Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of the postmortem interval from histological changes in the lingual tissue: Need for further exploration.","authors":"Pulagura Siva Sai Kumar, Vikas Meshram, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1007/s12024-023-00773-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-023-00773-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of a digital twin in supporting criminal investigations - a case report about a possible abuse.","authors":"Sven Becker, Tim Hanjo Fritzsch, Dirk Labudde","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00857-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00857-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of a comprehensive analysis, this case report presents a possible case of child maltreatment that can serve as a basis for forensic and medical examiner investigations. This case concerns the death of an infant who was approximately two months old. During a routine examination by the pediatrician at the end of May 2021, the child was found to have a normal head circumference of 31 cm. No other abnormalities were noted. On June 19, 2021, the child died, and an autopsy revealed a head circumference of 44 cm and a subdural hematoma as the cause of death. Questions arose as to who might have abused the child and when. The only evidence was a low-quality cell phone video taken by the child's parents on June 13, 2021, six days before the child's death, in which the child could be seen lying on a pillow. It was necessary to determine whether the child in this video already had an unnatural head circumference. This study presents a novel workflow that demonstrates how to analyze and deal with low quality video to answer questions like the above. The workflow demonstrates the creation of 3D scenes from digital image and video material. These 3D scenes can be used for object measurement and to support forensic and medical investigations. In the present case, where only low quality smartphone images were available, the presented workflow was used to create a 3D scene of the child lying on the pillow. In this 3D scene, it was possible to determine the child's head circumference. These measurements support the findings of the medical examiner (dated June 24, 2021) and confirm the suspicion that possible child abuse had already taken place on June 13, 2021. The innovative approach makes it possible to identify evidence of possible abuse based on a specific point in time, in this case the child's private footage. It also demonstrates the potential of 3D scene reconstruction in complex forensic and medical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"245-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental color measurement to estimate age in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jaime Martín-Martín, Ignacio Santos, María J Gaitán-Arroyo, Juan Suarez, Leticia Rubio, Stella Martín-de-Las-Heras","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00798-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00798-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age estimation is a major challenge in anthropology and forensic odontology laboratories, as well as in judicial settings, as one of the tools used in human identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of age estimation methods based on the accurate measurement of tooth color changes. A systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and in compliance with Cochrane criteria recommendations (PROSPERO registration number CRD 42022343371). An electronic search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline, Current Contents Connect, SciELO, KCI-Korean Journal Database, Derwent Innovations Index and Russian Citation Index. The search strategy yielded a total of 18 articles. A randomized meta-analysis model of the results for the CIE L*a*b* color variables stratified by age (less than 30 years, 30-60 years, 60 years and older) was performed with 9 of the 18 studies included in this systematic review. According to our results, sex and location of color measurement are the most influential factors in color estimation. All studies were carried out in healthy anterior teeth by spectrophotometry as the most commonly used method for color measurement, with CIE L*a*b* being the most commonly analyzed parameters. Studies based on age as a dependent variable showed R² values between 0.28 and 0.56, being higher in ex vivo teeth. Studies based on age as an independent variable showed R² values ranging from 0.10 to 0.48. The random model showed high heterogeneity for the L*, a* and b* parameters in all age groups, which is explained by discrepancies in age range and non-standardized conditions for color measurement. This systematic review highlights the need to protocolize age estimation studies that measure tooth color, in order to apply this method in different forensic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"382-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Time-Since-Deposition of bloodstains on different surfaces using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.","authors":"Deepthi Nagesh, B Nagarajamurthy","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00849-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00849-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood is commonly discovered at crime scenes in various forms, including stains, dried residue, pools, and fingerprints on assorted surfaces. Estimating the age of bloodstains is a crucial aspect of reconstructing crime scenes. This research aimed to investigate how the nature of different surfaces affects the estimation of bloodstain age, utilizing a reliable and non-destructive approach. The study employed ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with Chemometric techniques such as PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and OPLSR (Orthogonal Signal Correction Partial Least Square Regression Analysis) to analyze spectral data and develop regression models for estimating bloodstain age on cement, metal, and wooden surfaces for up to eleven days. The chemometric models for bloodstains on all three substrates demonstrated strong performance, with predictive Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values ranging from 1.1 to 1.43 and R² values from 0.84 to 0.89. Notably, the model developed for metal surfaces was found to be the most accurate with minimal prediction error. The findings of the study showed that the porosity of the substrates upon which bloodstains were found had a discernible influence on the age-related transformations observed in bloodstains; the majority of which occured within the spectral range of 2800 cm^- 1 to 3500 cm^- 1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"123-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corpse or not? Two peculiar cases of misidentification.","authors":"S Plenzig, J Helmus, M Weber, M A Verhoff, V Hachmann","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00799-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00799-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irrespective of whether they are intended for collectors or for the fetish market, dolls are being produced to look more and more realistic with such a degree of life-like detail that they can be mistaken for a real person. This paper reports two cases of misidentification due to this increasing similarity: In the first case, a sex doll was mistaken for a corpse; in the second case, a corpse was mistaken for a doll. While in the latter case, only medical laypersons were at the discovery site, in the first case, an emergency doctor had issued a medical certificate of death for the purported corpse. The medicolegal examiner who was subsequently called to the scene could still rectify the misconception on-site. Mistakes of this nature are likely rare phenomena. It, however, remains to be seen if the increasingly life-like appearance of dolls on the one hand, and the increasingly doll-like appearance of some people, e.g., through cosmetic surgery, will lead to a rise in such cases. To avoid misidentification as in the first reported case, it is essential to prepare medical students well for the task of performing a primary external postmortem examination; it is equally important that fully-trained doctors regularly refresh their expertise in this respect.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"314-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added value of postmortem mri in sudden unexpected infant death cases.","authors":"Alexia Van Goethem, Kshitij Mankad, Sniya Sudhakar, Günther De Temmerman, Astrid Van Hoyweghen, Wim Volders, Peter Bracke, Vidija Soerdjbalie-Maikoe, Diona D'Hondt, Babette Van Rafelghem, Werner Jacobs","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00850-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00850-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate the potential added value of postmortem MRI (PMMRI) in sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) cases referred to our center between September 2020 and June 2023. Ultimately, 19 SUID cases underwent PMMRI alongside standard autopsy procedures, which included technical examinations such as postmortem CT (PMCT). Four radiologists, two with prior PMMRI experience, provided structured reports following consensus. For each case, the responsible forensic medicine specialist documented the cause of death before and after reviewing the PMMRI report. Additionally, they assessed the overall impact of the PMMRI report and had the opportunity to provide written comments. The results of our study indicate that none of the PMMRI reports altered the prior determined cause of death, which included cases of infection, asphyxia, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, we observed a moderate impact in one case and a low impact in 10 cases. The moderate impact arose from the PMMRI report identifying hypoxic-ischemic changes, where histologic examination of the brain was perceived as normal. Conversely, in the 10 cases with a low impact, the PMMRI reports supported the autopsy findings, specifically indicating brain injury and intra-alveolar cellular infiltrates. In conclusion, our study suggests that while PMMRI may not be pivotal in determining the cause of death in SUID cases, it could aid in detecting hypoxic-ischemic changes and reinforcing brain and lung observations. However, distinguishing genuine lung pathology from postmortem changes using PMMRI remains challenging. Further research is warranted to clarify the role of PMMRI in forensic SUID investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"210-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel SCN5A mutation associated with long QT syndrome and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a family.","authors":"Rui Li, Da Zheng, Chunxi Lin, Yili Chen, Yang Bai, Nan Zhou, Qianhao Zhao, Wenzhao Wei, Qiuping Wu, Jiacheng Deng, Shuquan Zhao, Hui Yao, Shuangbo Tang, Bin Luo, Shuiping Liu, Li Quan, Xiaoshan Liu, Jianding Cheng, Erwen Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00863-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00863-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cardiac death represents a significant diagnostic challenge for forensic pathologists, particularly in inherited arrhythmia syndromes or cardiomyopathies resulting from genetic defects. Molecular autopsies can reveal the underlying molecular etiology in such cases. In this study, we investigated a family with a history of sudden cardiac death to elucidate the molecular basis responsible for sudden cardiac death. The proband underwent a comprehensive forensic examination. Family members received thorough clinical evaluations, including electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic imaging. Whole exome sequencing and genetic analysis were performed on the deceased and her parents. In addition, Western blotting and patch-clamp recordings were employed to evaluate the expression and function of the mutant protein in vitro. Forensic examination diagnosed arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) as the cause of sudden death. Genetic analysis identified a novel missense mutation in SCN5A (p.V1323L), which was assessed as likely pathogenic by the ACMG guideline. Another family member carrying the mutation manifested long QT syndrome and mild cardiac fibrosis. The cellular electrophysiological study demonstrated that the mutation resulted in an enhanced late sodium current, suggesting it was a gain-of-function mutation. This study characterizes a novel SCN5A mutation that putatively causes long QT syndrome and may contribute to the development of ARVC. Our work expands the pathogenic spectrum of SCN5A variants and underscores the importance of molecular autopsy in sudden death cases, especially in those with suspected genetic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of 3D shoe prints using the PointNet architecture: proof of concept investigation of binary classification of nike and adidas outsoles.","authors":"Ramazan Oğuz, Hakkı Halil Babacan, Faruk Aşıcıoğlu, Hüseyin Üvet","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00877-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00877-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shoe prints are one of the most common types of evidence found at crime scenes, second only to fingerprints. However, studies involving modern approaches such as machine learning and deep learning for the detection and analysis of shoe prints are quite limited in this field. With advancements in technology, positive results have recently emerged for the detection of 2D shoe prints. However, few studies focusing on 3D shoe prints. This study aims to use deep learning methods, specifically the PointNet architecture, for binary classification applications of 3D shoe prints, utilizing two different shoe brands. A 3D dataset created from 160 pairs of shoes was employed for this research. This dataset comprises 797 images from the Adidas brand and 2445 images from the Nike brand. The dataset used in the study includes worn shoe prints. According to the results obtained, the training phase achieved an accuracy of 96%, and the validation phase achieved an accuracy of 93%. These study results are highly positive and indicate promising potential for classifying 3D shoe prints. This study is described as the first classification study conducted using a deep learning method specifically on 3D shoe prints. It provides proof of concept that deep learning research can be conducted on 3D shoeprints. While the developed binary classification of these 3D shoeprints may not fully meet current forensic needs, it will serve as a source of motivation for future research and for the creation of 3D datasets intended for forensic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of complex suicide in physician: attempt drugs poisoning and adhesive tape asphyxia.","authors":"Gennaro Baldino, Stefano Vanin, Giorgia Burrascano, Elena Forzese, Alessio Asmundo, Elvira Ventura Spagnolo","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00836-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00836-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex suicides are rare occurrences that can be categorized into planned (or primary) cases and unplanned (or secondary) cases. Additionally, individuals often select suicide methods based on their availability and accessibility. The body of a 58-year-old man was discovered deceased inside his medical office. He was found seated on the waiting room sofa, with his airways obstructed by several layers of adhesive tape wrapped around his head. An intravenous needle was observed in his left arm, and on the table in front of him, an empty 50 ml syringe, two empty vials of 10 ml potassium chloride, and an empty 10 mg vial of Valium (diazepam) were found. A roll of adhesive tape, similar to the one around his head, was also present. The autopsy, conducted 36 h after the body's discovery, revealed therapeutic concentrations of diazepam and its metabolite nordiazepam in the blood samples, while potassium chloride was not detected. Integrating forensic findings obtained from autopsy, histology, and other postmortem investigation, including toxicological analysis, can aid in defining suicidal behavior and preventing misinterpretation, particularly in differentiating diagnosis between homicide and suicide. It is crucial to consider circumstantial data and professional knowledge in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of forensic anthropology methodology: accuracy of virtual face reproductions performed on the Tenchini collection.","authors":"Laura Donato, Douglas H Ubelaker, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Valentina Bugelli, Jessika Camatti, Michele Treglia, Rossana Cecchi","doi":"10.1007/s12024-024-00839-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12024-024-00839-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial reproduction validation uses the methodology typical of forensic anthropology to confirm the accuracy of three-dimensional reproductions of faces. Achieving high accuracy in virtual facial reproductions is still under study. In the present paper, the Tenchini collection, which contains wax reproductions of prisoners' faces and their skulls, was used. By creating facial reproductions on skulls from this collection, the result was compared with the real face of the person to whom the skull belongs. The three-dimensional volume of each examined skull of Tenchini collection was acquired via CT scan and photogrammetry. Subsequently, the virtual reproduction of each skull was processed using three-dimensional graphics software (ZBrush, Pixologic®). The morphological comparison parameters used in the field of personal identification by forensic anthropology were used. The blind procedure required the operator to see the mask subsequent to the facial reproduction phase, so that the facial reproduction cannot exploit the information that knowledge of the mask would have produced. The parameters used in the study of facial reproductions have shown discrepancies between the characteristics of the masks and the facial reproductions, partly expected because due to the lack of soft tissue on the skull. However, a high degree of accuracy in the facial reproductions performed due to the applied methodology was documented. The present study allowed us to observe how these parameters can be useful to study the accuracy of facial reproduction and identify what difficulties are encountered in producing a result close to the real appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12449,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}