Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献_第3页

The under-recognition and significance of frailty syndrome - a geriatric and forensic conundrum. 对虚弱综合征认识不足及其意义--老年医学和法医学的难题。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00900-w

Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Hereditary thrombophilia as a possible risk factor for severe disease in COVID-19: a case series. 遗传性血栓性疾病可能是 COVID-19 严重疾病的危险因素：病例系列。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00879-4

Jonathan Tse, Julita Gongolli, Joseph A Prahlow

{"title":"Hereditary thrombophilia as a possible risk factor for severe disease in COVID-19: a case series.","authors":"Jonathan Tse, Julita Gongolli, Joseph A Prahlow","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00879-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00879-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The risk factors that modulate one's susceptibility for severe COVID-19 have been well documented. Despite this, hypercoagulability remains an often overlooked risk factor for severe disease for COVID-19. Because COVID-19 infection is a risk factor for hypercoagulability, a reasonable presumption/hypothesis is that patients with hereditary thrombophilia would be at a higher risk of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19 infection.Methods: This case report details two cases where previously unknown hereditary thrombophilias likely contributed to the mortality of COVID-19 patients.Results: The first COVID-19 patient's cause of death was pulmonary thromboemboli from deep vein thrombosis due to heterozygous MTHFR C667T and heterozygous PAI-1 4G/5G mutations. The second COVID-19 patient's cause of death was an acute myocardial infarct due to a coronary artery thrombosis in the setting of heterozygous MTHFR A1298C and homozygous PAI-1 4G/5G mutations. In each case, COVID-19 infection was also considered contributory to death.Conclusion: The occurrence of these fatal thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients with hereditary thrombophilias raises questions as to whether this combination of thrombotic risk factors for hypercoagulability may have placed patients at a significant enough risk to experience these fatal thrombotic complications. Thus, while not sufficient alone to prove that SARS-CoV-2 patients with hereditary thrombophilias are at increased risk for thrombotic complications, these two cases indicate that further investigation is warranted into elucidating the relationship between thrombotic risk factors as it may identify an additional high-risk medical condition for COVID-19 and have important diagnostic and therapeutic ramifications.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142344648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postmortem CT and autopsy findings in an elevator-related death: a case report. 与电梯有关的死亡病例报告：死后 CT 和尸检结果。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00896-3

Giovanni Aulino, Michele Rega, Vittoria Rossi, Massimo Zedda, Antonio Oliva

{"title":"Postmortem CT and autopsy findings in an elevator-related death: a case report.","authors":"Giovanni Aulino, Michele Rega, Vittoria Rossi, Massimo Zedda, Antonio Oliva","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00896-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00896-3","url":null,"abstract":"Elevator-related fatalities and injuries are rarely discussed. Falls have been identified as the first cause of mortality in the majority of these accidents. Evidence suggests that many elevator accidents may be attributed to inadequate equipment maintenance or malfunctions of the devices. This study examines a case involving an elevator maintenance worker found within an elevator shaft, using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) along with a full autopsy. The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was severe polytrauma resulting from dragging, compression, and crushing mechanisms, which resulted in a dislocated skull and multiple thoraco-abdominal injuries, including exposed organs and viscera. Detailed examination identified a cranio-encephalic crush, leading to a significant alteration in the physiognomy of the facial structures. Additionally, PMCT revealed complex spinal fractures, such as a Jefferson fracture and a complete Chance fracture at the D6 vertebra, accompanied by spinal deviation proximal to the fracture site. Autopsy findings corroborated these PMCT results. A multidisciplinary approach, including PMCT, is proposed as a strategic method for the comprehensive reconstruction of such accidents, facilitating the collection of extensive data.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142283133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal exulceratio simplex (dieulafoy lesion) - a case report and review. 致命的单纯性溃疡（dieulafoy 病变）--病例报告和综述。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00895-4

Luzern Tan, John D Gilbert, Roger W Byard

引用次数: 0

Lidocaine toxicity in infant circumcision and the role of lipid emulsion. 婴儿包皮环切术中的利多卡因毒性和脂质乳剂的作用。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00894-5

Russell K McAllister,Jeramie B Hanson

引用次数: 0

Distinguishing injury patterns in fatal falls from heights versus pedestrian impacts: an autopsy study for differential diagnosis in ambiguous cases 区分高处坠落致命伤与行人撞击致命伤的伤害模式：一项对模糊病例进行鉴别诊断的尸检研究

IF 1.8 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00888-3

Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Roberta Marinelli, Francesca Cazzato, Giorgia Piizzi, Federico Piselli, Giulia Ceccobelli, Gabriele Giuga, Raimondo Vella, Naomi Romaniello, Antonio Oliva, Gian Luca Marella

{"title":"Distinguishing injury patterns in fatal falls from heights versus pedestrian impacts: an autopsy study for differential diagnosis in ambiguous cases","authors":"Alessandro Mauro Tavone, Roberta Marinelli, Francesca Cazzato, Giorgia Piizzi, Federico Piselli, Giulia Ceccobelli, Gabriele Giuga, Raimondo Vella, Naomi Romaniello, Antonio Oliva, Gian Luca Marella","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00888-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00888-3","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the injury patterns associated with fatal falls from heights compared to individuals struck by cars, aiming to enhance the differential diagnosis in ambiguous cases, where it is unclear whether the body fell from nearby building or was left on the street following a road traffic incident. A retrospective review of comprehensive forensic reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” between 2012 and 2023 was conducted. The analysis included 232 cases, gathering data on internal organ injuries, skeletal fractures, external skin injuries, as well as pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions. Bilateral lung injuries were significantly more common in falls from height (33.3%) compared to pedestrians (13.6%, p < 0.001). Liver injuries also occurred more frequently in fall victims (49.6%) than in pedestrians (28.2%, p < 0.001). Skull fractures were more frequent in falls from height (68.2%) versus individuals struck by cars (55.3%, p = 0.044), while unilateral leg fractures were more common in pedestrians (28.2%) compared to fall victims (16.3%, p = 0.029). External injuries, notably to the head and legs, were more frequent in pedestrians. The “Total Injured Skin Area” analysis revealed a significant discriminative power with an optimal cut-off of 84.2 cm², suggesting that injuries exceeding this threshold may be indicative of a pedestrian road fatality.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calcium chloride poisoning: an autopsy case report and histologic features. 氯化钙中毒：尸检病例报告和组织学特征。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00891-8

Harin Cheong

引用次数: 0

Demographic, co-intoxicants and other characteristics of citalopram-involved overdose deaths. 与西酞普兰有关的用药过量死亡病例的人口统计学特征、共毒物特征和其他特征。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00885-6

José E Muñoz, Marie A Abate, Zheng Dai, Gordon S Smith, James C Kraner, Allen R Mock

{"title":"Demographic, co-intoxicants and other characteristics of citalopram-involved overdose deaths.","authors":"José E Muñoz, Marie A Abate, Zheng Dai, Gordon S Smith, James C Kraner, Allen R Mock","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00885-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00885-6","url":null,"abstract":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) including citalopram are commonly used antidepressants that can be involved in drug-related deaths along with opioids and other substances. This study characterized citalopram involvement in West Virginia (WV) drug-related deaths compared to other SSRI and non-SSRI-related deaths. All 2005-2021 WV drug-related deaths were analyzed in this retrospective study. Demographics, other substances involved, and comorbidities in cases in which citalopram was listed on the death certificate were compared to other SSRI-related and total non-SSRI deaths. Citalopram concentrations and the association between citalopram presence with predicted fentanyl concentrations were determined. Citalopram was the most common antidepressant present in the deaths (4.5% of 14,363 total), with most (81%) unintentional. Male: female ratios in citalopram cases (0.9:1) were significantly lower than in non-SSRI deaths (2.3:1). Almost two-thirds of citalopram deaths had ≥ 4 substances involved compared to 26% of non-SSRI deaths. Overall, oxycodone was most frequently identified in citalopram deaths (fentanyl more commonly in recent years), followed by alprazolam and diazepam. Cardiovascular comorbidity was significantly more common in citalopram than non-SSRI deaths. No association was found between citalopram presence and predicted fentanyl concentrations. Most citalopram-related deaths were unintentional and involved proportionately more females, with larger numbers of concurrent substances present and more cardiovascular comorbidity compared to non-SSRI deaths. Citalopram is widely used and less toxic than many antidepressants. The extent to which it contributed to overdose deaths can be difficult to ascertain given the multiple substances usually present.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of substance use in clinical forensic cases: urine analysis of victims and perpetrators. 在临床法医案例中检测药物使用情况：对受害者和施暴者的尿液分析。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00873-w

Pia Johansson Heinsvig, Katinka Rønnow Holler, Christian Lindholst, Trine Skov Nielsen

{"title":"Detection of substance use in clinical forensic cases: urine analysis of victims and perpetrators.","authors":"Pia Johansson Heinsvig, Katinka Rønnow Holler, Christian Lindholst, Trine Skov Nielsen","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00873-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00873-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the prevalence of substance use among victims and perpetrators involved in clinical forensic cases. Urine samples from 455 individuals aged 18 and above, collected in 2019, were analyzed using two LC-MS-based analytical methods and an HS-GC-FID method for the most frequently reported substances of abuse and medication. Data from case documents, encompassing gender, age, and the individual's role, were recorded in a database. Both the urine samples and the information from case documents were fully anonymized. The most frequently detected substance was alcohol (37% of all cases), followed by cannabis (22% of all cases) and central nervous system stimulants (24% of all cases). Other classes of substances detected included benzodiazepines, anabolic steroids, antipsychotic agents, and antidepressants. No drugs or alcohol were detected in 32% of the victims and 19% of the perpetrators. The study also examines the interrelationship of drug patterns between victims and perpetrators, and results show that both parties were influenced by substances at the time of the incident. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the use of substances between perpetrators of blunt and sharp force cases and perpetrators in cases of sexual assault. Timely sample collection and a structured toxicological analysis of both victims and perpetrators in the same case are vital in clinical forensic cases to enhance comprehension of the connection between criminal activities and substance use. This understanding enables the development of prevention strategies at an informed level.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fatal poisoning due to consumption of crushed Abrus precatorius seeds: an autopsy case report. 食用碾碎的 Abrus precatorius 种子导致的致命中毒：尸检病例报告。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00880-x

Sathish Ayyappan, Ashok N, Aswini Nivedida Jayakumar, Sreerekha Jinkala

{"title":"A fatal poisoning due to consumption of crushed Abrus precatorius seeds: an autopsy case report.","authors":"Sathish Ayyappan, Ashok N, Aswini Nivedida Jayakumar, Sreerekha Jinkala","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00880-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00880-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abrus precatorius is an ornamental plant that belongs to the Leguminoceae family. It contains toxalbumin, named abrin, in all of its parts. However, the seeds are more toxic when consumed in crushed form. Deaths due to abrus seed poisoning are rare. We are reporting a case of suicidal ingestion of crushed abrus precatorius seeds by a 37-year-old female. She presented to the hospital with complaints of multiple episodes of vomiting and diarrhea. She was resuscitated with fluid boluses, followed by a stomach wash and activated charcoal, and referred to our tertiary hospital, where she presented with giddiness, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and epigastric tenderness. On subsequent days, she developed altered sensorium, renal failure, and electrolyte imbalance. She was managed conservatively. Blood investigation revealed elevated leucocyte count, increased urea and creatinine levels, and elevated liver enzymes. She died five days after ingesting the seeds. On autopsy examination, the brain and lungs were congested and edematous. The peritoneal cavity contained around 500mL of straw-colored fluid. Petechial hemorrhages were present over the lungs, heart, and liver surfaces. The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract was hemorrhagic, the liver showed steatosis, and the kidneys showed congestion and obscuration of the corticomedullary junction. Histopathologically, the lungs showed mild congestion with alveolar edema, the liver showed necrosis with steatosis, and the kidney showed acute tubular necrosis. The toxicology screening was positive for abrin. This case highlights not only the rare fatality following abrus precatorius poisoning but also the toxic nature of this plant.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0