Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献_第4页

Cadaver clots: a systematic review of the literature. 尸体血块：文献的系统回顾。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00976-y

Biagio Solarino, Laura Ambrosi, Marcello Benevento, Davide Ferorelli, Claas Buschmann, Simona Nicolì

{"title":"Cadaver clots: a systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Biagio Solarino, Laura Ambrosi, Marcello Benevento, Davide Ferorelli, Claas Buschmann, Simona Nicolì","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00976-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00976-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cadaveric blood is ubiquitous, and observed in various forms-liquid, coagulated, and clot-like-during autopsies. Understanding its state in postmortem vessels is essential for both scientific research and forensic investigations. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PT) is a leading cause of sudden death, often requiring medicolegal evaluation. While thrombus formation is primarily explained by Virchow's triad, the distinction between antemortem, agonal, and postmortem clot (PMC) pathogenesis remains debated. This study aims to systematically review the literature to clarify the morphological and pathological differences among these entities in forensic practice. A systematic review of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using predefined key terms: \"clot,\" \"thrombus,\" \"chicken-fat,\" \"agonal,\" \"postmortem,\" and \"autopsy.\" Articles were screened for relevance, and 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The review highlights a significant gap in comparative studies addressing antemortem versus postmortem clots. The literature lacks a consensus regarding their definitions, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, pathogenesis, and relevance to determining the cause and timing of death. Existing studies present conflicting interpretations, limiting the reliability of forensic differentiation. The current understanding of antemortem, agonal, and postmortem clots remains incomplete. Our findings underscore the need for further research to establish standardized criteria for distinguishing clot types, which is crucial for forensic pathology and medicolegal evaluations.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone. 热水浸渍、再水化和软组织存在对骨骼三维几何形状的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0

Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca

{"title":"Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone.","authors":"Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In forensic medicine, maceration is often essential for examining bone surfaces, serving purposes such as identifying cut marks, making geometric measurements, and determining the victim's age. While hot water maceration removes soft tissue effectively, it is known to cause bone surface shrinkage. This raises the question of whether this effect is permanent or if it can be partially reversed through rehydration, considering the presence of soft tissue.Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the radii of 20 paired human anatomic forearm specimens. Subsequently, the radii were extracted, macerated in 60 °C water, CT-scanned in an air environment, rehydrated, re-implanted into the forearms, and CT-scanned again.Results: Maceration resulted in a mean shrinkage of 0.12 mm on the outer bone surface. This shrinkage was nearly fully recoverable for the diaphysis after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone. In contrast, the epiphysis showed permanent shrinkage, likely due to the loss of small bone fragments. Analysis of the inner bone surface indicated a smaller effect, but with significant standard deviations, especially for the epiphysis, possibly related to the less well-defined nature of the inner bone surface.Conclusion: The epiphyseal surface of hot water-macerated bone will, on average, be approximately 0.15 mm deflated and cannot retain the original surface. On the other hand, the diaphyseal surface is less affected and can be nearly completely restored after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary study of carrion insects in Greece and their attraction to three animal baits: a forensic entomology perspective. 希腊腐尸昆虫及其对三种动物诱饵吸引力的初步研究：法医昆虫学视角。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00796-6

Gabriella Dimitra Rakopoulou, Ian Robert Dadour

{"title":"A preliminary study of carrion insects in Greece and their attraction to three animal baits: a forensic entomology perspective.","authors":"Gabriella Dimitra Rakopoulou, Ian Robert Dadour","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00796-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00796-6","url":null,"abstract":"The current study provides data on the composition of the dipteran and coleopteran fauna attracted to three different animal baits (chicken stomach, beef liver, fish) in the urban ecosystem of Athens, Greece. An additional objective was to examine the effect of bait choice by the collected taxa. Three trap locations were established within the Agricultural University of Athens. At each location two different types of baited traps were used to capture and record the local dipteran and coleopteran biodiversity. During the sampling period, a total of 2416 dipteran and coleopteran specimens representing 43 species were collected and identified. The three most abundant dipteran taxa were Sarcophaga sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The results showed that the structure of the local insect community associated with the decomposition of animal baits depends on the bait used for sampling. This study reinforced the feasibility of using animal tissues as attractants to a wide diversity of medical, parasitological and forensically important taxa. Overall, beef liver attracted the most insects with Diptera preferring beef liver and Coleoptera preferring chicken stomach. Furthermore, this study revealed that baits of one animal tissue did not attract all species but in combination a much better understanding of this biodiversity was achieved. Finally, from a forensic entomology perspective this study highlights the lack of understanding of the value of entomological data related to case work in Greece.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectrophotometric evaluation of postmortem lividity: a proposal of a model for negroid ethnic race. 用分光光度法评价死后尸斑：提出一个黑种人种族模型。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00846-z

Mariagrazia Calvano, Francesco Introna, Antonio De Donno

{"title":"Spectrophotometric evaluation of postmortem lividity: a proposal of a model for negroid ethnic race.","authors":"Mariagrazia Calvano, Francesco Introna, Antonio De Donno","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00846-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00846-z","url":null,"abstract":"The interpretation of tanatochronological data is a fundamental aspect of the medico legal diagnosis, because it allows to trace back the interval of death. Traditionally, the evaluation of the hypostasis plays a relevant role in the interpretation of such information, despite its well-known limits and fallacies. In order to evaluate the degree of hypostatic area discoloration, the methodology currently used is highly subjective and influenced by several variables. The hypostasis pattern in individuals with V-VI phototype is useless because their post-mortem lividity is not estimable due to the color of the skin. This makes much harder to estimate the interval between the death and the detection of the tanatochronological data. This study is aimed at defining a highly accurate procedure to develop an objective method to estimate the hypostasis' degree of fixation with scientific accuracy on people with darker skin. The technology used is spectrophotometry Antera3D: this device is able to analyse the hypostasis by measuring the mean hemoglobin quantitative level in the skin either before and after a standardized compression, thus obtaining a numerical value that is directly related to the time of death. The method here presented allows analysing the hemoglobin amount in the skin of a dead body, without the influence of the melanin pigment in the definition of the hypostatic area color, therefore enabling us to overcome the objective limits of the direct and empiric estimation of the hypostasis decoloration. By creating a standardized method it's possible to reduce the operator-dependent error and to introduce a valid and applicable procedure in order to estimate the post-mortem interval.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"487-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial genomics: a potential toolkit for forensic investigations. 微生物基因组学：法医调查的潜在工具包。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00830-7

Pooja Tripathi, Riya Render, Sweta Nidhi, Vijay Tripathi

引用次数: 0

Stability of new psychoactive substances in crude wastewater. 粗废水中新精神活性物质的稳定性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1

Bethan Davies, Richard Paul, David Osselton, Timothy Woolley

{"title":"Stability of new psychoactive substances in crude wastewater.","authors":"Bethan Davies, Richard Paul, David Osselton, Timothy Woolley","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1","url":null,"abstract":"Those involved in drug testing continue to grapple with the dynamic nature of emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) and their rapid infiltration into society. The challenge extends beyond merely detecting and measuring NPS using analytical tools; it also encompasses the complexities arising from the formation and presence of metabolites and degradation products. This study utilises liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the stability of new psychoactive substances in wastewater. Seven NPS compounds including 25C-NBOMe, 5F-APINACA 4-hydroxyphenyl, AB-PINACA, APINACA 4-hydroxyphenyl, fentanyl, norfentanyl and MDPV, along with their corresponding internal standard, were examined. Reference material for each NPS compound was introduced into a wastewater sample from a Wessex water treatment plant. The sample was then exposed to four different environments: room temperature, refrigerator temperature, acidification to pH 2, and the introduction of sodium metabisulfite. The findings highlight the critical dependence of storage conditions on target analytes, emphasizing the paramount importance of the time elapsed between collection and analysis for NPS wastewater analysis. Notably, synthetic cannabinoids exhibit limited stability in wastewater whereas cathinone-like substances demonstrate greater stability. Furthermore, metabolites prove to be more stable in wastewater than the parent drug, suggesting that focusing on metabolite detection may be more favourable for future analysis.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of SARS-Co-V pandemic on violence against children: one institution's experience. SARS-Co-V 大流行对暴力侵害儿童行为的影响：一个机构的经验。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9

Francesco Lupariello, Lucia Tattoli, Giuliana Mattioda, Barbara Lauria, Sonia Aguzzi, Sara Simona Racalbuto, Emanuele Castagno, Claudia Bondone

{"title":"The impact of SARS-Co-V pandemic on violence against children: one institution's experience.","authors":"Francesco Lupariello, Lucia Tattoli, Giuliana Mattioda, Barbara Lauria, Sonia Aguzzi, Sara Simona Racalbuto, Emanuele Castagno, Claudia Bondone","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against children (VAC) is a global issue due to its biological, psychological, and social effects. Research in this field is valuable for understanding unknown aspects of VAC and for defining updated intervention strategies. Until now, there have been no clear indications about the possible effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on VAC. In this study, the authors compared quantitative and qualitative variables of pre-pandemic and pandemic cases evaluated at an Italian center specialized in VAC. The aims were to determine if the cases referred for VAC changed during the pandemic and if there were statistically significant differences in variables' distributions between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The referrals during the first 13 months of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were compared to cases referred over 13 months (2018-2019) to the same center. The analysis showed no statistical differences between age distributions and most qualitative variables. A decrease in the number of cases was observed. The comparison of frequency distributions of most variables between pre and post-pandemic samples did not differ. The most important result of the analysis is that the volume of observed VAC cases decreased during the pandemic period, confirming the indications of the scientific literature. It could not be excluded that the decrease was due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the child protection system. The above data could help develop innovative prevention tools and corrective intervention programs for future emergencies.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dura mater and survival time determination in individuals who died after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. 脑外伤后死亡者的硬脑膜和存活时间测定：一项初步研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3

Marcello Benevento, Antonio d'Amati, Simona Nicolì, Laura Ambrosi, Jacek Baj, Davide Ferorelli, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Solarino

{"title":"Dura mater and survival time determination in individuals who died after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study.","authors":"Marcello Benevento, Antonio d'Amati, Simona Nicolì, Laura Ambrosi, Jacek Baj, Davide Ferorelli, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Solarino","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among young people and is a matter of concern for forensic pathologists. Many authors have tried to estimate a person's survival time (ST) after TBI using different approaches.Objective: The present study aimed to present an innovative workflow to estimate the ST after TBI by observing the inflammatory reaction of the dura mater (DM).Methods: The authors collected DM samples from 36 cadavers (20 with TBI and 16 with no history or signs of TBI). Each sample was labelled via immunohistochemistry with three different primary antibodies, CD15, CD68, and CD3, yielding 108 slides in total. The slides were digitalized and analysed using QuPath software.Results: The DM is involved in the inflammatory response after TBI. CD15 immunoreactivity allowed us to distinguish between subjects who died immediately after TBI and those with an ST of minutes or hours. CD3 immunoreactivity can be used to differentiate subjects with an ST of days from those with other STs. Moreover, the DM samples showed an acceptable diagnostic yield even in samples with signs of putrefaction.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vehicle-assisted ligature decapitation - an unusual case report. 车辆辅助结扎斩首--一个不寻常的病例报告。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00744-w

Deniz Passos, Eduarda Duarte, Alexandra Andrade da Costa, Cátia Viana, Dina Almeida

引用次数: 0

Gastric ischemia as an under-reported cause of death in older people. 胃缺血是未被充分报告的老年人死亡原因。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5

Maria Paola Bonasoni, Filippo Pirani, Federica Grimaldi, Paolo Fais, Arianna Giorgetti, Susi Pelotti

{"title":"Gastric ischemia as an under-reported cause of death in older people.","authors":"Maria Paola Bonasoni, Filippo Pirani, Federica Grimaldi, Paolo Fais, Arianna Giorgetti, Susi Pelotti","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5","url":null,"abstract":"Acute gastric ischemia is a rare condition due to the rich vascular supply of the stomach. Here we present a case of fatal gastric ischemia associated with bowel ischemia, only diagnosed at autopsy, which was requested for the suspicion of medical liability. A complete post-mortem examination was conducted, along with a macroscopic analysis of the superior mesenteric artery and detailed histological analyses. Past clinical data was also reviewed. The macroscopic blackish discoloration of the stomach and the bowel, coupled with the presence of neutrophils in the mucosa and submucosal non-occlusive thrombi, were consistent with gastric and bowel ischemia, despite the presence of confounding putrefactive changes. The unique aspect of this case resides in the ante-mortem peculiar vascularization of the stomach, supplied by small collateral vessels. No mechanical occlusion was identified, and the cause of the ischemia was deemed as non-occlusive, likely due to systemic hypoperfusion. The analysis of clinical data and documentation of associated comorbidities are strongly recommended, especially when a rare cause of death is suspected. With the aging population, especially among women, and the prevalence of risk factors, the forensic pathologist could increasingly encounter rare cases of gastric ischemia.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0