Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Regarding \"A singular case of complex suicide by hanging with hesitation marks by axe\".","authors":"Aleksa Leković, Slobodan Nikolić","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00993-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00993-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new robust AI/ML based model for accurate forensic age estimation using DNA methylation markers.","authors":"Jinsu Ann Mathew, Geetha Paul, Joe Jacob, Janesh Kumar, Neelima Dubey, Ninan Sajeeth Philip","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00985-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00985-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CpG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the 5' → 3' direction. Epigenetic markers based on methylation values at CpG sites are valuable for accurate age prediction and have become essential in forensic science, supporting criminal investigations and human identification. The present study identified 12 CpG sites from a collection of 476,366 CpG sites based on the following criteria: (a) CpG sites were retained if the Pearson correlation coefficient between the methylation values and the chronological age of the individual is greater than 0.85, and (b) if the mutual correlation coefficient between a pair of selected CpG sites is greater than 0.15, only one of them is retained. The identified CpG sites are associated with genes FHL2, ELOVL2, TRIM59, PCDHB1, KLF14, C1orf132, ACSS3, and CCDC102B. To ensure that the predictive accuracy is intrinsic to the selected CpG sites and not model dependent, the identified CpG sites were passed to three different Neural network models. All models achieved comparable accuracy across diverse populations, genders, and health conditions. The model's accuracy and reliability were validated through age predictions on independent datasets. By utilizing a minimal set of CpG sites, this approach offers a robust and efficient solution for forensic age estimation, significantly enhancing the precision and reliability of forensic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) compared with non-DFSA - a systematic review.","authors":"Marina Rasmussen, Johannes Rødbro Busch, Mikkel Jon Henningsen, Jytte Banner","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00953-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Criminological and interpersonal covariates are different in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) and sexual assault in general. These observations are based on retrospective survey-only data from victims who were not examined clinically in the acute setting.  This study aims to review the current literature reporting data specifically on clinically examined victims of suspected DFSA and associated interpersonal and criminological covariates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we searched PubMed/Medline and Embase for studies on DFSA reporting interpersonal or criminological covariates in victims older than 15 years and clinically examined within seven days of assault. Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. Meta-analysis was not possible due to different definitions of DFSA in the included studies.  RESULTS: The search yielded 1,350 hits. Thirty-one observational studies, case-control studies, and descriptive studies were included for a total of 14,727 observations. Twenty-two studies reported DFSA as a covariate in other research contexts. The most reported covariates were age, sex, and injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The published data are sparse, varying, and often reported as secondary outcomes or epidemiological data. The varying definitions of DFSA preclude meta-analysis and hinder efforts to help victims of DFSA. An internationally agreed-upon consensus definition of DFSA should be established to overcome this challenge.  More knowledge regarding DFSA is necessary to investigate if DFSA victims experience different barriers to seeking both medical and judicial help than SA victims in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of fictitious disorder by proxy in a sibling by administration of anti-vitamin K in an 8-year-old child.","authors":"Cindy Verney, Alice Matheux, Philippe Savard, Emmanuel De Maistre, Joseph Berthier, Bruno Begue, Pascal Guerard, Caroline Rey-Salmon, Sylvie Bernardini, Mélanie Loiseau","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00974-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00974-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fictitious disorder by proxy (FDP) is characterized by an adult, often a parent, alleging or fabricating symptoms in a child to induce repeated diagnostic tests or treatments. This form of abuse is particularly serious and difficult to diagnose. Worldwide, it is estimated that 0.5 to 1.2 per 100,000 children are abused in this way every year. We report the case of FDP in an 8-year-old child who presented with coagulation disorders secondary to the unknowing administration of Acenocoumarin. His parents had requested seven medical consultations over a six-month period. The parents systematically reported a coagulation pathology (factor VII deficiency), prompting further investigations and treatment. Biological tests showed deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, raising suspicion of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) use. Toxicological tests revealed the presence of Acenocoumarin in the child's blood three times, at levels of 0.15 mg/L; 0.06 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L. The biological abnormalities corrected spontaneously after the child was hospitalized. A family investigation led to the diagnosis of medical child abuse in the child's older sister, who presented bleeding. The severity and recurrence of this syndrome correlated with the role that caregivers play in this type of abuse deserves our full attention to prevent and manage it as effectively as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory- the unseen realm in a firing event: a novel and scientific approach in the identification of optimal recovery zones for gunshot residue micro traces.","authors":"Sreelakshmi Krishna, Pooja Ahuja","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00980-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00980-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gunshot residue (GSR) particles, generated during firearm discharge, disperse in the surrounding environment according to physical laws governing the motion of particles. This study analyzes GSR distribution from 9 × 19 mm ammunition along the trajectory with a fixed target. GSR particle count follows a bell-shaped distribution, influenced by velocity, temperature, and burn rate. Understanding this pattern aids in modeling GSR dispersion based on muzzle-to-target distance, improving forensic analysis of shooting incidents. The kinematic behavior of GSR particles observed in this study facilitated the identification of the region exhibiting the highest deposition. The peak particle deposition was detected along the projectile trajectory, specifically at 100-130 cm from the muzzle end, in the direction of fire. This facilitated the identification of the distance at which the probability of obtaining maximum GSR particles is possible. This aids forensic investigations, providing insights into the trajectory, and identifying the potential region of maximum GSR deposition. A significant influence of distance on the number of GSR particle deposition was observed in the study. The study highlights the necessity of GSR collection along the trajectory, where retrieval probability is higher than at the muzzle or target. A methodology using the Trasoscan Laboratory Imaging System (TLIS) for GSR detection and counting is proposed. TLIS demonstrates potential as a primary imaging tool, with analytical data represented as particle frequency in the shooting vicinity. SEM analysis reveals significant deviations in GSR size distribution across muzzle, trajectory, and target, enhancing accuracy by identifying GSR-dense areas for more precise forensic conclusions. The largest GSR particles were recovered from the target distance (470-500 cm), suggesting surface modifications upon impact, which can be instrumental in estimating the shooting distance. The proposed approach could be implemented in current analytical pipelines or caseworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death due to positional asphyxia related to underlying seizure disorder.","authors":"Garlen Yu, Joseph A Prahlow","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00973-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00973-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positional asphyxia occurs when a victim fails to remove themself from a compromising position, leading to the restriction of respiration with subsequent death. Many cases involve an inverted body position with or without abnormal kinking of the neck. Victims are typically unable to recover from dangerous situations due to impaired consciousness. Furthermore, positional asphyxia is often accidental, stemming from conditions such as intoxication and varying neurologic disorders. We report a unique case of a death of a college student due to positional asphyxia related to an underlying seizure disorder to highlight the significant dangers that individuals face with seizure disorders, including sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP).</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing coronary artery dissection using virtual autopsy in a resource-poor setting- a case report.","authors":"Chathula Ushari Wickramasinghe, Murugupillai Sivasubramanium, Sameera Gunasekara, Gayan Kumarasinghe, Saman Chandradasa","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00967-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00967-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of technology has significantly impacted the evolution of autopsy techniques worldwide. Initially described by Richard Dirnhofer, the concept of \"Virtual Autopsy (VA)\" or \"Virtopsy\" involves combining innovative technology with Conventional Autopsy (CA). This has permitted a non-/minimally invasive approach to postmortem examinations.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 65-year-old male, a known patient with ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, who had defaulted treatment, was found dead at home. The body was brought to the National Hospital Kandy for post-mortem examination. The internal dissection revealed a haemopericardium of 50 ml. Bleeding into the epicardial tissue throughout the course of the circumflex artery was noted. With the suspicion of coronary artery aneurysm rupture/dissection, ex-situ contrast-enhanced radiography was done on the heart to identify the point of bleeding. This was done by cannulating the left coronary ostia, through which a contrast dye was injected and X-ray images taken. With the assistance of the radiographs combined with careful dissection and histology, circumflex artery dissection and the rupture site were identified more accurately.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VA has many uses, as an adjunct to CA to accentuate the findings of CA and enable targeted system-specific CA. Based on various factors such as the availability of technology, expertise, and post-mortem rate, the use of VA should be customized to each country to obtain the maximum benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deaths in Mountains.","authors":"Roger W Byard","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00965-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00965-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Even if a genetic autopsy reveals a pathogenic variant, this should not prevent forensic experts from looking for other causes.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00977-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00977-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Rhodococcus erythropolis endocarditis complicated by an abscess invading the atrioventricular node: a case report.","authors":"Yuhao Yuan, Longda Ma, Yue Liang, Shuquan Zhao, Qing Shi, Zhonghao Yu, Yiwu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00972-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00972-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infective endocarditis (IE) and myocardial abscesses caused by Rhodococcus erythropolis are rare clinical manifestations in healthy individuals. We report the autopsy of a 43-year-old male who suffered from IE caused by R. erythropolis infection and died of an atrioventricular node abscess, arrhythmia, and heart failure. This case indicates that the possibility of infection affecting the cardiac conduction system should be considered in arrhythmia-related IE cases. Our findings suggest that clinicians should consider the possibility of R. erythropolis infection in arrhythmia cases associated with IE.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}