Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Research progress on the adverse effects of high-altitude environment to the male reproductive system: a review study.","authors":"Dong-Dong Meng, Yin-Dong Kang, De-Hui Chang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1573502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1573502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of people are being exposed to high-altitude environments as they become more important in economic development, resource exploitation, and other areas. This review is focused on the impact of the high-altitude environment on the male reproductive system. In high-altitude areas, the unique conditions lead to complex and significant changes in male reproductive hormone levels. The secretion of GnRH is inhibited, which in turn affects the levels of FSH and LH, ultimately influencing testosterone synthesis and secretion, thus disrupting the normal endocrine regulatory network. Testicular tissue also shows marked morphological changes. The seminiferous tubule structure becomes disordered, and the number and function of spermatogenic and interstitial cells are damaged. These alterations have a direct impact on sperm quality, resulting in a decrease in sperm density and motility, an increase in the deformity rate, and damage to genetic material integrity. Additionally, sexual function is affected, with symptoms such as decreased libido and erectile dysfunction being common. The underlying mechanisms involve oxidative stress damage, an abnormal increase in apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy. Nevertheless, current research, especially human-based studies, is restricted by small sample sizes and insufficiently in-depth exploration of these mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1573502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in transgender and gender diverse youth: a systematic review.","authors":"Gianluca Tornese, Raffaella Di Mase, Jessica Munarin, Silvia Ciancia, Fabiana Santamaria, Daniela Fava, Egidio Candela, Donatella Capalbo, Carla Ungaro, Nicola Improda, Pierluigi Diana, Patrizia Matarazzo, Laura Guazzarotti, Tommaso Toschetti, Vanessa Sambati, Gianluca Tamaro, Giulia Bresciani, Maria Rosaria Licenziati, Maria Elisabeth Street, Tommaso Aversa, Maurizio Delvecchio, Maria Felicia Faienza, Lorenzo Iughetti, Valeria Calcaterra, Luisa de Sanctis, Mariacarolina Salerno, Roberto Franceschi","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1555186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1555186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Puberty suppression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) is a reversible medical intervention that halts endogenous puberty, allowing transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents to avoid the development of secondary sexual characteristics that may cause psychological distress. This pause in pubertal progression provides time to explore gender identity or facilitates alignment with affirmed gender in those with an established identity. While widely used, long-term evidence on the efficacy and safety of GnRHa in this population remains limited. This systematic review aims to synthesize current data on the benefits and potential risks of GnRHa in TGD adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and other databases, covering studies published from February 2011 to February 2024. Eligible studies included adolescents under 18 with gender dysphoria or incongruence treated with GnRHa, reporting outcomes related to efficacy or side effects. Fifty-one studies met inclusion criteria, and data on physical health, mental health, bone density, fertility, and adverse events were extracted and assessed using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 51 studies, 22 were rated as moderate to high-quality evidence. GnRHa effectively suppressed puberty and secondary sex characteristics. Effects on growth and body composition varied; bone mineral density declined during treatment, particularly in AMAB individuals. Mental health improved significantly, including reduced depression, anxiety, and suicidality-especially when GnRHa was followed by gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Quality of life improved over time, while body dissatisfaction often persisted during suppression and improved after GAHT or surgery. No moderate- or high-quality evidence was found on fertility, sexual function, or cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GnRHa is effective in halting puberty and improving mental health in TGD adolescents. However, key clinical and ethical considerations-such as bone health monitoring, fertility counseling, psychological support, and informed decision-making-must guide treatment. Long-term safety remains uncertain, particularly regarding skeletal health, reproductive outcomes and cancer risk. A precision medicine approach and co-produced longitudinal studies are essential to support safe, individualized care.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier CRD42024528334.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1555186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial and physiological health outcomes of outdoor green exercise versus indoor exercise in knee osteoarthritis patients coexisting with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Yilin Jin, Xiang Geng, Qiaojie Wang, Feng Xue, Shengdi Lu, Lihua Huang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1560536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1560536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both physical activity and nature exposure are associated with several health benefits for both knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the health outcomes when being physically active in nature, called green exercise (GE), are less clear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychosocial and physiological outcomes for green exercise in KOA patients coexisting with T2DM compared to indoor exercise.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel, multi-center clinical trial conducted at two hospitals in Shanghai that included 82 patients T2DM and KOA. Enrollment occurred between January 2020 and March 2022, and follow-up was completed October 2022. Participants were randomized to outdoor green cycling (OGC) group and indoor stationary cycling (ISC) group. Psychosocial and physiological health outcomes were evaluated through questionnaires comprising standard international measures of self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale [RSE]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), mood (Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and nature relatedness (Nature Relatedness Scale - short-form version). Participants' enjoyment of exercise and intention for a future exercise behavior was measured in a questionnaire using a 100mm visual analogue scale as a continuum from 0 - 'not at all' to 100 - 'very much'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 82 patients, 74 (90.2%) completed the trial. By 24 weeks, the OGC group showed a greater reduction in perceived stress (3.7 vs. 2.8, P = 0.007), and total mood disturbance (POMS) scores decreased more in the OGC group (-7.2 vs. -6.1, P = 0.030). Tension and depression subscales also showed greater reductions in the OGC group (P < 0.001 for both), along with higher improvements in vigor (10.2 vs. 8.1, P < 0.001). Enjoyment of exercise was slightly higher in the OGC group, though this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.061), and their intention to continue exercising was also significantly stronger (P = 0.021). Participants in OGC group achieved significant decrease of HbA1c than participants in ISC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green exercise offers an accessible provision for improving short-term psychological wellbeing than indoor exercises.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100042872.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1560536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral blood flow based on 3D-ASL technology in the early detection of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study.","authors":"Tingzhou Hou, Yijie Wang, Hanwen Xu, Zhenyu Shu, Xiaodong He, Xiaohong Wu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1576998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1576998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and earlier recognition is crucial for timely intervention and improving patients' quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to characterize changes in cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) based on 3D-arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) measurements in T2DM with MCI, and to assess their potential as markers for early prediction of MCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 30 T2DM patients stratified into T2DM-MCI and T2DM-nMCI groups using MMSE/MoCA. MRI assessed cerebral WMH volume (T2-FLAIR) and regional CBF (3D-ASL) in temporal, parietal, occipital, and hippocampal areas. Group differences in WMH/CBF were analyzed, ROC evaluated CBF's diagnostic efficacy for MCI, and CBF-cognition correlations were assessed via Spearman's analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cranial MRI analysis shows that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of total cerebral WMH volume and regional volume (P>0.05). CBF in the temporal, parietal, occipital, and hippocampal regions was significantly lower in the T2DM-MCI group than in the T2DM-nMCI group (P<0.05). ROC analysis revealed that CBF in the hippocampus had the highest diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.813, optimal cutoff value of 41.165 ml/(100 g·min), sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 80.0%). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that CBF in the temporal, parietal, occipital, and hippocampal regions was significantly and positively correlated with MoCA scores (P < 0.05), with temporal and parietal CBF also significantly and positively correlated with MMSE scores (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBF, based on 3D-ASL measurements, especially in the hippocampus, is a promising functional marker for identifying MCI in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1576998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Circadian rhythm in adrenal endocrinology.","authors":"Birgit Harbeck","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1620570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1620570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1620570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors for efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: an observational cohort study and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jian Wang, Xiangling Wang, Yunxia Chu, Shuguang Li, Jing Hao","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1595151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1595151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (OX-CT) has shown promising antitumor activity in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WD-NETs). However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to explore the factors associated with ORR and PFS of OX-CT, and data are still limited in Chinese cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study with advanced WD-NETs who received OX-CT. We also conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to explore factors associated with ORR and PFS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27 patients were included, with 21 receiving OX-CT as first line. Furthermore, 18 were of pancreas origin, and the median Ki-67 was 30%. The ORR and DCR were 29.6% and 81.5%, respectively. The median PFS was 9.3 months (95%CI: 4.6-14.0), and OS was not reached. A Ki-67 value >10% predicted higher ORR (36.4% vs. 0.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.28) and better PFS (10.0 vs. 2.1 months, <i>p</i> = 0.06). Patients with hepatic tumor burden ≤25% had a similar ORR (33.3% vs. 22.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.68), but with a trend of longer PFS (10.2 vs. 4.7 months, <i>p</i> = 0.21) than those >25%. Both ORR and PFS were independent of MGMT status. A total of 962 patients were included in the systemic review. The pooled ORR (28.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.84) and DCR (82.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.85) were comparable with this cohort. No difference was observed between GEMOX and FOLFOX/CAPOX in both ORR (23.9% vs. 29.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.19) and PFS (10.5 vs. 11.8 months, <i>p</i> = 0.69). Enhanced ORR was seen in pNETs than epNETs (36.8% vs. 16.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and also in G3 NETs than G1-2 NETs (45.5% vs. 24.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The pooled median PFS and OS were 10.8 months (95%CI: 8.8-12.8) and 30.4 months (95%CI: 24.8-35.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy could be a good option for advanced WD-NETs with high Ki-67 index and pancreatic origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1595151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trained immunity in diabetes: emerging targets for cardiovascular complications.","authors":"Yanan Bai, Jianglan Wu, Weixiong Jian","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1533620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1533620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Diabetes-induced inflammation significantly compromises cardiovascular health, greatly increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. The increasing prevalence of harmful lifestyle habits and overconsumption has contributed substantially to the global rise in diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases, creating a significant economic and healthcare burden. Although current therapeutic strategies focus on blood glucose control and metabolic regulation, clinical observations show that diabetic patients still face persistent residual risk of AS even after achieving metabolic stability. Recent studies suggest that this phenomenon is linked to diabetes-induced trained immunity. Diabetes can induce trained immunity in bone marrow progenitor cells and myeloid cells, thus promoting the long-term development of AS. This article first introduces the concept and molecular mechanisms of trained immunity, with particular emphasis on metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, which plays a crucial role in sustaining chronic inflammation during trained immunity. Next, it summarizes the involvement of trained immunity in diabetes and its contribution to AS, outlining the cell types that can be trained in AS. Finally, it discusses the connection between diabetes-induced trained immunity and AS, as well as the potential of targeting trained immunity as an intervention strategy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of trained immunity and their impact on disease progression may provide innovative strategies to address the persistent clinical challenges in managing diabetes and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1533620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes in freeze-all versus fresh embryo transfer cycles of women with adenomyosis and endometriosis: a systemic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yixian Han, Chang Liu, Dong Liu, Lukanxuan Wu, Wei Huang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1507252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1507252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis (EMS) and adenomyosis have adverse effects on women's fertility. <i>In vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are effective treatments for these diseases. Research has shown that different embryo transfer strategies in IVF/ICSI can influence gestational outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of freeze-all embryo transfer (FET) versus fresh embryo transfer (ET) strategies in IVF/ICSI cycles for infertile women with EMS and adenomyosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Chinese databases to identify studies examining different embryo transfer strategies in IVF/ICSI cycles among patients with EMS and adenomyosis. The outcomes analyzed included rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with EMS, the results demonstrated that the FET strategy yielded higher clinical pregnancy (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.40), live birth rates (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.49), and implantation rates (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.54) compared to the fresh ET strategy. The miscarriage rate (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.52) and the ectopic pregnancy rate (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.07) were comparable between groups. For the group of women with adenomyosis, the IVF/ICSI outcomes were comparable between the FET and fresh ET strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In IVF/ICSI, the FET strategy has been associated with more favorable reproductive outcomes compared to the fresh ET strategy in women with EMS. Whereas in women with adenomyosis, pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the FET and fresh ET groups.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024563268, identifier CRD42024563268.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1507252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frozen-thawed double cleavage-stage or frozen-thawed single day 6 blastocyst stage embryo transfer: which is preferable for patients younger than 35 without day 5 blastocyst formation?","authors":"Yan Liu, Taojun Wang, Shanjun Dai, Hao Shi, Yingpu Sun","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1473854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1473854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the clinical outcomes between frozen-thawed cleavage embryo transfer and frozen-thawed day 6 blastocyst transfer in patients younger than 35 using the freeze-all strategy without day 5 blastocyst formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational analysis performed between January 2018 and December 2022 at the Reproductive and Genetic Specialist Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 576 patients younger than 35 who used the \"freeze-all strategy\" but produced no day 5 blastocysts were recruited. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the number and stage of the transferred embryos: double cleavage-stage embryos (Group A), single good-quality day 6 blastocysts (Group B) and single inferior-quality day 6 blastocysts (Group C),and several pregnancy outcomes were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups A and B exhibited significantly higher chemical (73.7%, 67.0% versus 51.9%) and clinical pregnancy rates (69.0%, 59.4% versus 44.2%) than Group C. The implantation rate was significantly higher in Group B than in Groups A and C (59.4% versus 45.7%, 43.5%). The live birth rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group C (59.2% versus 48.1%). The multiple pregnancy rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Groups B and C (34.4% versus 1.6%, 1.5%). The early miscarriage rate was significantly higher in Group C than in Group A and Group B (23.5% versus 8.7%, 12.7%). Premature delivery rates, late miscarriage rates and ectopic pregnancy rates were comparable across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single good quality day 6 blastocyst transfer was the preferable strategy for the freeze-all strategy patients who younger than 35 and without day 5 blastocyst formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1473854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum concentrations of medroxyprogesterone acetate were undetectable on OPU+5 days and had no effect on the serum progesterone level in patients undergoing the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol.","authors":"Xin Chen, Xu Yan, Hongyi Xu, Yueyue Hu, Shengfang Jiang, Xiaoning Wang, Haiying Peng, Bo Feng, Changjun Zhang, Honglu Diao, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1490839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1490839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the dynamics of serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations and their influence on serum progesterone (P) levels and pregnancy outcomes in the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol. A total of 116 patients who underwent <i>in vitro</i> fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment using the PPOS protocol were included. Serum MPA levels were measured on the third, fifth, and seventh days of MPA use; on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger; and two and five days after oocyte pick-up (OPU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum MPA concentration was 2.26 ± 2.11 nmol/L on the hCG trigger day, 0.37 ± 0.40 nmol/L two days after OPU, and zero five days after OPU. There were no statistically significant differences in P levels on the hCG trigger day, total dosage of Gn, duration of Gn, number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes, fertilization rate, blastocyst progression rate, CPR, ectopic pregnancy rate, early pregnancy loss rate, or live birth rate (LBR) between the two cohorts (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum concentrations of MPA had no effect on serum P levels or pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing the PPOS protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1490839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}