Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献_第10页

Death in the mountains requires extensive forensic considerations and investigations.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00968-y

Josef Finsterer

引用次数: 0

Remarkable spine erosion in cardiovascular syphilis - Computed tomography reconstruction of a century-old forensic case.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00961-5

Aleksa Leković, Petar Milenković, Jasmina Stevanović, Slobodan Nikolić

{"title":"Remarkable spine erosion in cardiovascular syphilis - Computed tomography reconstruction of a century-old forensic case.","authors":"Aleksa Leković, Petar Milenković, Jasmina Stevanović, Slobodan Nikolić","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00961-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00961-5","url":null,"abstract":"This is the most intriguing museum specimen of cardiovascular syphilis, collected in the Forensic Museum founded by professor Milovan Milovanović (1884-1948) in 1923, the first professor of Forensic Pathology in the newly established University School of Medicine in Belgrade. We aimed to analyze the specimen of an autopsy case from the year 1929 in which severe thoracic spine erosion occurred due to syphilitic aneurism and to demonstrate findings by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The specimen comprises an en-block-eviscerated heart, thoracic aorta, thoracic spine, and posterior segments of the ribs, with a partial section of the heart and a longitudinal section of the aorta. We performed histology and MDCT analyses almost a century after the autopsy and revised the original case documentation. The conducted analyses confirmed the characteristic pathology. Most importantly, MDCT imaging revealed intriguing destruction of the vertebral bodies by the pulsatile saccular aneurysm of the descending aorta. The calcified aneurysm led to the extensive irregular mechanically caused osteolysis of the anterior segments of the several vertebral corpora. After the analysis and revision of the original case documentation, we discussed these findings, as well as additional characteristic autopsy findings in syphilis-related deaths, some of which might be forgotten. The direct close contact of the syphilitic aortic aneurysm with the thoracic spine was preserved. By utilizing postmortem MDCT and 3D reconstruction, we better visualize the thoracic spine bone resorption and alteration: in the time of Milovanović, only roentgenography was available, providing less detail.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinetic energy evolution and injury assessment of high-speed tear jets.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00969-x

Guang-Ming Yang, Hai-Peng Li, Zheng Wang, Yong-Sheng Zhao

{"title":"Kinetic energy evolution and injury assessment of high-speed tear jets.","authors":"Guang-Ming Yang, Hai-Peng Li, Zheng Wang, Yong-Sheng Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00969-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00969-x","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed tear liquid ejectors, as novel less-lethal weapons, demonstrate significant potential in public security, counter-terrorism, and riot control applications. However, critical gaps persist in understanding their kinetic energy dissipation dynamics and associated injury risks, particularly when using traditional specific kinetic energy methods. Therefore, this study establishes an integrated experimental framework combining transient trajectory acquisition systems, ballistic gelatin targets, and dynamic impact force measurements. Key findings reveal that as the launch distance varies from 10 cm, 30 cm to 100 cm, and 200 cm, the trajectory transitions from a coherent stream to dispersed filaments with unstable energy density evolution. Initially, the jet velocity rises from 93.3 m/s to 101.1 m/s, then decreases to 91.7 m/s and 80.8 m/s. Additionally, the penetration depth in the ballistic gelatin decreases progressively with launch distance, measuring 91 mm, 80 mm, 38 mm, to 0 mm respectively, and the depths of penetration at 10 and 30 cm are similar to those of a 4.5 mm steel ball at 180 m/s. The transient impact force follows a similar pattern with velocity, first increasing and then decreasing, to 464 N, 518 N, 95 N, and 48 N respectively, underscoring potential injury risks within 100 cm ranges. This work establishes a framework for evaluating high-speed jet injuries and informs safety protocols for less-lethal weapon deployment.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic odontology in the search of dental evidence at the scene of events with incinerated victims: a scoping review.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00970-4

Javiera Neculqueo-Millán, Mogakolodi Boikanyo, Gabriel M Fonseca

{"title":"Forensic odontology in the search of dental evidence at the scene of events with incinerated victims: a scoping review.","authors":"Javiera Neculqueo-Millán, Mogakolodi Boikanyo, Gabriel M Fonseca","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00970-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00970-4","url":null,"abstract":"The scene of events involving incinerated victims presents significant challenges for forensic teams. Dental evidence has been reported as highly valuable to the identification process. However, given its commingling with debris and its fragility in these contexts, the participation of a forensic odontologist (FO) at the scene has been recommended to enhance the identification, recovery, conservation, and transport of this evidence. We present a scoping review of case reports in which the FOs have actively participated at the scene, facilitating or enhancing the identification of human remains in these contexts. The leadership of Norway and Australia has demonstrated that the inclusion of FOs has been deemed crucial to prevent the loss of dental evidence in this type of scene; however, it is essential that FOs possess the appropriate training and preparation for these tasks. The implementation of appropriate protocols, including wrapping and protection of the victim's head and the utilization of stabilization agents for the remains to ensure protected transport to the mortuary, has also been recommended. Nevertheless, these best practices do not appear to be widespread and are likely dependent on circumstances specific to each country; therefore, it has been suggested, at minimum, that first responders should be trained in these skills.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview of Metaverse in healthcare. Potential application in forensic and legal medicine.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00938-4

Davide Ferorelli, Gianmarco Sirago, Francesco Calò, Annachiara Vinci, Paolo Visci, Biagio Solarino, Alessandro Dell'Erba

{"title":"An overview of Metaverse in healthcare. Potential application in forensic and legal medicine.","authors":"Davide Ferorelli, Gianmarco Sirago, Francesco Calò, Annachiara Vinci, Paolo Visci, Biagio Solarino, Alessandro Dell'Erba","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00938-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00938-4","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we holistically consider healthcare as an ecosystem that includes forensic pathology and legal medicine and probe why these areas have largely ignored the use of Metaverse. This effort is directed at understanding the potential impact of virtual worlds on these areas and ultimately asks if forensic sciences are missing an opportunity or multiple opportunities. We reviewed the scientific literature to identify clinical trials and observational or other study types using PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane, including terms related to the Metaverse and healthcare, with a screen of 1,200 relevant articles. Applications were from future clinical applications, training, treatment, prediction/prevention, and diagnosis, focusing on finding blanks in forensic and legal medicine. The study carried out in-depth research with the Metaverse regarding all areas of medicine. Despite this, significant forensic pathology or legal medicine research has yet to be identified. The gap may implicate a critical oversight in forensic areas, specifically autopsies, crime scene investigation, and field reconstruction of legal cases that could benefit from implementing virtual simulations. In this regard, incorporating virtual environments in these areas can provide new training tools, case scenarios, and even a revision mechanism for cold cases, leading to an essential trend in the evolution of legal medicine.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic considerations in cases of fatal constipation.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00950-8

Roger W Byard, Neil E I Langlois, Marianne Tiemensma

{"title":"Forensic considerations in cases of fatal constipation.","authors":"Roger W Byard, Neil E I Langlois, Marianne Tiemensma","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00950-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00950-8","url":null,"abstract":"Constipation is characterized by persistent difficulty in defecating. It is a common disorder in the community particularly affecting the elderly and those with intellectual disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is also caused by numerous medications including analgesic, antidepressant, antihypertensive and anticholinergic agents. It may be asymptomatic or it may produce abdominal pain/cramps, bloating, nausea and anorexia progressing to urinary incontinence and fecal impaction, or paradoxical diarrhea due to overflow. A wide range of mechanisms associated with constipation may result in death including bowel obstruction, stercoral colitis with ulceration, perforation and peritonitis, respiratory compromise, abdominal compartment syndrome and venous thrombosis with pulmonary thromboembolism. Constipation may exacerbate pre-existing diseases and treatments such as laxative and enemas may be lethal. The autopsy examination of a case with constipation and megacolon should take into account all of the pre-existing conditions, as well as the possibility of underlying disorders such as Hirschprung disease. Review of the decedent's medical and drug history and level of supportive care will be important. Toxicological evaluations may be useful.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic dental age estimation with deep learning: a modified xception model for panoramic X-Ray images.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00962-4

Ercument Yilmaz, Cansu Görürgöz, Hatice Cansu Kış, Emin Murat Canger, Bengi Öztaş

{"title":"Forensic dental age estimation with deep learning: a modified xception model for panoramic X-Ray images.","authors":"Ercument Yilmaz, Cansu Görürgöz, Hatice Cansu Kış, Emin Murat Canger, Bengi Öztaş","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00962-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00962-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to develop an improved method for forensic age estimation using deep learning models applied to orthopantomography (OPG) images, focusing on distinguishing individuals under 12 years old from those aged 12 and above.Methods: A dataset of 1941 pediatric patients aged between five and 15 years was collected from two radiology departments. The primary research question addressed the identification of the most effective deep learning model for this task. Various deep learning models including Xception, ResNet, ShuffleNet, InceptionV3, DarkNet, NasNet, DenseNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet, ResNet18, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, and AlexNet were evaluated using traditional metrics like Classification Accuracy (CA), Sensitivity (SE), Specificity (SP), Kappa (K), Area Under the Curve (AUC), alongside a novel Polygon Area Metric (PAM) designed to handle imbalanced datasets common in forensic applications.Results: \"Forensic Xception\" model derived from Xception outperformed others, achieving a PAM score of 0.8828. This model demonstrated superior performance in accurately classifying individuals' age groups, with high CA, SE, SP, K, AUC, and F1 Score. Notably, the introduction of the PAM metric provided a comprehensive evaluation of classifier performance.Conclusion: This study represents a significant advancement in forensic age estimation from OPG images, emphasizing the potential of deep learning models, particularly the \"Forensic Xception\" model, in accurately classifying individuals based on age, especially in legal contexts. This research suggests a promising avenue for further advancements in forensic dental age estimation, with future studies encouraged to explore additional datasets, refine models, and address ethical and legal considerations.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fractal wood burning remains a potentially lethal recreational activity. 分形焚烧木材仍然是一种可能致命的娱乐活动。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00948-2

Roger W Byard, Neil E I Langlois

引用次数: 0

The lethal fifth cardiac chamber: a rare autopsy case report of left atrial appendage aneurysm and review of literature.

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00963-3

Nora Fawzy Fnon, Asmaa F Sharif, Zahraa Khalifa Sobh

{"title":"The lethal fifth cardiac chamber: a rare autopsy case report of left atrial appendage aneurysm and review of literature.","authors":"Nora Fawzy Fnon, Asmaa F Sharif, Zahraa Khalifa Sobh","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00963-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00963-3","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm is an extremely rare condition characterized by abnormal dilatation of the LAA. We report a fatal case of a left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA). The presented case was a 19-year-old male who died suddenly during vigorous exercise with no relevant medical or family history. On gross examination, we observed a semi-rounded bulge at the LAA with a diameter of approximately 5 cm. Sectioning the bulge revealed an aneurysmal dilatation encompassing recent and huge lamellated mural thrombi filling its cavity. Though coronaries showed no stenosis, the mid-ventricular section of the heart showed dark and whitish areas at the lateral and posterior wall of the left ventricle, which were suspicious of myocardial infarctions. Histopathological examination depicted a thinned fibrosed wall of LAA, and the mural thrombi exhibited different stages of healing, which was confirmed using Martius Scarlet Blue stain. We identified myocardial infarctions at the suspected areas in the left ventricle, confirmed by the Masson Trichrome stain. The chronic myocardial ischemia was precipitated by the LAA aneurysmal compression of the left circumflex coronary artery as it passed along the atrioventricular groove. Seven other cases who died from LAAA complications since 1922 were reviewed. Early diagnosis and adequate management of LAAA allow survival without residual complications. Yet, this article highlighted the importance of screening for cardiac diseases in those subjected to vigorous exercise.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contactless in vitro detection of carboxyhemoglobin using hyperspectral imaging (HSI).

IF 1.5 4区医学

Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-025-00949-1

P Czarkowski, C Babian, St Lüdtke, S Baumann, J Dreßler

{"title":"Contactless in vitro detection of carboxyhemoglobin using hyperspectral imaging (HSI).","authors":"P Czarkowski, C Babian, St Lüdtke, S Baumann, J Dreßler","doi":"10.1007/s12024-025-00949-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-025-00949-1","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) allows for the contactless analysis of the composition of substances based on the reflected light and is already used in various areas of medicine. The carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) concentration in blood of suspected fire victims serves to prove vitality and the cause of death. However, this metric is usually determined by spectrophotometry in the laboratory. The present study provides the basis for the future development of methods for determining CO-Hb concentrations right at the scene of a corpse or at necropsy using mobile HSI. Human erythrocyte concentrate was mixed with gaseous carbon monoxide using an aerator to produce a series of samples, which were analyzed for their CO-Hb concentration (2.9; 9.7; 18; 27.9; 39.9; 51.9; 62.3; 73.4% CO-Hb) using established spectrophotometric blood gas analysis. These blood samples were stored in a cool place at 4 °C, dripped onto a spot plate every 7 days over a period of 6 weeks, and photographed under standardized conditions (ambient lighting, distance and angle of the camera to the sample, camera settings) using the HSI camera SPECIM IQ. This device analyzes each image in the wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm in 204 spectral bands. The data sets were used to train a lasso regression model, which provides predicted values for the CO-Hb concentration of the blood sample based on their hyperspectral properties. The results were then compared with the results of spectrophotometric measurements. The lasso regression model allowed the prediction of the CO-Hb concentration of the samples with a mean prediction error of 4.46 percentage points, independent of the sample age. Further investigations regarding pre-analytical influencing factors such as variable ambient light and tissue scattering effects, are planned to validate the robustness of the method and realize practical implementations.","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0