Food Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Mycochemical profiles and bioactivities of Fistulina hepatica and Volvopluteus gloiocephalus from Serbia: Antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic potentials","authors":"Milena Rašeta ,&nbsp;Jovana Mišković ,&nbsp;Marko Kebert ,&nbsp;Sanja Berežni ,&nbsp;Sanja Krstić ,&nbsp;Gordana Gojgić-Cvijović ,&nbsp;Teresa Pirker ,&nbsp;Rudolf Bauer ,&nbsp;Maja Karaman","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungi represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds, offering potential applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. <em>Fistulina hepatica</em> (Schaeff.) With. and <em>Volvopluteus gloiocephalus</em> (DC.) Vizzini, Contu &amp; Justo, two autochthonous fungi from Serbia, remain underexplored for their mycochemical composition and biological activities. This study aims to evaluate their bioactive potential, emphasizing antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties. Extracts from <em>F. hepatica</em> and <em>V. gloiocephalus</em> were obtained using solvents of different polarities (acetone, CHCl₃, 80% MeOH, 70% EtOH, H₂O and PSH), and dried fruiting bodies were subjected to chemical analysis. The chemical analyses included Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis with mycroanalysis, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) profiling. While AAS profiling of minerals was conducted on the dried fruiting bodies, all other analyses were performed on the extracts. <em>In vitro</em> assays were performed to assess the antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells, and digestive enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) of the extracts.</div><div>Both fungi exhibited significant antioxidant activity comparable to the standard antioxidant compound propyl gallate. Additionally, extracts showed potent enzyme inhibition, including hypoglycemic and lipase activities, indicating their potential as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents, particularly in <em>F. hepatica</em>. Conversely, the acetone extract of <em>V. gloiocephalus</em> demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cancer cells. PCA analysis confirmed correlations between bioactive compounds and bioactivities.</div><div>These findings highlight the potential of <em>F. hepatica</em> and <em>V. gloiocephalus</em> as promising sources of natural bioactive compounds with applications in addressing metabolic disorders, cancer and oxidative stress, as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of phytochemicals-rich Syzygium malaccense seed extract against H2O2 stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages","authors":"Manisha Chauhan ,&nbsp;Pradeep Singh Negi","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit seeds contain various phytochemicals, including polyphenols, tannins, and carotenoids, with exceptional antioxidant properties. This study aimed to extract polyphenols from green wax apple seeds and study their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in an <em>in-vitro</em> inflammatory model. The extracts showed potent antioxidant activities in ABTS, DPPH, NOS, and FRAP assays. The UPLC analysis revealed various phenolic compounds (Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, and ECG), and ultrasound-assisted extraction was found to be superior due to its higher extraction efficiency. In <em>in-vitro</em> assays in RAW264.7 cells, the aqueous UAE extract inhibited the NF-ĸB pathway by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines against H2O2-induced inflammation. The chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid strongly correlated with ABTS activity, and epicatechin gallate and vanillic acid correlated with antipathogenic activity. The high anti-oxidant, antipathogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities in the seed of <em>Syzygium malaccense</em> indicate its potential for utilization in functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio impairs intestinal mucosal barrier function via ROS/TLR4/NF-κB-mediated aberrant expression of tight junction proteins","authors":"Shumeng Du ,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Yuanfa Liu,&nbsp;Wei Yang,&nbsp;Zhan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imbalanced dietary fatty acid consumption, particularly the ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, is a key factor contributing to metabolic disorders, with the intestinal barrier playing a crucial role in this process. ω6 and ω3 PUFAs are essential for human health; however, the effects of different ω6/ω3 PUFA ratios on the intestinal mucosal barrier remain poorly understood. In this study, an intestinal barrier model was established using Caco-2 cells to investigate the effects of low (1:1), medium (5:1), and high (15:1) ω6/ω3 PUFA ratios on intestinal barrier function, with comparisons made to negative control (NC) group. The results demonstrated that treatment with the high ω6/ω3 PUFA ratio (15:1) significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell model, leading to enhanced oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB) inflammatory pathway was observed, exacerbating the inflammatory response and promoting the accumulation of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, the expression of tight junction proteins was inhibited, compromising the integrity of the Caco-2 cell model. These findings indicated that long-term consumption of excessive ω6 PUFAs and insufficient ω3 PUFAs (ω6/ω3 &gt; 5:1) may impair intestinal barrier function and increase the risk of chronic metabolic diseases. This study elucidated a potential mechanism by which the high ω6/ω3 PUFA ratio disrupted intestinal barrier function, providing insights into the importance of balanced intake of dietary fats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Based on metabolomics and fourier transforms near infrared spectroscopy characterization of Lanxangia tsaoko chemical profile differences among fruit types and development of rapid identification and nutrient prediction models","authors":"Deng-Ke Fu ,&nbsp;Wei-Ze Yang ,&nbsp;Mei-Quan Yang ,&nbsp;Tian-Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Yuan-Zhong Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex and diverse environments of <em>Lanxangia tsaoko</em> (LT) have given rise to a wide range of fruit types, however, there are some differences in chemical information between the different fruit types. The phenotypic data in this study showed that dry weight and long axis length are somewhat positively correlated with soluble sugar. Further UPLC-MS/MS-based broadly targeted metabolomics results showed that phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids and derivatives, terpenoids, and alkaloids differed most among the seven fruit types. Using fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) to characterize the chemical composition of different fruit types of LT and the 5400-4000 cm⁻¹ region was identified as the characteristic band for the different fruit types. Subsequently, three identification models, support vector machine (SVM), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), residual convolutional neural network (ResNet), were established in the fruit type recognition all show excellent performance. In particular, ResNet. The accuracies of synchronized 2DCOS images in full and single bands (10000-7600 cm⁻¹, 7600-5400 cm⁻¹ and 5400-4000 cm⁻¹) are 100% for both training and test sets. Compared to traditional machine learning models, ResNet does not require complex preprocessing and is a potentially fast way to identify different fruit types in LT. Finally, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict soluble sugars and soluble proteins in LT with optimal RPD values of 1.5393 and 1.4649, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allium sativum bioactives modulate AGE- RAGE signalling pathway to attenuate diabetic microvascular complications: An integrative computational pharmacogenomics approach","authors":"Saitharani Arumugam ,&nbsp;Karpagavel Lakshmanan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim &amp; objective</h3><div>To explore the action mechanism of phytochemicals found in <em><u>allium sativum</u></em> in treating diabetic microvascular complication based on molecular docking, theoretical prediction, network pharmacology, pharmacogenomics and gene expression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 112 phytochemical from <em><u>allium sativum</u></em> were docked and selected phytochemicals were checked for their physiochemical properties and theoretical prediction. After shortlisting, phytochemical disease targets related to Diabetic Microvascular Complications (DMVC) were identified and integrated with compound-target interactions to construct a comprehensive compound-target-disease network. This network was analysed for core targets and hub genes with subsequent pathway enrichment. Construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) (using cytoscape), Gene Ontology functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, followed by gene expression analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus using accession ID GSE251645 through GEO query limma R packages to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 60 bioactive components from <em>allium sativum</em> exhibited excellent binding energies (&gt;-4 kcal/mol). Twelve candidate compounds passed further screening and were linked to 914 target genes. Disease target analysis identified 2372 DMVC related genes. Core target analysis revealed 874 common targets between drug and disease, suggesting strong interactions and potential therapeutic relevance. PPI (Protein Protein interaction) network analysis identified key hub genes, including ESR1, MTOR, HSP90AA1, and others critical to DMVC pathology. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses highlighted significant biological processes and pathways including AGE-RAGE signalling. From GEO, differential gene expression (DEG) analysis provided insights into the significant regulation of genes related to DMVC, Genes such as MAPK3, NR1H2, CDK4, NOS3, GYS1, RELA, SLC2A, MMP28, PIM1, and PYGL were found to be down-regulated, while PIK3LA, PIK3RI, MAPKI, GSK3B, MAPK8, TGFBRI, JAK2, and PIK3LB were found to be up-regulated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study presents the first-ever comprehensive drug discovery pipeline targeting diabetic microvascular complications (DMVC) using <em>Allium sativum</em>. By integrating virtual screening, molecular docking, cheminformatics, toxicity prediction, pharmacogenomics, pathway, network analysis, gene expression analysis and <em>in silico</em> multi-omics integration, this study unveil novel molecular mechanisms for DMVC involving the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway using allium sativum. Thus, these findings offer an unprecedented framework for further experimental validation and potential drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides derived from phycocyanin in Arthrospira platensis","authors":"Lin Yuan ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Di Liu ,&nbsp;Wenzhu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides from phycocyanin in <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> were predicted and verified using molecular interaction techniques and electronic tongue. We here used virtual screening (including hydrolysis through the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis tool, water-solubility and toxicity screening using the Peptide property calculator and ToxinPred online tool), molecular docking with the TMC4 receptor, known for its ability to perceive salty taste, and electronic tongue analysis to identify salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides generated from phycocyanin. Peptides VAESNL and VVSQADTR exhibited a stronger salty taste than sodium chloride, while STAQIDA demonstrated saltiness-enhancing activity. The amino acids Arg330 and Arg424 were identified as crucial binding sites for salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides. This study identified novel salty and saltiness-enhancing peptides, analyzed their binding interactions, and provided new insights into the taste characteristics of phycocyanin-derived peptides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk-derived extract for skeletal muscle cell cultivation","authors":"Ai Shima,&nbsp;Haruka Oda,&nbsp;Shoji Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently skeletal muscle cell culture has been applied to construct large three-dimensional tissues such as cultivated meat. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a safe and inexpensive mass cell culture method. While fetal bovine serum has a high cell proliferation capacity and is essential for cell culture, it raises ethical concerns and may not be considered a food-grade ingredient. To overcome this issue, we explore the potential of using bovine milk-derived extract for skeletal muscle cell culture. Milk is produced and supplied on a large scale as a safe food product and known to contain various physiologically active substances. Here, we prepared two kinds of milk-derived extract by ultrafiltration of raw milk using two different molecular weight cut-off membranes (100 kDa or 1000 kDa). The proteins contained in these extracts were different from fetal bovine serum but promoted survival and proliferation of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and primary bovine myoblasts compared to basal media-only conditions. In addition, the cells gradually increased and underwent myogenic differentiation when cultured with those extracts for a long period. Therefore, we believe that the current milk-derived extract would be effective in cell culture for producing cultivated meat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key compounds and mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS2 in mitigating oxidative damage in INS-1 cells","authors":"Xinyi Huang ,&nbsp;Lishi Jiang ,&nbsp;Siheng Ren ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Luo ,&nbsp;Xiao Meng ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the key compounds and molecular mechanisms of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> (<em>L. plantarum</em>) SCS2 in reducing oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Intracellular peptides of ≤1 kDa from <em>L. plantarum</em> SCS2 were separated, refined, and characterized through liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Molecular docking identified peptides with strong binding affinity to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). After employing a siRNA to knock down Keap1 expression, the underlying mechanisms were explored using Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-three peptides were identified, with PA (SLLFPGGN) and PB (AFDAPIN) showing strong Keap1 binding. PA and PB activated the Keap1–Nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, increasing Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression and reducing oxidative damage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The intracellular peptides PA and PB of <em>L. plantarum</em> SCS2 could ameliorate oxidative damage in INS-1 cells through competitively binding to Keap1, thereby activating the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of new fermentation strains: Weissella confusa GTA22 and Weissella koreensis QAY6 on the quality of dough and steamed bread","authors":"Qifeng Wang,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang,&nbsp;Yumeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yunping Yao,&nbsp;Bin Dong,&nbsp;Guozhong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop novel fermentation strains for enhancing the texture and flavor of steamed bread, this study screened <em>Weissella confusa</em> GTA22 (WC) and <em>Weissella koreensis</em> QAY6 (WK) from five <em>Weissella</em> strains for single strain fermentation and co-fermentation experiments with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (SC). The results indicated that the fermentability of WK in dough reached approximately 81% of that of <em>S. cerevisiae</em>. Co-fermentation facilitated the production of organic acids, reduced the mobility of water molecules in dough, and made the protein network structure more ordered. In addition, the flavor (aroma and taste) score of steamed bread in WC + SC group was 23.65% higher than that of steamed bread in SC group, which was the most popular in sensory evaluation, and its overall acceptability was 8.05 points. The steamed bread of WK + SC group was the softest, with a specific volume of 2.64 ± 0.10 mL/g. Meanwhile, <em>W. confusa</em> GTA22 and <em>W. koreensis</em> QAY6 exhibit considerable potential as single strain fermentation agents for dough.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of molecular weight specific chromatogram of Ganoderma glycopeptide and its application in extract","authors":"Hongjian Luo ,&nbsp;Shuqian Lin ,&nbsp;Zhanxi Lin ,&nbsp;Haining Lu ,&nbsp;Ang Ma ,&nbsp;Dongmei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma</em> polysaccharides (peptides) are essential bio-macromoleculars that determine the quality of <em>Ganoderma</em>. Their molecular weight,distribution and content are influenced by factors such as origin, strain, cultivation conditions, harvesting period and processing methods. In this study, we established a molecular weight specific chromatogram using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) for <em>Ganoderma</em> glycopeptide and assessed its potential applications. The results revealed consistent molecular weight distributions across different cultivation conditions, with 6–8 characteristic peaks showing similarity values exceeding 0.93. The average molecular weight of common peaks was highest during the budding stage and lowest in the mature stage. <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> (GL) exhibited higher molecular weights compared to <em>Ganoderma sinense</em> (GS). Moreover, both molecular weight and <em>Ganoderma</em> glycopeptides decreased with prolonged growth periods. The content of GL-PPSQ₂ was significantly higher in the budding (1.63 ± 0.15%) and cap-opening stages (1.51 ± 0.12%) compared to the mature stage (1.31 ± 0.05%). Chemometrics analysis revealed distinct molecular weight profiles for different growth stages and varieties. Additionally, the HPGPC method was successfully applied to detect adulteration in <em>Ganoderma</em> extracts, identifying excipients such as maltodextrin and dextran. This study underscores the importance of molecular weight distribution and glycopeptide content as key quality control indicators, providing a rapid and reliable tool for ensuring the authenticity and quality of <em>Ganoderma</em> extracts in the market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}