Frontiers in Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"A novel LC-MS/MS analysis of vitamin D metabolites in mice serum and hair: impact of diet and light exposure.","authors":"Muhammad K Hakeem, Asma Al-Menhali, Sampath K Elangovan, Iltaf Shah","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1494393","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1494393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Numerous physiological systems, such as the functioning of the immune system, bone health, and the regulation of expression of genes, depend critically on vitamin D. Considering the significance of vitamin D for health, it is critical to understand how it is metabolized and the factors that affect its levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The objective of this study was to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method to examine the effects of light exposure and dietary vitamin D consumption on the levels of vitamin D and its metabolites in a mouse model under consistent growth conditions throughout the year. Serum and hair samples from mice were analyzed under various experimental conditions for vitamin D and its metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The experimental conditions included a vitamin D-deficient diet, a vitamin D-standard diet, and changes in ambient light exposure ranging from complete darkness to a regular light-dark cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice fed a standard vitamin D diet and exposed to a regular light-dark cycle exhibited significantly higher levels of 25OHD₃ in both serum and hair, indicating the synergistic effect of dietary vitamin D intake and light exposure. Mice fed a standard vitamin D diet but kept in continuous darkness showed moderately elevated 25OHD₃ levels, demonstrating the efficacy of dietary vitamin D in maintaining adequate levels despite the absence of light. Conversely, mice fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and housed in darkness displayed 25OHD₃ levels below the limit of quantification, highlighting the combined detrimental effects of dietary deficiency and lack of light exposure.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between dietary vitamin D intake, light exposure, and the regulation of vitamin D metabolism in mice. Moreover, our results underscore the potential implications for human health, suggesting the importance of adequate vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure in maintaining optimal vitamin D levels. Further research in this area has the potential to unveil additional factors influencing vitamin D metabolism, offering valuable insights into strategies for optimizing vitamin D levels in both animal models and human subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1494393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging -based radiomics of the pituitary gland is highly predictive of precocious puberty in girls: a pilot study.","authors":"Michele Maddalo, Maddalena Petraroli, Francesca Ormitti, Alice Fulgoni, Margherita Gnocchi, Marco Masetti, Eugenia Borgia, Benedetta Piccolo, Emanuela C Turco, Viviana D Patianna, Nicola Sverzellati, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Ghetti, Maria E Street","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1496554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1496554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to explore a radiomic model that could assist physicians in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP). A predictive model based on radiomic features (RFs), extracted form magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland, was thus developed to distinguish between CPP and control subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>45 girls with confirmed diagnosis of CPP (CA:8.4 ± 0.9 yr) according to the current criteria and 47 age-matched pre-pubertal control subjects (CA:8.7 ± 1.2 yr) were retrospectively enrolled. Two readers (R1, R2) blindly segmented the pituitary gland on MRI studies for RFs and performed a manual estimation of the pituitary volume. Radiomics was compared against pituitary volume in terms of predictive performances (metrics: ROC-AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) and reliability (metric: intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Pearson correlation between RFs and auxological, biochemical, and ultrasound data was also computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two different radiomic parameters, Shape Surface Volume Ratio and Glrlm Gray Level Non-Uniformity, predicted CPP with a high diagnostic accuracy (ROC-AUC 0.81 ± 0.08) through the application of our ML algorithm. Anthropometric variables were not confounding factors of these RFs suggesting that premature thelarche and/or pubarche would not be potentially misclassified. The selected RFs correlated with baseline and peak LH (p < 0.05) after GnRH stimulation. The diagnostic sensitivity was improved compared to pituitary volume only (0.76 versus 0.68, p<0.001) and demonstrated higher inter-reader reliability (ICC>0.57 versus ICC=0.46).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Radiomics is a promising tool to diagnose CPP as it reflects also functional aspects. Further studies are warranted to validate these preliminary data.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1496554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Insights in female reproductive longevity.","authors":"Takashi Minegishi","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1556565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1556565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1556565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endogenous hydrogen gas (H₂) drives women's health: a comment on \"Gut bacteria convert glucocorticoids into progestins in the presence of hydrogen gas\".","authors":"Shuangling Yang, Jiongshan Zhang, Luyao Xu, Yajie Guan, Chun Fang, Shuhui Zheng, Hongzhi Yang, Haimei Liu, Yaxing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1504814","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1504814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1504814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in discharged patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: one-year follow-up and evaluation.","authors":"Enrong Ran, Yutong Zou, Chuanyi Zhao, Kai Liu, Jiamin Yuan, Wenjie Yang, Lijun Zhao, Qing Yang, Jia Yang, Xuegui Ju, Linli Cai, Yanlin Lang, Xingyuan Li, Ke Liu, Fang Liu","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1519993","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1519993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the all-cause mortality rate and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) following hospital discharge for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center prospective observational study included 187 discharged COVID-19 patients with diabetes and CKD, admitted between December 2022 and January 2023 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Cox regression analysis was used to assess mortality risk, and logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for rapid CKD progression after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the one-year follow-up, the all-cause mortality rate was 26.7%, with a COVID-19-related acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence of 35.3%, and 35.8% of patients experienced rapid CKD progression after discharge. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated that sepsis and mechanical ventilation were major risk factors for post-discharge all-cause mortality. Logistic regression identified baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² as an independent risk factor for rapid CKD progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the one-year follow-up period, we observed that patients with diabetes and CKD exhibited higher all-cause mortality and experienced rapid deterioration of kidney function after acute infection with COVID-19. This underscores the importance of ongoing longitudinal follow-up to more accurately track the long-term health effects of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes and CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1519993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and neurofibromatosis type 1: assessing causation versus coincidence. Case report.","authors":"Mercedes Aguilar-Soto, Julia M Zuarth-Vázquez, Laura Leyva-Figueroa, Karla Zarco-Ávila, Armando Gamboa-Domínguez, Aldo Eguiluz-Melendez, Laura C Hernández-Ramírez","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1483305","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1483305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at risk for developing various neoplasms. Since the early twentieth century, multiple cases of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) occurring in this context have been published. Yet, the role of <i>NF1</i> (17q11.2) loss-of-function (LOF) variants in pituitary tumorigenesis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a case of PitNET diagnosed in a patient with NF1. We also review the available data for and against a causal association between <i>NF1</i> defects and pituitary tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our patient was recruited via an ongoing prospective study of individuals with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Genetic testing was carried out by means of targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing in blood and tumor DNA, respectively. <i>NF1</i> expression was analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in blood and tumor cDNA. Similar cases were searched in the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 54-year-old-man was incidentally diagnosed with a clinically non-functioning PitNET via brain imaging. He had a personal and family history of NF1 and carried the germline pathogenic variant <i>NF1</i> (NM_001042492.3): c.147C>A, p.Y49*. Via transsphenoidal surgery, a 16 mm lesion was resected, showing strong granular cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with patchy distribution for NF1 and preserved heterozygosity for the <i>NF1</i> defect. Additional NGS ruled out germline defects in PitNET-associated genes. By qPCR, <i>NF1</i> was significantly overexpressed in the tumor when compared with another NF-PitNET, but not when compared with a corticotropinoma. We reviewed twenty-three case reports of PitNETs occurring in patients with either clinical NF1 without genetic study, individuals with <i>NF1</i> germline variants with or without clinical NF1 or associated with somatic <i>NF1</i> defects. Predominance of GH-secreting and large PitNETs, with young-onset in around half of the cases, were noticed. Two individuals developed multiple endocrine neoplasia-like phenotypes but tested negative for other relevant genetic defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the association of NF1 and PitNETs could be coincidental, the clinical characteristics of the reviewed cases differ from those of typical incidentalomas. <i>NF1</i> could drive pituitary tumorigenesis via haploinsufficiency, but this hypothesis requires further research. Additional clinical and molecular data from large cohorts of affected individuals should help clarify this question.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1483305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the novel role of circadian rhythms in sepsis and septic shock: unexplored implications for chronotherapy.","authors":"Stewart D Ramsay, Marni A Nenke, Emily J Meyer, David J Torpy, Richard L Young","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1508848","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1508848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are critical to coordinating body processes to external environmental cues, such as light and feeding, to ensure efficiency and maintain optimal health. These rhythms are controlled by 'clock' transcription factors, such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1/2, Cry1/2, and Rev-erbs, which are present in almost every tissue. In modern society, disruptions to normal circadian rhythms are increasingly prevalent due to extended lighting, shift work, and long-distance travel. These disruptions misalign external cues to body processes and contribute to diseases such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. They also exacerbate pre-existing health issues, such as depression and inflammatory bowel disease. The normal inflammatory response to acute infection displays remarkable circadian rhythmicity in humans with increased inflammatory activity during the normal night or rest period. Severe bloodborne infections, exemplified in sepsis and the progression to septic shock, can not only disrupt the circadian rhythmicity of inflammatory processes but can be exacerbated by circadian misalignment. Examples of circadian disruptions during sepsis and septic shock include alteration or loss of hormonal rhythms controlling blood pressure and inflammation, white blood cell counts, and cytokine secretions. These changes to circadian rhythms hinder sepsis and septic shock recovery and also increase mortality. Chronotherapy and chronopharmacotherapy are promising approaches to resynchronise circadian rhythms or leverage circadian rhythms to optimise medication efficacy, respectively, and hold much potential in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. Despite knowledge of how circadian rhythms change in these grave conditions, very little research has been undertaken on the use of these therapies in support of sepsis management. This review details the circadian disruptions associated with sepsis and septic shock, the influence they have on morbidity and mortality, and the potential clinical benefits of circadian-modulating therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1508848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of incretin drugs on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity and with/without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Song Liu, Jiaqiang Hu, Chen Zhao, Hang Liu, Chunyang He","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1513641","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1513641","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The rapid development of multi-receptor drugs targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is driving significant advancements in the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of multi-receptor drugs in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databases up to May 12, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with an intervention duration of at least 12 weeks were included. The population of interest consisted of individuals with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes. Eligible studies compared multi-receptor drugs with placebo or other multi-receptor drugs. The primary outcomes were weight reduction, glycated hemoglobin (HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt;), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure changes, and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB2), and a random-effects network meta-analysis was performed using the frequentist approach. Confidence in effect estimates was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 24 trials, involving 9165 participants, were included. Retatrutide (mean difference (MD): -11.91 kg, 95% CI: -19.00 to -4.82, P-score: 0.80, p: 0.0003) and Tirzepatide (MD: -12.78 kg, 95% CI: -16.10 to -9.46, P-score: 0.89, p &lt; 0.0001) exhibited superior efficacy in reducing body weight, with all other agents except Mazdutide (MD: -5.31 kg, 95% CI: -9.78 to -0.84, P-score: 0.37, p: 0.0189) achieving reductions of over 8 kg. In patients with type 2 diabetes, all agents reduced HbA&lt;sub&gt;1c&lt;/sub&gt; by over 1%, with Tirzepatide (MD: -1.87%, 95% CI: -2.15 to -1.59, P-score: 0.87, p &lt; 0.0001) and Mazdutide (MD: -1.89%, 95% CI: -2.43 to -1.35, P-score: 0.88, p &lt; 0.0001) showing the greatest effects on glycemic control. For blood pressure management, Tirzepatide significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (MD: -6.69 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.62 to -5.75, P-score: 0.84, p &lt; 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: -3.73 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.75 to -2.71, P-score: 0.92, p &lt; 0.0001), with nearly all agents lowering systolic blood pressure by more than 5 mmHg. Non-diabetic participants showed more pronounced improvements in both weight and blood pressure. Safety analysis revealed that Tirzepatide had a favorable safety profile and all agents showed no significant impact on serious adverse events compared to placebo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Multi-receptor drugs demonstrated substantial therapeutic potential in weight management, glycemic control, and blood pressure regulation in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without diabetes, with a generally favorable safety profile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systematic review regis","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1513641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Hypertension in obese women: gender-specific challenges and solutions.","authors":"Santiago Cuevas, Jussara M Do Carmo, Rodrigo O Marañón","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1558754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1558754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1558754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular disease risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage 1 to 3: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yue Song, Yinfei Lu, Tao Liu, Ping Yin","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1517658","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1517658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major contributor to the global disease burden. Previous studies have established a link between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and CVD. However, it remains unclear whether cumulative AIP and AIP control influence the future incidence of CVD in individuals with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This study aims to explore the association between cumulative AIP, AIP control levels, and the risk of CVD in individuals with CKM syndrome from stages 1 to 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with CKM syndrome were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cumulative AIP was calculated using triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while AIP control levels were categorized into four groups via k-means clustering. CVD was defined by self-reported heart disease or stroke. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the association between AIP and incident CVD in individuals with CKM syndrome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 793 participants (18.84%) developed CVD. After adjusting for confounders, cumulative AIP were associated with the developing CVD (OR=1.139, 95% CI: 1.017-1.275, P=0.0245). Compared to group 1 (best AIP control), the OR (95% CI) for incident CVD were 1.278 (0.959-1.702) for group 2, 1.329 (1.076-1.641) for group 3, and 1.195 (0.974-1.465) for group 4. Restricted cubic spline regression indicated the relationship between cumulative AIP and CVD risk is linear (P for nonlinear = 0.3377).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In middle-aged and elderly individuals with CKM syndrome, higher cumulative AIP and poorer AIP control were associated with an elevated incidence of CVD. These findings suggest that enhanced assessment of the AIP index could inform targeted prevention strategies for CVD in the context of CKM syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12447,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1517658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}