Severe illness as a risk factor for live burial.

Abstract

Asphyxiation due to airway obstruction by sand is a rare occurrence, predominantly associated with accidental environmental or occupational hazards. Cases involving intentional live burial as a means of homicide are scarcely reported in forensic literature. This report presents an unusual case in which a severely ill victim was buried alive without resistance, ultimately succumbing to mechanical asphyxiation. A 32-year-old woman, suffering from perforated duodenal ulcer and peritonitis, was buried in a shallow grave inside a shed by the partner, under the mistaken belief that death had already occurred. Autopsy findings revealed pulmonary overinflation and airway obstruction by soil, confirmed through polarized light microscopy. The absence of coercive measures, alcohol, or drugs in toxicology results suggests that the victim's critical medical condition rendered her incapable of resisting. The forensic investigation provided key evidence distinguishing live burial from post-mortem concealment, proving that death resulted from asphyxiation rather than natural disease progression. This case highlights the vital role of forensic pathology in differentiating between accidental and intentional deaths, emphasizing the need for detailed forensic analyses in cases involving potential live burial. Moreover, it raises awareness that critically ill individuals may reach a state of physical exhaustion where they cannot respond to life-threatening situations, inadvertently facilitating misjudgements that can result in fatal outcomes.