Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献_第4页

Microbial genomics: a potential toolkit for forensic investigations. 微生物基因组学：法医调查的潜在工具包。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00830-7

Pooja Tripathi, Riya Render, Sweta Nidhi, Vijay Tripathi

引用次数: 0

Stability of new psychoactive substances in crude wastewater. 粗废水中新精神活性物质的稳定性。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1

Bethan Davies, Richard Paul, David Osselton, Timothy Woolley

{"title":"Stability of new psychoactive substances in crude wastewater.","authors":"Bethan Davies, Richard Paul, David Osselton, Timothy Woolley","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00860-1","url":null,"abstract":"Those involved in drug testing continue to grapple with the dynamic nature of emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) and their rapid infiltration into society. The challenge extends beyond merely detecting and measuring NPS using analytical tools; it also encompasses the complexities arising from the formation and presence of metabolites and degradation products. This study utilises liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the stability of new psychoactive substances in wastewater. Seven NPS compounds including 25C-NBOMe, 5F-APINACA 4-hydroxyphenyl, AB-PINACA, APINACA 4-hydroxyphenyl, fentanyl, norfentanyl and MDPV, along with their corresponding internal standard, were examined. Reference material for each NPS compound was introduced into a wastewater sample from a Wessex water treatment plant. The sample was then exposed to four different environments: room temperature, refrigerator temperature, acidification to pH 2, and the introduction of sodium metabisulfite. The findings highlight the critical dependence of storage conditions on target analytes, emphasizing the paramount importance of the time elapsed between collection and analysis for NPS wastewater analysis. Notably, synthetic cannabinoids exhibit limited stability in wastewater whereas cathinone-like substances demonstrate greater stability. Furthermore, metabolites prove to be more stable in wastewater than the parent drug, suggesting that focusing on metabolite detection may be more favourable for future analysis.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of SARS-Co-V pandemic on violence against children: one institution's experience. SARS-Co-V 大流行对暴力侵害儿童行为的影响：一个机构的经验。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9

Francesco Lupariello, Lucia Tattoli, Giuliana Mattioda, Barbara Lauria, Sonia Aguzzi, Sara Simona Racalbuto, Emanuele Castagno, Claudia Bondone

{"title":"The impact of SARS-Co-V pandemic on violence against children: one institution's experience.","authors":"Francesco Lupariello, Lucia Tattoli, Giuliana Mattioda, Barbara Lauria, Sonia Aguzzi, Sara Simona Racalbuto, Emanuele Castagno, Claudia Bondone","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00890-9","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against children (VAC) is a global issue due to its biological, psychological, and social effects. Research in this field is valuable for understanding unknown aspects of VAC and for defining updated intervention strategies. Until now, there have been no clear indications about the possible effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on VAC. In this study, the authors compared quantitative and qualitative variables of pre-pandemic and pandemic cases evaluated at an Italian center specialized in VAC. The aims were to determine if the cases referred for VAC changed during the pandemic and if there were statistically significant differences in variables' distributions between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The referrals during the first 13 months of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were compared to cases referred over 13 months (2018-2019) to the same center. The analysis showed no statistical differences between age distributions and most qualitative variables. A decrease in the number of cases was observed. The comparison of frequency distributions of most variables between pre and post-pandemic samples did not differ. The most important result of the analysis is that the volume of observed VAC cases decreased during the pandemic period, confirming the indications of the scientific literature. It could not be excluded that the decrease was due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the child protection system. The above data could help develop innovative prevention tools and corrective intervention programs for future emergencies.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone. 热水浸渍、再水化和软组织存在对骨骼三维几何形状的影响。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0

Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca

{"title":"Effect of hot water maceration, rehydration, and soft tissue presence on 3D geometry of bone.","authors":"Martin Bittner-Frank, Andreas Strassl, Ewald Unger, Lena Hirtler, Franz Kainberger, Reinhard Windhager, Francesco Moscato, Emir Benca","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00845-0","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In forensic medicine, maceration is often essential for examining bone surfaces, serving purposes such as identifying cut marks, making geometric measurements, and determining the victim's age. While hot water maceration removes soft tissue effectively, it is known to cause bone surface shrinkage. This raises the question of whether this effect is permanent or if it can be partially reversed through rehydration, considering the presence of soft tissue.Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the radii of 20 paired human anatomic forearm specimens. Subsequently, the radii were extracted, macerated in 60 °C water, CT-scanned in an air environment, rehydrated, re-implanted into the forearms, and CT-scanned again.Results: Maceration resulted in a mean shrinkage of 0.12 mm on the outer bone surface. This shrinkage was nearly fully recoverable for the diaphysis after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone. In contrast, the epiphysis showed permanent shrinkage, likely due to the loss of small bone fragments. Analysis of the inner bone surface indicated a smaller effect, but with significant standard deviations, especially for the epiphysis, possibly related to the less well-defined nature of the inner bone surface.Conclusion: The epiphyseal surface of hot water-macerated bone will, on average, be approximately 0.15 mm deflated and cannot retain the original surface. On the other hand, the diaphyseal surface is less affected and can be nearly completely restored after rehydration and accounting for soft tissue surrounding the bone.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dura mater and survival time determination in individuals who died after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. 脑外伤后死亡者的硬脑膜和存活时间测定：一项初步研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3

Marcello Benevento, Antonio d'Amati, Simona Nicolì, Laura Ambrosi, Jacek Baj, Davide Ferorelli, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Solarino

{"title":"Dura mater and survival time determination in individuals who died after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study.","authors":"Marcello Benevento, Antonio d'Amati, Simona Nicolì, Laura Ambrosi, Jacek Baj, Davide Ferorelli, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Solarino","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00834-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among young people and is a matter of concern for forensic pathologists. Many authors have tried to estimate a person's survival time (ST) after TBI using different approaches.Objective: The present study aimed to present an innovative workflow to estimate the ST after TBI by observing the inflammatory reaction of the dura mater (DM).Methods: The authors collected DM samples from 36 cadavers (20 with TBI and 16 with no history or signs of TBI). Each sample was labelled via immunohistochemistry with three different primary antibodies, CD15, CD68, and CD3, yielding 108 slides in total. The slides were digitalized and analysed using QuPath software.Results: The DM is involved in the inflammatory response after TBI. CD15 immunoreactivity allowed us to distinguish between subjects who died immediately after TBI and those with an ST of minutes or hours. CD3 immunoreactivity can be used to differentiate subjects with an ST of days from those with other STs. Moreover, the DM samples showed an acceptable diagnostic yield even in samples with signs of putrefaction.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vehicle-assisted ligature decapitation - an unusual case report. 车辆辅助结扎斩首--一个不寻常的病例报告。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00744-w

Deniz Passos, Eduarda Duarte, Alexandra Andrade da Costa, Cátia Viana, Dina Almeida

引用次数: 0

Gastric ischemia as an under-reported cause of death in older people. 胃缺血是未被充分报告的老年人死亡原因。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5

Maria Paola Bonasoni, Filippo Pirani, Federica Grimaldi, Paolo Fais, Arianna Giorgetti, Susi Pelotti

{"title":"Gastric ischemia as an under-reported cause of death in older people.","authors":"Maria Paola Bonasoni, Filippo Pirani, Federica Grimaldi, Paolo Fais, Arianna Giorgetti, Susi Pelotti","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00840-5","url":null,"abstract":"Acute gastric ischemia is a rare condition due to the rich vascular supply of the stomach. Here we present a case of fatal gastric ischemia associated with bowel ischemia, only diagnosed at autopsy, which was requested for the suspicion of medical liability. A complete post-mortem examination was conducted, along with a macroscopic analysis of the superior mesenteric artery and detailed histological analyses. Past clinical data was also reviewed. The macroscopic blackish discoloration of the stomach and the bowel, coupled with the presence of neutrophils in the mucosa and submucosal non-occlusive thrombi, were consistent with gastric and bowel ischemia, despite the presence of confounding putrefactive changes. The unique aspect of this case resides in the ante-mortem peculiar vascularization of the stomach, supplied by small collateral vessels. No mechanical occlusion was identified, and the cause of the ischemia was deemed as non-occlusive, likely due to systemic hypoperfusion. The analysis of clinical data and documentation of associated comorbidities are strongly recommended, especially when a rare cause of death is suspected. With the aging population, especially among women, and the prevalence of risk factors, the forensic pathologist could increasingly encounter rare cases of gastric ischemia.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A unique case of suicide by crossbow with indirect triggering and cranial injury: forensic issues and literature review. 一例独特的弩弓间接触发颅脑损伤自杀案：法医问题和文献综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00833-4

Tambuzzi Stefano, Gentile Guendalina, Primavera Riccardo, Zoja Riccardo

{"title":"A unique case of suicide by crossbow with indirect triggering and cranial injury: forensic issues and literature review.","authors":"Tambuzzi Stefano, Gentile Guendalina, Primavera Riccardo, Zoja Riccardo","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00833-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00833-4","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, crossbows are involved in some deaths, including suicides. These are rare events for which an accurate study of the body discovery site and reconstruction of the triggering mechanism of the crossbow represent crucial medicolegal elements. In this report, a unique case of suicide by crossbow is presented, in which the male victim constructed an elaborate scenario. He arranged two tripod stands to hold the crossbow at the height of his head, and a third to support a hollow tube positioned in front of the muzzle of the crossbow to direct the bolt. After positioning the center of the forehead in front of the hollow tube, the trigger was activated from a distance using a hooked metal rod. The methods used prompted a literature review on suicide by crossbow, which revealed only 14 reports from 1993 to 2023. The head and chest were the main target areas, and in almost all cases, the victims directly pulled the trigger with their finger. Only one case of indirect triggering was found, with the chest as the target. Therefore, in this scenario, the case presented stands as a unique report, due to the elaborate system devised to carry out the suicide and accurately strike the predetermined target.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of MiR-20b, MIR-197 markers for differentiation between forensic body fluids encountered in sexual assault cases. 分析 MiR-20b、MIR-197 标记，以区分性侵犯案件中遇到的法医体液。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00831-6

Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed, Noha Maher Elrewieny, Rabab Abdulmoez Amin Eltokhy, Mohamed Shokr Mohamed, Wagdy K B Khalil, Aziza B Shalby, Hoda F Booles, Heba Mohamed Aboubakr

{"title":"Analysis of MiR-20b, MIR-197 markers for differentiation between forensic body fluids encountered in sexual assault cases.","authors":"Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed, Noha Maher Elrewieny, Rabab Abdulmoez Amin Eltokhy, Mohamed Shokr Mohamed, Wagdy K B Khalil, Aziza B Shalby, Hoda F Booles, Heba Mohamed Aboubakr","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00831-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00831-6","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying body fluids can be a critical clue that aids in reconstructing the crime scene. Semen and vaginal fluid identification is crucial, especially in cases of sexual assault. The majority of forensic studies focused on identifying normal body fluids and neglected the expression variation of semen in pathology. To differentiate between vaginal fluids, fertile and infertile semen samples (oligospermia and azoospermia) using miR 20b and miR197. A total of 48 body fluid samples, divided as 16 vaginal fluids, 16 fertile semen, and 16 infertile semen samples (8 with oligospermia and 8 with azoospermia), were collected, and the expression levels of miR-20b and miR-197 were detected by the SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR technique. Our results showed significant different expression of these miRNAs in normal semen compared to vaginal and infertile semen. Moreover, we designed a model based on Fisher's discriminant function to forecast the group affiliations of unidentified samples. With three novel equations, we were able to accurately distinguish between semen and vaginal fluid, fertile and infertile semen, and oligospermia and azoospermia semen samples with validation accuracy of 81.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. MiR-20b and miR-197 expression levels are efficient and appropriate markers to distinguish semen from vaginal fluid and to differentiate between fertile and infertile semen samples. However, the present study is a preliminary study based on clinical samples, and the potential role of these markers in differentiating real crime scene samples is still unknown, so we recommend further research to investigate these markers expression while using forensic samples.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of the postmortem interval from histological changes in the lingual tissue: Need for further exploration. 根据舌组织的组织学变化估算死后间隔时间：需要进一步探讨。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00773-5

Pulagura Siva Sai Kumar, Vikas Meshram, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan

引用次数: 0