Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献

Blunt force vs. fall-induced head trauma: a systematic review and methodological framework. 钝力与跌落引起的头部创伤：系统回顾和方法框架。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01090-9

Simona Calabrese, Beatrice Spadaro, Alessandro Nicolosi, Giorgia Burrascano, Alessio Asmundo, Gennaro Baldino, Elvira Ventura Spagnolo

{"title":"Blunt force vs. fall-induced head trauma: a systematic review and methodological framework.","authors":"Simona Calabrese, Beatrice Spadaro, Alessandro Nicolosi, Giorgia Burrascano, Alessio Asmundo, Gennaro Baldino, Elvira Ventura Spagnolo","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01090-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01090-9","url":null,"abstract":"Blunt force trauma evaluation is a challenging topic in forensic investigations, frequently associated with violent assaults, homicides, and accidental falls. Distinguishing between injuries caused by direct blows and those resulting from falls is essential for accurate medico-legal assessments. Commonly applied forensic analytical methods demonstrate limitations, necessitating a more comprehensive assessment approach. In this paper a systematic review using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases has been performed. This systematic review explores forensic methodologies for distinguishing between different trauma mechanisms by analyzing injury patterns, fracture characteristics, and advancements in technology. The objective is to evaluate the forensic techniques most commonly utilized by researchers to differentiate between blunt head trauma and fall-related injuries while also establishing a structured approach for the thorough investigation of these complex cases. Recent forensic advancements, including micro-computed tomography (µCT), Finite Element Modeling (FEM), and 3D reconstruction, enhance trauma analysis by providing detailed insights into injury mechanisms. These technologies, combined with imaging modalities such as CT scans and biomechanical modeling, improve forensic accuracy in differentiating trauma etiologies. Conclusion. This review underscores the importance of integrating multiple forensic tools to refine investigative procedures and establish standardized approaches for analyzing complex trauma cases. In addition, a proposal for a schematic flow chart summarizing the post-mortem activities that can be performed in forensic practice, which can be adapted in relation to each case, has been created.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering whole organ retention in forensic autopsies: toward global harmonization of brain and heart sampling protocols. 重新考虑法医尸检中的整个器官保留：迈向大脑和心脏采样协议的全球统一。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01104-6

M Vijayasimha

引用次数: 0

Fatal hemothorax following complicated VV-ECMO cannulation in an anticoagulated patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. 重症COVID-19肺炎抗凝患者并发VV-ECMO插管致死性血胸1例

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01095-4

Homare Kaga, Shutaro Nagano, Yohsuke Makino, Koichi Uemura, Kana Unuma

{"title":"Fatal hemothorax following complicated VV-ECMO cannulation in an anticoagulated patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.","authors":"Homare Kaga, Shutaro Nagano, Yohsuke Makino, Koichi Uemura, Kana Unuma","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01095-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01095-4","url":null,"abstract":"Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a lifesaving procedure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. COVID-19 infection is a risk factor for the development of coagulopathy and anticoagulant treatment is recommended. Moreover, anticoagulant therapy is often used to prevent circulatory coagulopathy during ECMO therapy. A man on dual antiplatelet therapy was hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and treated with standard therapy. Apixaban was administered for a suspected coagulopathy. His medical condition deteriorated, and ECMO therapy was initiated for life support. During cannulation of a return cannula in the right internal jugular vein (RIJV), the guidewire became malpositioned. The patient developed acute onset of hypotension and bradycardia, which progressed to cardiac arrest. Ultrasonography identified a right hemothorax, and a chest tube was inserted. The patient died despite attempts at resuscitation. Postmortem computed tomography showed a large hemothorax and a guidewire penetrating the RIJV into the right pleural cavity. An autopsy was performed two days post-mortem. The autopsy found an injured RIJV, a hematoma around it, and a hemothorax. Histology of the lung revealed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, consistent with ARDS. The direct cause of death was hemorrhagic shock and respiratory failure due to a large hemothorax resulting from perforation of the RIJV during VV-ECMO catheter insertion. This case highlights the necessity of a safety protocol during ECMO insertion and assessment of bleeding risk in patients with COVID-19 receiving anticoagulant therapy.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keyhole lesion caused by a fatal self inflicted headshot with a modified flare gun. 钥匙孔损伤是被改装过的信号枪爆头造成的。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01102-8

Balázs Varga, Panna Jámbor-Hegedüs, Zsófia Almádi, János Bokor

{"title":"Keyhole lesion caused by a fatal self inflicted headshot with a modified flare gun.","authors":"Balázs Varga, Panna Jámbor-Hegedüs, Zsófia Almádi, János Bokor","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01102-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01102-8","url":null,"abstract":"In the following case report, we discuss the scene examination and autopsy results of an 86-year-old man who committed suicide in his closed garage by shooting himself in the head with a modified flare gun while seated in the passenger seat of his car. During the external examination of the autopsy an atypical injury on the scalp and skull showed the characteristics of both an entry and exit wound simultaneously, consistent with the phenomenon of a keyhole fracture. There are differing forensic interpretations regarding the mechanism of this fracture. One possible explanation is that it forms because of a tangential gunshot. In such cases, the kinetic energy of the bullet is transmitted to the bone surface at an oblique angle, combined with the pressure wave simultaneously affecting the calvaria and intracranial space, and secondary projectiles (bone fragments) contribute to the characteristics of this special injury as well. Other authors state that a keyhole fracture can also occur when the bullet strikes the bone perpendicularly. In our case, by comparing the findings from the scene investigation and the autopsy, it was determined that the keyhole fracture was a result of a tangentially directed shot. Moreover, considering the suicidal intent, the injury was found at an atypical location - the occipital part of the skull. Given the highly atypical injury location, injury pattern and firearm, we hope that the present case study will be of assistance to colleagues in the forensic evaluation of similar atypical gunshot injuries.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging chatgpt' s advanced data analysis for forensic science research and applications. 利用chatgpt先进的数据分析法医科学研究和应用。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01100-w

Jian Li, Shu-Rui Zhang, Yu Gao, Qiu-Xiang Du, Jie Cao, Jun-Hong Sun

{"title":"Leveraging chatgpt' s advanced data analysis for forensic science research and applications.","authors":"Jian Li, Shu-Rui Zhang, Yu Gao, Qiu-Xiang Du, Jie Cao, Jun-Hong Sun","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01100-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01100-w","url":null,"abstract":"The predictive capability of machine learning plays a crucial role in aiding forensic practitioners in decision-making regarding opinions. However, the intricate specialization and complexity involved in developing machine learning models impede their comprehensive utilization within forensic science research and practical identification. The utilisation of Advanced Data Analysis (ADA) tools based on the ChatGPT-4 provides strategies to address this challenge by simplifying the machine learning process. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of autonomously machine learning models for ADA in diverse tasks by providing ADA with an array of data types, with postmortem interval (PMI), injury time, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) serving as illustrative examples. ChatGPT ADA is capable of autonomously conducting data standardization and selecting the optimal machine learning model based on the raw data. A comparison of the prediction results of ADA with those generated by machine learning models developed by professional data analysts revealed that ADA demonstrated robust predictive performance across diverse datasets. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed in the evaluation metrics across the models when compared to those constructed by data analysts. In conclusion, for the forensic field with a greater number of applications, ChatGPT ADA simplifies the intricate construction process of machine learning and offers a prospective instrument for the comprehensive implementation of machine learning in forensic research and practice by emulating human discourse. However, ADA should not supplant researchers but rather serve as a supplementary tool for research, avoiding its misuse as an \"all in\" predatory analysis instrument.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reanalyzing DNA mixture: a evaluation of EuroForMix for deconvolution and weight-of-evidence computing. 重新分析DNA混合物：对EuroForMix的反卷积和证据权计算的评价。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00872-x

Aline Costa Minervino, Cristina Moniz de Aragão Gualda, Bruno Rodrigues Trindade, Carlos Eduardo Martinez de Medeiros, Ronaldo Carneiro da Silva Júnior

{"title":"Reanalyzing DNA mixture: a evaluation of EuroForMix for deconvolution and weight-of-evidence computing.","authors":"Aline Costa Minervino, Cristina Moniz de Aragão Gualda, Bruno Rodrigues Trindade, Carlos Eduardo Martinez de Medeiros, Ronaldo Carneiro da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00872-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-024-00872-x","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic genetics faces significant challenges in the evolving landscape of DNA mixture analysis. This paper highlights the complexities associated with stochastic effects and artifacts in degraded or low-quantity samples and explores the primary objectives of DNA mixture analysis, namely deconvolution and weight of evidence quantification. The study examines the efficacy of the software tool EuroForMix (EFM) in interpreting complex mixtures. Genetic profiles from two forensic cases processed in 2022 by the Brazilian National Institute of Criminalistics' DNA Forensic Laboratory were reanalyzed using EFM v.3.4.0, focusing on deconvoluting DNA mixtures and quantifying the weight of evidence. Results were compared with previous analyses conducted using a laboratory-validated spreadsheet, LRmix Studio (for computing LR), and GeneMapperTM ID-X (for deconvoluting mixtures). EFM demonstrated high efficiency in both deconvolution and weight-of-evidence quantification, showing improved LR values for various profiles compared to previous analyses. In the reanalyzed cases, weight of evidence calculations using EFM produced values comparable to those obtained with the laboratory-validated spreadsheet and superior LR values compared to LRmix Studio. The comparison of deconvoluted profiles using EFM and GeneMapperTM ID-X revealed mostly consistent results for the major contributor genotype, with EFM yielding equal or better outcomes in most profiles. Thus, EFM shows potential as a tool for DNA mixture analysis, including both LR computation and deconvolution. Despite these encouraging results, it is recommended that each forensic laboratory develop DNA mixture interpretation protocols that consider internal validation.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permeation of metallic gunshot residues in a commercial gun cleaning solvent through a disposable nitrile glove. 金属枪弹残留物通过一次性丁腈手套在商用枪清洗溶剂中渗透。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01077-6

Travis Cribbs, Shane Que Hee

{"title":"Permeation of metallic gunshot residues in a commercial gun cleaning solvent through a disposable nitrile glove.","authors":"Travis Cribbs, Shane Que Hee","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01077-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01077-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Gunshot residue (GSR) accumulates in firearms and must be removed mechanically and with gun cleaning solvent (GCS). There are no peer review journal publications on what gloves might be resistant to GSR being cleaned with a GCS. The aim was to fill the data gap. Methods. A Kimtech Science Blue disposable nitrile glove was challenged in triplicate by dissolved GSR of diameters less than 125 micrometers in a popular GCS with permeates collected in n-decane at 35 °C in a ASTM F739-20 glass permeation cell with no collection side recirculation. Samples from the collection and challenger sides and permeated glove pieces were analyzed for metals by solvent evaporation, concentrated acid digestion and then inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results. Lead, copper and barium GSR compounds permeated between 240 min and 480 min, also being detected within the permeated glove material. The GSR concentrations in mg/g were lead 86.8 ± 0.2, copper 96.4 ± 0.2, and barium 0.622 ± 0.012. Conclusion. A practical and inexpensive method to resist the toxic elements in GSR in a popular GCS for at least 4 hours was to wear a disposable Kimtech Science Blue nitrile glove of average thickness 143-148 µm. More gloves, GCS and GSR should be tested.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comment on "forensic implication of zinc sulfide and zinc sulfide nanoparticles toxicity on muscle histopathology and postmortem changes in rats". 对“硫化锌和硫化锌纳米颗粒毒性对大鼠肌肉组织病理学和死后变化的法医意义”的评论。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01093-6

Sai Charan Labishetty, Nagula Dinesh Kumar, Krishna Reddy Vajrala

引用次数: 0

Postmortem interval estimation based on protein analysis and marker studies in different organs in vivo. 基于体内不同器官的蛋白质分析和标记研究的死后间隔估计。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01085-6

Abdullah M K Albloshi, Mohamed F El-Refaei, Eman A A Abdallah

{"title":"Postmortem interval estimation based on protein analysis and marker studies in different organs in vivo.","authors":"Abdullah M K Albloshi, Mohamed F El-Refaei, Eman A A Abdallah","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-01085-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-01085-6","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is a crucial aspect of forensic death-related investigations. However, determining the time of death remains one of the biggest challenges in forensic medicine. This study aims to assess the potential of protein analysis as a vital tool and histopathological examination to evaluate the PMI. Fifty male rats were randomly distributed into five groups of 10. These rats were kept at room temperature (22 °C) with a relative humidity of 15% during the period between the time of death and organ removal. The kidneys and Livers were extracted at 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hour intervals. The β-catenin immunohistochemical analysis showed no immunoreactivity in either organ at 0 h, which increased to severe immunoreactivity at 96 h after death. Additionally, flow cytometry demonstrated a decline in liver and kidney Bcl-2 expression at 96 h, at 17.5% and 12.8%, respectively, as the postmortem period increased. Moreover, a histopathological examination of the Liver and kidney showed progressively greater degradation over time as the PMI increased, resulting in the loss of normal Liver and kidney architecture at 96 h. These findings suggest the potential use of specific proteins' autolytic alterations as definite diagnostic parameters for the PMI. Autolytic processes have a delayed onset and show a significant increase in progression rate at each time interval. Different organs suffer different rates of autolysis in correlation to their structure and enzymatic content. Further studies are required to evaluate the definite roles of β-catenin and Bcl-2 expression as predictive tools for future applications in humans based on extensive experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comment on "modified demirjian's method for dental age estimation in kosovar children and adolescents". 对“科索沃儿童和青少年牙龄估计的改进demirjian方法”的评析。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-01088-3

Richa Kothari, Pushplata Singh, Devendra Dhanorya

引用次数: 0