Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"The impact of hyperinsulinemia on short-term prognosis in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Mengjun Wang, Lei Zheng, Long Qian, Maoqi Xu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1646307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1646307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The short-term prognosis of hyperinsulinemia in patients with hyperlipidemia resulting in acute pancreatitis remains uncertain, so this research explores the correlation between them.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analyzed patients treated for hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis at Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2020 and April 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on laboratory diagnosis: the hyperinsulinemia group (HINS) and the non-hyperinsulinemia group (NHINS). The study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of hyperinsulinemia on acute pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92 patients with Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis were included in the study before receiving lipid-lowering therapy, with 44 in the HINS group and 48 in the NHINS group. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of white blood cell count (WBC), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and fasting blood glucose at 2, 3-4, and 5-7 days after initiation of lipid-lowering intervention (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Following admission, patients received symptomatic interventions. However, there was a significant difference in the rate of decrease compared to the baseline between the fifth and seventh days (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the groups showed significant differences in the readmission rates for recurrent pancreatitis within 30 days post-ICU transfer and discharge (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No statistically significant distinctions were noted in the length of hospital stay or quality of life scores fifteen days post-discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hyperinsulinemia adversely affects the recovery process of patients with Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1646307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B dynamics in polycystic ovary syndrome: correlation with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation outcomes and pregnancy success.","authors":"Yueying Li, Lu Han, Ying He, Xiaoyan Li, Yan Zhang, Huiying Zhang, Yingmei Wang, Huijuan Zhang, Wenyan Tian","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1627560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1627560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the dynamic changes of serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Inhibin B (INHB) during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and analyze their correlation with COH outcomes and pregnancy success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 individuals diagnosed with PCOS and 40 control subjects were recruited for the study. Serum concentrations of AMH and INHB were quantified at several key time points: at the initiation of gonadotropin treatment (dGn), on the fifth day of stimulation (dGn5), on the day of hCG administration (dhCG), on the day of oocyte pick-up (dOPU), and within the follicular fluid (FF) collected on the day of oocyte retrieval, employing the ELISA method for analysis. The changes in their concentrations were explored, and their correlations with COH outcomes and pregnancy success were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMH peaks on the basal day and subsequently declines during the COH procedure. The serum AMH levels are consistently correlated with basel testosterone(T), antral follicle count(AFC), estradiol (E2) on the trigger day, retrieved oocytes, two pronuclei (2PN) fertilization, available embryos, top-quality embryos (TQE) and TQE rate (p<0.05). INHB elevates during the COH process, peaks at dHCG, and thereafter declines. Serum levels are closely associated with AFC, E2 on the trigger day, retrieved oocytes, 2PN fertilizations, available embryos and TQE rate(p<0.05). During COH, AMH and INHB in both FF and serum are interrelated. AMH levels on dOPU (β=-5.2250, P=0.0014) and INHB levels on dOPU (β=-0.1106, P<0.05) were significant negative predictors of the TQE rate. Serum INHB at dGn5 demonstrated predictive value for pregnancy outcomes (AUC = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During COH, serum AMH and INHB exhibit cyclical variations. Serum AMH and INHB especially on dOPU are closely associated with the outcomes of COH. They possess the capacity to predict the results of COH. Moreover, serum INHB (dGn5) may serve as a potential biomarker for individualized prediction of pregnancy success in PCOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1627560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational metabolic toxicity of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure in adult offspring rats: a multi-omics approach.","authors":"Guoqi Yu, Tingyu Luo, Xiaona Huo, Xi Meng, Liping Feng, Yan Sun, Yongjie Liu, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1589826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1589826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), known as a critical endocrine disruptor, was linked to potential intergenerational effect in population studies. Yet, the toxic metabolic mechanisms remain unclear, particularly at relatively low PFOS concentration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the metabolic impacts of early-life (pregnancy and lactation) PFOS exposure on adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) offspring rats using an integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. Metabolic phenotypes, including glucose tolerance, lipids, and metabolic biomarkers were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early-life exposure to 0.03 mg/kg PFOS was found to be associated with elevated fasting and 15-minute blood glucose, serum insulin, and adiponectin levels and a decrease of leptin level in dose of 0.3 mg/kg was observed. Differentially expressed genes induced by PFOS exposure were enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, insulin signaling, retinol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glucagon signaling, type II diabetes, and PPAR signaling. Differentially expressed metabolites were linked to citric acid cycle, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Coenrichment analysis revealed feature changes in several pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and primary bile acid synthesis (0.03 mg/kg), and retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, DGlutamine and D-Glutamine biosynthesis, and fatty acid elongation (0.3 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early-life exposure to PFOS might lead to metabolic perturbations in adult offspring, which might be triggered by changes in pathways, i.g. glycerophospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and fatty acid elongation. Further validation of these pathways is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1589826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose sensing and homeostasis by adipocyte GPCR.","authors":"Nazmul Hasan, Kavaljit H Chhabra","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1657747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1657747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adipose tissue regulates energy homeostasis, which is one of the vital processes for organismal survival, and its dysregulation causes metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucose is utilized by the adipose tissue for energy production and storage to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in the adipose tissues play a crucial role in adipocyte function by responding to hormonal, neural, and metabolic signals; thereby, influencing insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and lipid metabolism. The specific contribution of adipocyte GPCRs to glucose sensing and its utilization is incompletely understood. Therefore, in this review we explore the diverse molecular and integrative mechanisms through which GPCR signaling in the adipose tissue senses glucose to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. We first discuss the major GPCR families that modulate intracellular second messenger cascades in response to glucose and nutrient availability in the adipose tissue, and their metabolic implications in pathophysiological conditions like obesity and diabetes. These GPCRs regulate glucose sensing, lipid metabolism, adipokine secretion, and thereby coordinating metabolic responses with other central and peripheral tissues including the brain, pancreas, intestine and liver. Subsequently, we review the molecular mechanisms through which the adipocyte GPCR regulates systemic glucose homeostasis, from glucose sensing to its utilization. Determining how the GPCRs in the adipose tissue sense glucose will offer new and better therapeutic approaches for treating metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1657747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future horizons in diabetes treatment: hypoglycemic activity of [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazoline derivatives.","authors":"Serhii Trzhetsynskyi, Inna Nosulenko, Anna Kinichenko, Dmytro Skoryna, Halyna Berest, Volodymyr Shvets, Oleksii Voskoboinik, Serhii Kovalenko, Pavlo Petakh, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1638013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1638013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant and multifaceted challenge for modern healthcare. This issue becomes even more pressing during times of armed conflict and the subsequent recovery period, as research indicates an increased incidence of T2DM among combat veterans, largely due to post-traumatic stress disorder. Although numerous antidiabetic drugs are currently available, achieving optimal control of hyperglycemia continues to be problematic. In this context, and as part of a focused search for biologically active substances within the class of substituted and condensed [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolines, we explored the hypoglycemic effects of a newly synthesized series of such compounds. The study involved 21 synthesized compounds bearing the [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazoline core. Experiments were conducted using white Wistar rats weighing between 260 and 280 grams. Prescreening of hypoglycemic activity was evaluated based on changes in blood glucose levels before and after compound administration by rats with normoglycemia. Compounds that demonstrated the most pronounced activity were selected for extended pharmacological evaluation using oral glucose tolerance test, adrenaline test, and rapid insulin tests in rats with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance. Initial pharmacological screening under normoglycemic conditions showed that seven studied compounds significantly lowered blood glucose levels. Follow-up investigations validated the high hypoglycemic effect of 1,2,2-trimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>- [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolin-6-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Among the tested substances, compound 3-phenyl-6-(phenylamino)-2<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolin-2-one was the only one to exhibit moderate activity in the adrenaline tolerance test. None of the compounds enhanced insulin sensitivity in the liver or peripheral tissues. The findings suggest that substituted [1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolines constitute a promising scaffold for the development of new hypoglycemic agents. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is the most likely molecular target for lead-compound 1,2,2-trimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-<i>c</i>]quinazolin-6-yl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1638013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in diabetic nephropathy: mechanisms and therapeutic targeting via the gut-kidney axis.","authors":"Haiyan Jiang, Xiaoran Wang, Wei Zhou, Zhili Huang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1661037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1661037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, with its prevalence on the rise. Recent evidence has highlighted the crucial involvement of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD, mediated through the gut-kidney axis. At the core of this process is a dynamic network involving metabolic, immune, and barrier dysfunction. Renal impairment-such as that seen in uremia-disrupts gut microbial composition and metabolic function. In turn, dysbiosis compromises intestinal barrier integrity, resulting in increased exposure to endotoxins and a reduction in the production of beneficial metabolites, notably short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This triad manifests as: (1) impaired metabolism, marked by decreased SCFAs (e.g., acetate), which weaken anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, alongside an accumulation of uremic toxins like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that trigger inflammatory pathways and renal fibrosis; (2) immune dysregulation, where increased endotoxin translocation (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, LPS) provokes systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune cell infiltration (such as macrophages), contributing to renal inflammatory and fibrotic responses; and (3) barrier dysfunction, in which compromised intestinal barrier accelerates the translocation of detrimental microbial components, perpetuating a vicious cycle that exacerbates glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, and renal function decline.Collectively, metabolic, immune, and barrier alterations reinforce one another and drive DKD progression via gut-derived metabolites and immune activation. Targeted interventions aiming to modulate the GM-using probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics-show promise in improving metabolic profiles, restoring gut barrier function, and mitigating DKD phenotypes. This review systematically elucidates the metabolism-immunity-barrier mechanisms by which GM dysbiosis contributes to DKD and discusses the translational potential of microbiome-targeted therapies. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and assess their long-term clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1661037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report with Literature Review: Tumor-induced osteomalacia from a soft-tissue phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor of the trunk.","authors":"Huiyuan Tao, Zhimin Deng, Li Chen, Wenli Wang, Yuqing Zhou, Yue Wu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1655376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1655376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), a type of acquired hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, is brought on by tumors producing excessive levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, which raises renal phosphorus excretion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a review of the literature, we have outlined the clinical characteristics of 33 patients with soft-tissue TIO of the trunk and described a case of TIO brought on by a soft-tissue tumor on the back.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 63-year-old woman who had been experiencing generalized bone pain for approximately three years visited the hospital. Physical examination revealed a round mass on the back measuring approximately 2 × 2 cm. Laboratory tests showed low blood phosphorus, elevated synchronous urinary phosphorus, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. The mass was detected using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, and it was subsequently surgically excised. Following surgery, phosphate levels returned to normal, bone pain was relieved, and pathology confirmed phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT). A literature review identified only 33 cases of soft-tissue TIO occurring in the trunk, with a mean age of 49.7 ± 15.6 years and a male-to-female ratio of 23:10. Bone pain was present in 91% of patients, and diagnostic delay of more than two years was observed in 72.4% of cases. The mean preoperative serum phosphorus level was 0.48 ± 0.137 mmol/L, and the median tumor size was 3 cm (IQR: 2-4.65 cm). Postoperative remission of biochemical indices and clinical symptoms was observed in 96.9% of patients, with no recurrence during the follow-up period. The majority of tumors (72.7%) were pathologically diagnosed as PMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Soft-tissue TIO of the trunk is rare. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of TIO in patients with unexplained bone pain and hypophosphatemia and should promptly perform appropriate examinations to avoid missed diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1655376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endocrine spectrum of Rathke cleft cysts.","authors":"Natalia Rzewuska, Jacek Kunicki, Michał Kunicki","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1630695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1630695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are rare non-neoplastic lesions of the pituitary gland. Usually, these cysts are small and remain asymptomatic clinically. For unknown reasons, in some cases, RCCs enlarge and cause symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, and pituitary gland dysfunctions. The literature lacks comprehensive reviews or guidelines that summarize clinicians' knowledge about hormonal assessment in symptomatic cases. We present a review of the literature focused on symptomatic cases of RCCs, manifesting with hormonal imbalance. Hormonal symptoms occur in 19.4-81% of symptomatic cases. The most common hormonal dysfunction is hyperprolactinemia, found in even 46% of cases, and the second most frequent is hypogonadism. The improvement after surgery is hesitant, between 19% and 67.8%, and is the worst in secondary hypothyroidism. In the pediatric patient group, hormonal dysfunctions are the most common presentation of such a lesion. Dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland in the course of symptomatic RCCs can result in treatment-resistant arginine vasopressin deficiency and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. It should be emphasized that among the endocrine disorders of RCCs in young premenopausal women, menstrual disorders and related fertility problems are prevalent. Irregular menstrual cycles or amenorrhea are reported in up to 17% of symptomatic RCCs. Endocrinologists and neurosurgeons must be acutely aware of hormonal imbalances in RCCs and conduct hormonal evaluations in every case of symptomatic RCC to enhance the management of these lesions. Guidelines for managing symptomatic cases of RCC are necessary to improve patient care and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1630695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Yifen Zhang, Fan Zhang, Wenjian Li","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1626241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1626241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim was to gain new insights into preventing and treating sarcopenia in CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized data from two cohorts, including the NHANES 2011-2018 cohort in the United States and the 2018-2023 cohort in China. After applying uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, 827 patients with CKD in the US cohort and 1,038 patients with CKD in the Chinese cohort were ultimately included in the study. The relationship between the TyG index and sarcopenia was analyzed using logistic regression modeling and multivariate adjustment. The dose-response relationship was also explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to investigate the potential heterogeneity among different characteristic subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TyG index was found to be significantly and positively associated with sarcopenia in patients with CKD in both the United States and Chinese cohorts. In the US cohort, the risk of sarcopenia was increased 4.01-fold in the highest TyG quartile group compared with the lowest quartile group (P=0.002). In the Chinese cohort, the corresponding risk was increased 3.25-fold (P<0.001). Furthermore, the RCS analysis corroborated the nonlinear positive association. Subgroup analyses revealed that the correlation between TyG and sarcopenia was more pronounced in patients without diabetes and without metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing sarcopenia in CKD patients, thereby supporting the critical role of insulin resistance in developing sarcopenia. Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which TyG is associated with sarcopenia and to develop tailored intervention strategies for different patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1626241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphenoid sinus hyperpneumatization: anatomical variants, molecular blueprints, and AI-augmented roadmaps for skull base surgery.","authors":"Andra Ioana Baloiu, Florin Filipoiu, Corneliu Toader, Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Octavian Munteanu, Matei Serban","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1634206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1634206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sphenoid sinus is a complex part of the skull base that has a high degree of anatomical variation, the most interesting of which occurs with hyperpneumatization, in which pneumatized air cells extend beyond their normal limits into the clivus, pterygoid processes, and sphenoidal wings. These hard to note hyperpneumatized imaging variants are disregarded in routine imaging but have potential to grossly alter important neurovascular landmarks, which is a challenge for the precision and safety of transsphenoidal surgical approaches. In this review, we provide an exten- sive, state-of-the-art investigation of sphenoid sinus hyperpneumatization, synthesizing novel pri- mary research discoveries with primordial radiological, anatomical, and clinical intrepidity. Our exploration to unravel the embryological basis for sinus development elicits an intricate balancing act between osteoclastic activity and the myriads of molecular actors such as RANKL/OPG, SHH, and BMP signaling pathways that delineate pneumatization in the skull base system. We demon- strate via in-depth radiological analysis how high-resolution CT (HRCT), dual-energy CT (DECT), and 7T MRI furnish unparalleled visualization of these variants, allowing identification of involved thinned bony walls, dehiscent canals, and high-risk zones for neurovascular insults. Clinically hy- perpneumatization is not just an anatomical curiosity, it may foreshadow operative complications and neurological symptoms. We discuss how it complicates endoscopic transsphenoidal ap- proaches and may increase the risk of internal carotid artery (ICA) injury, optic nerve impingement, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Surgical advances such as AR/VR-assisted neuronavigation and hydroxyapatite-based skull base reinforcement techniques are explored for their potential to de-risk these procedures and improve outcomes. Proactively, we propose that the future of sphenoid sinus hyperpneumatization research be one that adopts AI-driven morphometric analyses, clinically standardized classification systems, and longitudinal clinical studies to dissect its pathophysiolog- ical mysteries. This paper aims to develop an understanding of this omitted but clinically important anatomical variant by integrating basic anatomical principles with technology in order to provide clinicians, researchers, and surgical teams with a more nuanced, applicable exploration of the topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1634206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}