{"title":"Cities that breathe: Quantifying carbon emission reductions through forest city designation","authors":"Jianxian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid escalating global climate concerns, urban carbon reduction strategies have gained increasing significance for sustainable development. This study investigates the carbon abatement impact of China's forest city designation over the past two decades, utilizing a difference-in-differences model within a quasi-natural experimental framework. The baseline estimates indicate that, after the policy implementation, the treatment group experienced a reduction of 2.482 million metric tons in carbon emissions. Applying social cost of carbon and mortality cost of carbon, this reduction translates into economic benefits ranging from $76.94 million to $90.84 million, while potentially preventing 266 to 560 premature deaths associated with climate change. The effectiveness mechanisms include increased forest area, enhanced stock volume, expanded urban greening, improved carbon sequestration capacity, and heightened public environmental awareness as evidenced by rising environmental complaints. Furthermore, green finance initiatives and environmental legislation significantly amplify the decarbonization effects of forest city designation. Mayor characteristics also demonstrate moderating effects, with gender diversity, higher educational attainment, humanities and social sciences backgrounds, and hometown service appointments contributing to more effective climate change responses. This research provides empirical evidence that urban forestry policies can deliver quantifiable climate benefits, offering valuable insights for policymakers seeking nature-based solutions to address urban carbon challenges in an increasingly warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 103541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan-Yu Liu , Chin-Chun Yen , Rachel S.K. Lee , Chun-Cheng Lin
{"title":"Navigating crowds: Reconsidering visitor recreational experience and crowding preference for a forest park in Taiwan","authors":"Wan-Yu Liu , Chin-Chun Yen , Rachel S.K. Lee , Chun-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As forest recreational activities gain popularity, the potential for crowding and activity-based conflicts to diminish sustainable recreational quality becomes a critical concern. Consequently, it is vital to understand the factors shaping recreational preferences and conflict perceptions in natural settings. This study selected Xitou Nature Education Area, Taiwan's most frequented forest park, as a case study to investigate complex relationships among visitor demographics, crowding perceptions, and recreational behaviors. Using a questionnaire and choice experiment, the study explored perceptions of crowding and recreational conflicts within Xitou, alongside visitors' willingness to travel further to avoid crowded conditions. The analysis showed that visitor preferences differed significantly across socioeconomic groups, with age playing a substantial role in shaping motivations and behaviors. While overall perceptions of crowding were moderate, visitors aged 65 and older demonstrated notable tolerance for crowds. Despite the park's high visitation, the incidence of recreational conflict was relatively low, with primary disturbances attributed to visitors resting in various locations, park staff, and group game participants. Contrary to expectations, visitors did not exhibit strong willingness to pay to avoid crowding. Instead, results surprisingly suggested a slight preference for increased social interaction within the park, challenging the general assumption that crowding is always viewed negatively. Drawing from visitor perceptions of overcrowding, we propose enhanced regulations and stricter monitoring for designated resting and picnicking areas to elevate the forest recreation experience. Crucially, this study highlights that effective park management must acknowledge and cater to diverse visitor motivations, whether they seek physical activity, social engagement, or solitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 103540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A heuristic typology of mediator-centered power in land use conflicts: An actor centered analysis for developing countries","authors":"Muhammad Alif K. Sahide","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances a heuristic typology to analyze mediator-centered power in land-use conflicts, offering an actor-centered framework tailored to the socio-political complexities of developing countries. Moving beyond linear knowledge-transfer models, we reconceptualize mediators as power integrators who strategically convert between epistemic, structural, and agential power to shape conflict outcomes by bridging technical knowledge with political negotiation, mediators strategically position themselves within formal and informal governance arenas, negotiating between bureaucratic mandates, elite networks, and grassroots mobilization to reconfigure power dynamics. Through empirical analysis of Indonesian cases, we identify four mediator types: patronage mediators leverage elite networks to broker resolutions through informal politics; activism mediators mobilize grassroots resistance to counterbalance elite dominance; bridging mediators facilitate multi-stakeholder consensus while camouflaging partisan interests; and bureaucratic mediators instrumentalize formal mandates amid competing state priorities. Our findings reveal that sustainable resolutions require mediators to actively manage recursive power-knowledge exchanges, particularly in contexts where conflicts intersect legal systems, patronage networks, and competing knowledge claims. The typology provides practitioners with diagnostic tools to assess power imbalances and offers scholars a systematic approach to analyze mediation as a dynamic process of interest negotiation and structural adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 103539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Framing forest dieback since 2018 and relating forest restoration: An analysis of the direct communication of forest policy actors in Germany","authors":"Josephine Köhler, Sandra Liebal, Norbert Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have examined the preferred approaches of various actors in Germany regarding the management of degraded forests and forestry under climate change. These studies often portray forestry and nature conservation as opposing perspectives. This paper analyzes the positions of actors from both groups on current forest dieback in Germany by evaluating information on their websites. Using framing theory, the study investigates the perspectives of 27 actors, focusing on diagnostic (e.g., ‘causers’, ‘victims’) and prognostic (e.g., ‘helpers’, ‘instruments’) framing.</div><div>The results indicate that different actors frame the current forest dieback in varying ways. Consequently, this paper discusses various options for grouping actors based on their framing. We propose to categorize the actors according to their distinct framing of the identified causers of the current forest dieback and the practical instruments for addressing the damaged forest areas. Two groups can be identified. The first group comprises actors who mention both natural factors and human activities as causers in nearly equal proportions. In terms of instruments, they slightly favor passive approaches over active ones. The second group consists of actors who more frequently cite natural factors than human activities. Regarding instruments, they exclusively mention active approaches. In addition to this dichotomy, approaches involving multiple groups are also discussed. Although only a relatively small number of actors were included in the analysis, the results provide new insights into the complexity of the current discourse surrounding forest dieback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 103524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cocoa driven deforestation in Cameroon: Practices and policy","authors":"Verina Ingram , Valerie Janssen , Victorine Akenji Neh , Arun Kumar Pratihast","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cocoa production has increased in Cameroon since the 2000s, supported by policies to enhance productivity, yields, farmer incomes and state revenues. Other policies incentivize zero-deforestation production and forest protection. However cocoa farming practices cause deforestation and degradation. Scientific evidence of practice-policy interactions is lacking. Given this context we identified perceptions, farming practices and their on-ground impacts, policies and initiatives addressing deforestation and cocoa. A practice-based conceptual approach guided 67 interviews, 8 focus group discussions and remote sensing analysis of land cover and ground validation in 557 locations around Ntui. Increasing, small-scale cocoa-driven deforestation, totalling 4599 ha over the past decade was found. Maps show 64 % of observed cocoa farms as forest. Farmers do not perceive themselves as responsible, attributing deforestation to poverty, low yields, land unavailability, migration, population growth, and high land and labour prices. Apart from sustainability certification, farmers were unaware of zero-deforestation initiatives and policies. Policies appear ineffective in halting cocoa-related deforestation or increasing yields, but modestly effective in expanding production. Opportunities to reduce deforestation include yield improvement, information, law enforcement, and land planning. However productivity increases could drive further deforestation. Paradoxically, farmers perceive no trade-offs between livelihoods and forest use, contrary to other value-chain stakeholders. These results lead to recommendations for coherent forest and agricultural policies, pragmatic forest and agroforestry definitions, accurate (agro)forest mapping, and evidence-based reframing of discourses on cocoa, agriculture and forests. Incongruent perceptions, practices and policies challenge implementation of the EU Deforestation Regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 103533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelly Wallace , Hannah Brenkert-Smith , Patricia A. Champ , James R. Meldrum , Grant Webster , Christine Taniguchi , Julia B. Goolsby , Colleen Donovan , Carolyn Wagner , Christopher M. Barth , Josh Kuehn , Suzanne Wittenbrink
{"title":"Wildfire risk information sources and the acceptability of fuels treatments near select WUI communities in the Western United States","authors":"Kelly Wallace , Hannah Brenkert-Smith , Patricia A. Champ , James R. Meldrum , Grant Webster , Christine Taniguchi , Julia B. Goolsby , Colleen Donovan , Carolyn Wagner , Christopher M. Barth , Josh Kuehn , Suzanne Wittenbrink","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuels treatments intended to reduce fuel loads and improve forest health on public lands offer one way to reduce wildfire hazards in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where the natural and built environments meet. However, for fuels treatment implementation to be successful, it must comply with regulatory and scientific standards and be supported by local communities, as lack of acceptance can lead to alterations, delays, or abandonment. To foster support, public land managers can engage directly with residents in communities near treatment areas through various communication channels or engage indirectly through trusted local partners. This research uses paired household survey and observed parcel-level wildfire risk assessment data to investigate wildfire risk information sources' role in the acceptability of fuels treatment approaches on public lands near select WUI communities in the Western United States. We find that information deemed useful from sources is often positively correlated with acceptability, while information deemed not useful is sometimes negatively correlated. Local sources of information tend to be widely received, perceived as useful, and have positive correlations with acceptability, while nonlocal sources vary in their receipt, perceived usefulness, and correlations with acceptability. Public land managers, particularly those from national organizations, may benefit from leveraging and aligning messaging with trusted local partners. Developing fuels treatment plans that consider existing local sentiments may facilitate public trust in managers and acceptability of treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 103537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Buffered Area Restriction Model (BARM) for optimisation of spatially constrained forest harvest scheduling","authors":"Sandro Sacchelli , Arturo Annunziata , Matteo Lapucci","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents a modified version of Path Formulation for an Area Restriction Model (ARM). The operational research tool automatically constructs suitable buffers among forest unit boundaries to optimise harvesting scheduling in case of management constraints (i.e. maximum adjacent harvested area, green-up age, minimum level of net present value – NPV – to be obtained in different periods etc.). The objective function of the Buffered Area Restriction Model (BARM) is the maximisation of NPV. Economic analysis is developed through an open-source Geographic Information System Decision Support, <span>r.green.biomassfor</span>. The model is tested in a hypothetical forest with scenarios from 30 to 150 forest units. Outputs demonstrate improved optimisation with respect to basic formulation of ARM as well as other models presented in literature. Results show that – in the case study – NPV can reach an improvement of almost 25 % (30 % in a Toy scenario) compared to the base ARM formulation. Highly acceptable errors and resolution times are provided by BARM also in the perspectives of both scientific integration and practical applications. Strengths, weaknesses and potential future improvements of the model are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 103536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Živojinović , Jelena Nedeljković , Nenad Petrović , Dragan Nonić , Gerhard Weiss , Liviu Nichiforel
{"title":"The forest restitution process in Serbia: The role of the Serbian Orthodox Church in shaping an adapted forest governance framework","authors":"Ivana Živojinović , Jelena Nedeljković , Nenad Petrović , Dragan Nonić , Gerhard Weiss , Liviu Nichiforel","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest restitution involves returning forest land to its rightful owners or their heirs, often following nationalisation or expropriation. While previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of policies and governance mechanisms related to forest restitution in Southeastern Europe, there is limited research on how changes in ownership affect the governance and management of such returned properties. This study explores forest restitution to the Serbian Orthodox Church at both the national and local level in Serbia, with a specific focus on the Eparchy of Braničevo. In-depth expert interviews were conducted with key stakeholders, representatives from the Eparchy of Braničevo and the private company responsible for managing these church-owned forests. The results indicate that the restitution process was largely driven by the Church's significant interest in getting its forest back and its formal and informal influence, as well as the requirements associated with Serbia's EU accession process, which necessitated the initiation of this process. The restitution of forests in Serbia has prompted a shift from a centralised to an adaptive governance system and re-established the Church as the largest private forest owner in the country. This shift has impacted the forestry sector by fostering entrepreneurial growth through the emergence of private companies specialising in forest management. This was a key driver in undertaking this study as understanding these dynamics is essential for the development of forest and land-use policies that integrate the socio-economic, legal and environmental aspects of forest restitution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 103538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What does the climate crisis mean for forest work science? Urgent call for reviewing of research priorities","authors":"Siegfried Lewark , Marion Karmann","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inclement weather conditions are threatening human health and life in many parts of the world. In particular heat and cold are dangerous working conditions for outdoor work and thus objects of forest work science. Corresponding research has been done, but to a limited extent. An exacerbation of the weather-related threats has been observed, as part of the climate crisis. What does this mean for activities of forest work science? Forest work science has an obligation of support of forestry practice and help improve adequate interventions. A forest work scientist has to deal with this question, like a scientist in any other field of science, and to act accordingly. This touches his or her self-understanding. A survey of related publications shows that there is general knowledge. But there is not much research directed to the impact of climate crisis on working conditions in forest work, while studies are published for work outside forestry. There is a need for applied research that must also consider implementation of available knowledge, e.g. by certification. Integrating the findings of surrounding fields of science, from occupational medicine to rural sociology, is called for. In general, research priorities of forest work science must be reviewed and adapted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 103528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finnish forest owners' willingness to participate in result-based carbon offset schemes.","authors":"Domna Tzemi , Jussi Leppänen , Hilja Autto , Emmi Haltia","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests are vital carbon sinks, playing a key role in combating climate change by absorbing nearly one-third of global annual greenhouse gas emissions. In Finland, forests cover 75 % of the country's land area. However, there is currently no policy in place to encourage increased carbon sequestration on privately-owned forestland. This study aims to explore forest owners' preferences for results-based carbon offset schemes and their attributes, contributing to the debate on whether to compensate forest owners based on carbon sequestration. To achieve this, data on forest owners' preferences for alternative carbon offset schemes were collected through an online survey, and a choice experiment was conducted. The results revealed significant diversity among Finnish forest owners in their attitudes towards carbon offset schemes. However, compensatory carbon payments appeared to be the only attribute that would motivate respondents in all classes to participate in carbon schemes. The results of both the conditional logit (CL) model and the latent class model (LC) indicated a high preference among forest owners for the non-participation option, suggesting low willingness to accept new schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 103531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}