tadesse ,&nbsp;Woldegebrial Zeweld ,&nbsp;Girmay Tesfay ,&nbsp;Bereket Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In customary tenure systems, the literature documents the limitations of land formalization in ensuring tenure security and fostering investment. One hypothesis put forward for this is that formalized tenure arrangements offer little legal protection; and as a result, farmers look for their socio-political connections to ensure tenure security and make investment decisions. By distinguishing trust in institutions from trust in social networks, this study examines their relationship with tenure security and investment in high-value trees. Using data from Liberian farmers who grow rubber, cocoa and coffee, we use two-stage IV regression to explore the divergent relationship of the trust indicators with tenure security. Moreover, using tenure security as an endogenous switching variable, we explore its correlation with investment. We find both trust indicators are positively related with tenure security while alternative specifications appear to show the more important role of trust on institutions for enhancing tenure security. We also find both trust indicators spur investment, and note of their divergent influence on investment in different trees. These results reflect a growing recognition of the need to decouple trust on institutions from social trust to give policy development a useful direction on the divergent influence of tenure institutions, such as social and institutional trust.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional and actor-oriented factors influencing timber legality in selected Western Balkan countries: Multiple case study of Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia and the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)","authors":"Maja Radosavljević ,&nbsp;Todora Rogelja ,&nbsp;Mauro Masiero ,&nbsp;Dragan Čomić ,&nbsp;Branko Glavonjić ,&nbsp;Davide Pettenella","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates timber legality issues in the Western Balkans by examining the transposition of national policy frameworks in five Western Balkan countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and the Republic of Srpska, BH) with the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) requirements. The study uses a multiple-embedded case study design to investigate national policies and regulations on preventing and tackling illegal logging and those dealing with the trade in timber and timber products. A qualitative content analysis of retrieved documents was conducted to check the extent to which EUTR requirements are covered. Interviews with 36 key actors across selected countries were conducted to analyse their perceptions of the EUTR and the recently approved European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), focusing on awareness, transparency, information flow, resources, and challenges of ensuring timber legality. The study also distinguished institutional and actor-oriented factors influencing the transposition of EUTR and forthcoming EUDR requirements into national policies and forest management practices. The contribution offers a comparative gap analysis of EU requirements' incorporation within targeted countries' national policy frameworks and an overview of common and opposing perceptions on timber legality and legitimate forestry practices among key stakeholders in five Western Balkan countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001151/pdfft?md5=f09c7f259c23518770c246a390c8c3de&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A natural experiment: Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon forest recreation use and preferences in Ireland","authors":"Martin Murphy ,&nbsp;Paula Cullen ,&nbsp;Cathal O'Donoghue ,&nbsp;Mary Ryan ,&nbsp;Áine Ní Dhubháin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study surveyed 292 visitors to eight recreational forests during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate whether the pandemic had a stimulatory effect on visitation rates. An increase in visitation was noted, with existing visitors visiting more frequently. Many indicated that they planned to continue to visit more and the enjoyment they gained from the recreational experience was high. Few novel visitors were encountered. Using logistic regression, employed individuals and those working in the ‘Office/Education/Health’ sector were found to be significantly more likely to increase the frequency of their visits during the pandemic than those unemployed or working in other sectors; the opposite was true for older visitors. Using a panel regression model, it was found that increasing distance to a recreational forest was inversely related with level of preference; broadleaf forests and forests containing recreational facilities were positively correlated with level of preference. Visitors tended to have higher education levels than the population at large. They also did not generally travel far to reach a recreational forest and predominantly travelled by car. The results support the expansion of the forest estate near public transport and urban areas to maximise opportunities for forest recreation. They also highlight that more needs to be done to attract new visitors to forests and to expand the diversity of visitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical inequalities in global forest science: A bibliometric perspective","authors":"Nelius Boshoff ,&nbsp;Similo Ngwenya ,&nbsp;Susanne Koch ,&nbsp;Jonathan Dudek ,&nbsp;Olena Strelnyk ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Costas ,&nbsp;Amani J. Uisso","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This bibliometric study is situated in the context of increasing awareness of inequalities in forest science. It was led by a single, core question: What geographical inequalities structure global forest science and how do they align with the natural geographical distribution of forest areas? Bourdieu's field theory was used to investigate the inequalities, focusing on three types of capital considered important for participation in global science: scientific capital (products of knowledge and acts of recognition), collaboration capital, and funding capital. To operationalise the types of capital for bibliometric analysis, eight regional-level indicators and seven country-level indicators were developed. The Dimensions database served as the data source to extract relevant publications in forest science from 2000 to 2021 based on the database's publication-level field classification. Forest-related research needs were determined using non-bibliometric data, specifically the extent of cover per region and country. This enabled the calculation of disparity ratios between the world shares of forest publications and the world shares of forests. The results highlight persisting inequalities in the distribution of different forms of capital in global science, as well as (mis)alignment with the geographical distribution of forest areas. While the Bourdieusian assumption that “capital breeds capital” seems to apply to two dominant regions (Europe and Northern America), explaining their continued centrality as loci of forest science, it does not seem to apply more generally. The study points to a mismatch between research foci and needs, which is concerning given the importance of place and context in forest science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001047/pdfft?md5=d3b3947fccb81cde529d2bee216dd25b&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest carbon offset protocols in compliance carbon markets","authors":"Lili Li,&nbsp;Daowei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The forestry sector plays a significant role in nature-based climate solutions. This paper is a comparative review and analysis of forest carbon offset protocols in compliance carbon markets in Australia, California, China, New Zealand, and U.S. Northeast. Our results show variations in protocol designs, particularly in relation to additionality, permanence, non-leakage, and monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV), as well as regarding the fungibility between industrial carbon reduction and forest-based carbon offset. These results may have implications for national or subnational entities to build credible forest carbon offset protocols and programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141182975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does agroforestry contribute to household food security? A micro-perspective from southern Rwanda","authors":"Jules Ngango ,&nbsp;Edouard Musabanganji ,&nbsp;Aristide Maniriho ,&nbsp;Ferdinand Nkikabahizi ,&nbsp;Anitha Mukamuhire ,&nbsp;John N. Ng'ombe","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is widely recognized that hunger impacts roughly one-third of the global populace, with over one-third of those suffering from undernourishment concentrated in Africa. Agroforestry has emerged as a promising soil fertility improvement technology to address these food security challenges. This study utilizes an endogenous switching regression model, complemented with coarsened exact matching, to ascertain the effects of adopting agroforestry on household food security. We used data from a sample of 615 farms in Southern Rwanda. The findings indicate that the main determinants of agroforestry adoption include secure land tenure, membership in cooperatives, access to credit, household size, and farmers' awareness of agroforestry practices. Findings highlight the substantial contributions of agroforestry to food security, with adopters experiencing 19.81 percentage points higher food consumption scores compared to non-adopters. Moreover, the results reveal potential benefits for non-adopters through agroforestry adoption, thereby suggesting that even individuals who do not currently engage in agroforestry could enhance their food security by considering adoption. These insights emphasize the long-term potential of promoting agroforestry for current and prospective adopters. Policies reinforcing land security, supporting cooperatives, providing accessible credit, and promoting farmer sensitization are crucial for encouraging agroforestry adoption and improving food security. By identifying key determinants and quantifying impacts, this study offers targeted guidance for interventions that leverage agroforestry as a sustainable solution to enhance household food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data and information in a political forest: The case of REDD+","authors":"Maria Brockhaus ,&nbsp;Veronique De Sy ,&nbsp;Monica Di Gregorio ,&nbsp;Martin Herold ,&nbsp;Grace Y. Wong ,&nbsp;Robert Ochieng ,&nbsp;Arild Angelsen","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data and information are central to policy processes, as they frame the policy problem, the design and the implementation of policy, and evaluation of policy impacts. Better data and information infrastructure is expected to lead to better policies and outcomes, for example, by enabling transparent decision making and enhancing capacity and accountability. However, the collection, selection, representation, framing and application of data are not merely technical and apolitical procedures, but are dependent on the interests represented in the policy processes they aim to inform. Social scientists have pointed to the “politics of numbers” and their effects on forests and trees and on the people relying on them, as well as on those involved in their measurements. We use the case of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) international initiative and focus on the central aspect of understanding drivers of deforestation and measures of REDD+ performance to unpack the politics of policy processes. Data and information are socially constructed, and their interpretations are shaped by the contexts in which they emerge. Dominant beliefs in the transformative power of new data and technologies cannot explain why, often, new information does not translate into policy change and action to halt deforestation. Technological advances in making new and ever larger amounts of data available for analysis are a necessary yet insufficient condition for changing the business as usual in deforestation. Through openness, reflexivity and the tackling of silences in data and information related to the global political economy of deforestation the scientific community can make a key contribution to more equitable policy change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140953802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder perceptions in mangrove management in the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka","authors":"Thanne Walawwe Gedera Fathima Mafaziya Nijamdeen ,&nbsp;Sofia Peruzzo ,&nbsp;Kodikara Arachchilage Sunanda Kodikara ,&nbsp;Hajaniaina Andrianavalonarivo Ratsimbazafy ,&nbsp;Thenne Walawe Gedhara Fathima Ashara Nijamdeen ,&nbsp;Thajudeen Thahira ,&nbsp;Thasajini Sajeevan ,&nbsp;Deluxeani Kugathasan ,&nbsp;Jean Hugé ,&nbsp;Farid Dahdouh-Guebas","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mangroves are recognised as social-ecological systems where ecological dimensions constanty interact with human dimensions. In the Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka, mangroves constitute the primary forest type. However, a destructive civil war spanning over 25 years, heavily affected the local vegetation and local inhabitants. Large patches of mangrove forests were damaged and remained inaccessible for a considerable time, compelling most of the population to temporarily abandon their land. This study aimed to investigate the main mangrove goods and services that the local population benefits from and gather opinions of mangrove management stakeholders regarding mangrove conservation in the Jaffna Peninsula through a mixed methods approach. Ethnobiological surveys were conducted with coastal communities, along with Q methodology, expert opinion surveys and additional semi-structured interviews with mangrove management stakeholders. Ethnobiological surveys revealed a significant distancing of local communities from mangrove goods and services. The Q methodology identified three discourses: community-oriented, government-oriented, and mangrove conservation oriented. Expert opinion surveys highlighted encroachment and pollution as major threats to mangroves. Issues raised in the semi structured interviews include challenges regarding land ownership permits during and after the war, weak interactions among different stakeholders with overlapping jurisdiction, failed replantation efforts and scarcity of scientific data for mangrove management. Addressing these issues is crucial not only for fostering effective mangrove management and conservation in the Jaffna Peninsula but also forpotentially benifittingother districts in Sri Lanka and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}