Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Mast cell promotes obesity by activating microglia in hypothalamus.","authors":"Wen Tian, Jinghui Wang, Yangyang Zhu, Yi Zhang, Liwei Chen, Cheng Hu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity has become a significant public health issue, yet its underlying mechanisms remain complex. The hypothalamus, a crucial part of the central nervous system, plays a vital role in maintaining energy balance. Disruptions in hypothalamic homeostasis can lead to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the role of intercellular interactions within the hypothalamus in obesity development, though the exact mechanisms are still under investigation. Mast cells, as innate immune cells, have been linked to obesity, but their specific roles and mechanisms require further exploration. This study aims to investigate whether hypothalamic mast cells influence microglia and subsequently affect metabolic homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted experiments to examine the effects of high-fat diets on mast cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. We analyzed the activation of microglia and the activity of POMC neurons in response to mast cell activation. The study involved feeding mice a high-fat diet and then assessing changes in mast cell populations, microglial activation, and neuronal activity in the hypothalamus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that high-fat feeding increases the number of mast cells in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These mast cells activate microglia, which in turn suppress the activity of POMC neurons. This suppression promotes appetite and reduces energy expenditure, leading to obesity. The results suggest a direct role of hypothalamic mast cells in the regulation of energy balance and obesity development.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights the regulatory role of mast cells in the hypothalamus in the formation of obesity. By activating microglia and influencing POMC neuron activity, mast cells contribute to metabolic dysregulation. These findings provide a new target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, emphasizing the importance of hypothalamic immune interactions in metabolic health. Further research is needed to explore the potential therapeutic applications of targeting mast cells in obesity management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1544213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis phenotype in a diet-induced rat model.","authors":"Mei Liu, Xiang-Zhun Song, Liu Yang, Yu-Hui Fang, Liu Lan, Jing-Shu Cui, Xiao-Chen Lu, Hai-Yang Zhu, Lin-Hu Quan, Hong-Mei Han","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1528768","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1528768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the potential protective effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 VD3) supplementation on liver damage induced by a choline-deficient (CD) diet in rats, where impaired liver function leads to decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, the precursor for the active 1,25 VD3. The CD diet reduced serum 25 VD3 levels and increased liver enzymes, indicative of liver damage. Conversely, 1,25 VD3 supplementation alleviated liver damage, reducing liver enzymes and improving histopathological features characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Oxidative stress and inflammation were mitigated by 1,25 VD3, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression, and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). 1,25 VD3 also enhanced fatty acid metabolism by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) expression, promoting lipid transport and oxidation. Additionally, 1,25 VD3 supplementation modulated inflammation by increasing PPARγ expression, reducing NF-κB expression, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4) were increased, and macrophage polarization was shifted towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, 1,25 VD3 upregulated CYP2J3, a cytochrome P450 epoxygenase that converts arachidonic acid to anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and decreased soluble epoxide hydrolase activity, likely contributing to increased EET levels. Correlation studies revealed positive associations between 1,25 VD3 supplementation, CYP2J3 expression, EETs, as well as negative correlations with NF-κB and TNF-α. PPARα expression positively correlated with TAOC and CPT-1, while PPARγ expression negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 1,25 VD3 in alleviating NASH through regulation of fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1528768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and prediabetes reversion and progression: a nationwide cohort study of middle-aged and elderly people in China.","authors":"Xin Huang, Shiming He, Chao Wang, Guoan Jian, Kun Jiang, Zihao Lu, Wei Wang, Guotai Sheng, Yang Zou","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1500993","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1500993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prediabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes. It is particularly prevalent among middle-aged and elderly populations. This study aims to investigate the association between a novel marker of insulin resistance-the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR)-and the reversion of prediabetes to normoglycaemia or progression to diabetes in a Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study utilized baseline data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study involving 2,600 prediabetic participants aged 45 years and older, along with follow-up data from 2015. The study's endpoints were defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, including maintenance of the prediabetic state, reversion to normoglycaemia, or progression to diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to assess the association between eGDR and the reversion or progression of prediabetes in middle-aged and elderly populations, followed by stratified analyses to explore potential population-specific dependencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up period of 4 years, 1,615 (62.1%) participants remained in the prediabetic state, 586 (22.5%) reverted to normoglycaemia, and 399 (15.3%) progressed to diabetes. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, our results indicated that eGDR was positively associated with the reversion of prediabetes to normoglycaemia [Hazard Ratio = 1.14, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.05, 1.23], and negatively associated with the progression of prediabetes to diabetes (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.93). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear, L-shaped association between eGDR and the reversion of prediabetes to normoglycaemia, with segmented Cox regression identifying an eGDR threshold of 6.81 as the point of significant change in the likelihood of prediabetes reversion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This prospective cohort study among middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations suggested that higher eGDR promoted the reversion of prediabetes and provided a protective effect against its progression to diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1500993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The J-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Long Gui, Heshan Cao, Min Zheng, Yu Pan, Chengdong Ning, Mingjin Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1542403","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1542403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum osmolality (SOSM) is an indicator of hydration status and is associated with the prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the association between SOSM and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Medical Information for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database, including critically ill patients with a primary diagnosis of MI. Patients were categorized into tertile groups based on the SOSM levels. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis, multiple Cox regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and threshold effect analysis were used to investigate the nonlinear relationship between all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with MI and SOSM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5354 patients with MI were included. K-M survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high SOSM group was significantly lower than that of the other groups, which was consistent with the results after IPTW correction (log-rank <i>P</i><0.05). Multiple Cox regression confirmed that patients with high SOSM had significantly increased risk of death at 30-day [HR, 1.45 (95% CI 1.21-1.73) <i>P</i><0.001], 180-day [HR, 1.32 (95% CI 1.15-1.53) <i>P</i><0.001], and 365-day [HR, 1.31(95% CI1.15-1.49) <i>P</i><0.001]. RCS analysis and threshold effect analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between SOSM and mortality risk, and the minimum threshold of SOSM was 286.28 mmol/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a J-shaped relationship between SOSM and all-cause mortality in critically ill MI patients, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker for risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1542403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosterone effects induced by stress and immunity and inflammation: mechanisms of communication.","authors":"Jingyu Xu, Baojuan Wang, Haiqing Ao","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1448750","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1448750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The body instinctively responds to external stimuli by increasing energy metabolism and initiating immune responses upon receiving stress signals. Corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid (GC) that regulates secretion along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, mediates neurotransmission and humoral regulation. Due to the widespread expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), the effects of CORT are almost ubiquitous in various tissue cells. Therefore, on the one hand, CORT is a molecular signal that activates the body's immune system during stress and on the other hand, due to the chemical properties of GCs, the anti-inflammatory properties of CORT act as stabilizers to control the body's response to stress. Inflammation is a manifestation of immune activation. CORT plays dual roles in this process by both promoting inflammation and exerting anti-inflammatory effects in immune regulation. As a stress hormone, CORT levels fluctuate with the degree and duration of stress, determining its effects and the immune changes it induces. The immune system is essential for the body to resist diseases and maintain homeostasis, with immune imbalance being a key factor in the development of various diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of CORT and its mechanisms of action on immunity is crucial. This review addresses this important issue and summarizes the interactions between CORT and the immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1448750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive body weight and its contributing factors in visually impaired patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2024.","authors":"Baye Ashenef, Bayu Wondimneh Yimenu, Enatnesh Essa Osman, Derese Sinamaw, Gelagey Baye, Zigale Hibstu Teffera, Mamaru Getinet Engida, Adane Adugna, Enyew Fenta Mengistu, Temesgen Baylie, Mohammed Jemal","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1514308","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1514308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Excessive body weight are global health challenge affecting individuals across all age groups. They result from an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. Individuals with visual impairment are particularly vulnerable due to reduced physical activity, leading to higher rates of excessive body weight. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of excessive body weight among visually impaired patients in northwest Ethiopia in 2024.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A multi-centered institution-based cross-sectional study was done with 384 visually impaired patients selected using a simple random sample technique. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and physical assessments were used to gather data. The crude and adjusted odds ratios, as well as the 95% confidence intervals, were calculated. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 were considered substantially associated with excessive body weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of excessive body weight was 27.9% (95% CI: 23.2-32.8). Factors significantly associated with excessive body weight included being aged 65 or older (AOR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.22-24.1), urban residency (AOR = 4.84, 95% CI: 2.95-7.95), and having visual impairment for five or more years (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.88-5.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excessive body weight affects nearly one-third of visually impaired patients in northwest Ethiopia, with significant associations found for older age, urban residence, and long-term visual impairment. Integrating weight management programs, physical activity promotion, nutritional education, and community support is essential to improve health outcomes. Future studies using prospective cohort designs are recommended to explore causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1514308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum microRNAs as peripheral markers of primary aldosteronism.","authors":"Nikita Makhnov, Fredrik Axling, Elham Barazeghi, Peter Stålberg, Tobias Åkerström, Per Hellman","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1511096","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1511096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the principal cause of secondary hypertension; it leads to significantly elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but only a fraction of its cases ever get detected, partially due to diagnostic procedures that are difficult to perform and to interpret. More straightforward diagnostic methods are needed. Lateralized, or unilateral PA (uPA), is best treated by surgery. Bilateral PA (bPA) is treated medically.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to explore microRNA (miRNA) in peripheral blood as markers of PA, uPA and bPA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In groups of subjects with primary hypertension (HT, n = 11), bPA (n = 12), and uPA (n = 16), peripheral serum was used for isolation of total RNA, library preparation, and NGS sequencing to achieve a comparative analysis of miRNA expression. Five-fold cross-validation support vector machine learning (ML) models were employed to search for miRNA that could be used as markers of PA and its forms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort of patients, the discovered combinations of miRNAs could, with a high level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, characterize the difference between HT and PA, as well as between a combined group of HT + bPA vs. uPA. The differentiating parameters were moderately good for comparison of bPA vs. uPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within our patient cohort, and using ML, the study identified distinctly different miRNA profiles between HT and PA, as well as between bPA and uPA. Further validation studies may lead to the emergence of a new tool for clinical diagnostics of PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1511096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis on the risk of esophageal cancer in type 2 diabetes patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.","authors":"Qi Wu, Yan Zeng, Yong Liu, Fangyuan Teng, Tiejun Zhou, Man Guo, Zongzhe Jiang, Yong Xu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1532587","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1532587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) treatment and the risk of esophageal cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity through a comprehensive meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic computerized searches and collection of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to compare the risk of esophageal cancer between GLP-1 RA and control agents. The bias risks and quality of the studies were evaluated, and a meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18.0 and R 4.0.2 statistical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included data from six studies involving 13,391 participants. The pooled relative risk (RR) of esophageal cancer in patients using GLP-1 RAs compared to control agents was 0.46 (95% CI 0.13-1.59; p=0.725; I²=0%). Subgroup analyses stratified by age groups, intervention durations, BMI categories, and indications for T2DM or obesity treatment more often indicated no association between GLP-1 RAs use and increased risk of esophageal cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLP-1 RAs did not increase the incidence of esophageal neoplasms, and there were not probably significant within-class differences in T2DM or obesity treatment. This finding supports the safety of GLP-1 RAs as a therapeutic option for the clinical management of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024543945.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1532587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning applications to classify and monitor medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia.","authors":"Ewunate Assaye Kassaw, Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Bekele Mulat Enyew, Biruk Beletew Abate","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1486350","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1486350","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Medication adherence plays a crucial role in determining the health outcomes of patients, particularly those with chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. Despite its significance, there is limited evidence regarding the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict medication adherence within the Ethiopian population. The primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate ML models designed to classify and monitor medication adherence levels among patients with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia, to improve patient care and health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a random sampling technique in a cross-sectional study, we obtained data from 403 patients with type 2 diabetes at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UoGCSH), excluding 13 subjects who were unable to respond and 6 with incomplete data from an initial cohort of 422. Medication adherence was assessed using the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), an eleven-item Likert scale questionnaire. The responses served as features to train and test machine learning (ML) models. To address data imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied. The dataset was split using stratified K-fold cross-validation to preserve the distribution of adherence levels. Eight widely used ML algorithms were employed to develop the models, and their performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The best-performing model was subsequently deployed for further analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of 422 enrolled patients, 403 data samples were collected, with 11 features extracted from each respondent. To mitigate potential class imbalance, the dataset was increased to 620 samples using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Machine learning models including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boost Classifier (GBC), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1DCNN) were developed and evaluated. Although the performance differences among the models were subtle (within a range of 0.001), the SVM classifier outperformed the others, achieving a recall of 0.9979 and an AUC of 0.9998. Consequently, the SVM model was selected for deployment to monitor and detect patients' medication adherence levels, enabling timely interventions to improve patient outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights a variety of machine learning (ML) models that can be effectively used to monitor and classify medication adherence in diabetic patients in Ethiopia. However, to fully realize the potential impact of digital health applications, further studies that include patients from diverse settings are necessary. Such research could enhance the generalizability of these models and provide insights into the broader applicability","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1486350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist circumference mediates the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and infertility.","authors":"Xue Wei, Dandan Liu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1473228","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1473228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A newly developed technique, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), is linked to numerous metabolic disorders. Prior researches have indicated strong correlation between AIP and waist circumference (WC), as well as between WC and infertility. Yet no investigation has examined link involving the AIP and infertility, as well as the potential mediating role of WC in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 1,322 women from the 2013-2018 NHANES. Infertility was the outcome variable. Moreover, mediation analysis explored the mediating role of WC in the above relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 1,163 controls and 159 infertile participants among the 1,322 participants. The study demonstrated increased WC and elevated AIP among infertile women. Also, the AIP demonstrated an independent correlation with a higher likelihood of infertility, regardless of adjustments for confounding factors. Subgroup analysis indicated the AIP was related to the prevalence of infertility even among women aged 35 years or younger with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), pelvic infections, or use of female hormones. Finally, WC had a substantial mediating effect on correlation between AIP and infertility, accounting for 54.49% of the association. Yet, it appears that the various IR surrogates did not demonstrate variability in their predictive ability for infertility [AIP: 0.642 (95% CI: 0.599, 0.683) vs. WC 0.658 (95% CI: 0.618, 0.705) vs. HOMA-IR 0.637 (95% CI: 0.593, 0.686)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A notable positive correlation exists between AIP and female infertility. It provides the first evidence to demonstrate the mediating role of WC in the above relationship. Managing abdominal obesity and monitoring AIP levels may contribute to reduce the likelihood of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1473228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}