Food Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Weissella paramesenteroides LAB14 mitigates the inflammation elicited by lipopolysaccharide and Salmonella through the suppression of the NF-κB and IRF pathways","authors":"Dan Xiong ,&nbsp;Mengru Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;Zeyang Ma ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Li Song ,&nbsp;Zhenquan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics have gained significant attention for their role in mitigating foodborne diseases and promoting gut health. It is necessary to identify new lactic acid bacteria exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory activity and the capacity to inhibit foodborne pathogens. An inflammatory cellular model of J774-Dual reporter macrophages was utilized to screen for lactic acid bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the screened lactic acid bacteria against <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis were assessed. The results indicated that <em>Weissella paramesenteroides</em> LAB14 showed a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation through the inhibition of the TLR4-mediated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathways. LAB14 also exhibited strong resistance to acidic and bile salt environments, along with a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of <em>S.</em> Enteritidis. LAB14 demonstrated no impact on the cell viability after co-culture with RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, <em>W. paramesenteroides</em> LAB14 significantly diminished the levels of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced by LPS stimulation, while enhancing the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, LAB14 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages infected with <em>S.</em> Enteritidis. This study effectively characterized a novel strain of <em>W. paramesenteroides</em> LAB14, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects, tolerance to acidic and bile salt conditions, and antagonistic effects against <em>Salmonella</em>. These findings present an innovative approach for identifying new probiotics with anti-inflammatory capabilities and for advancing the development of therapeutic food additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving rice fermentation flavor: Screening and evaluation of two endogenous flavor-producing strains","authors":"Wanqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zibin Hu ,&nbsp;Cuiping Yi ,&nbsp;Yang Shan ,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fermentation critically shapes flavor profiles in rice-based foods. However, flavor-friendly bacteria contributing to the natural fermentation of <em>indica</em> rice have been rarely reported. In this study, 18 strains were isolated from the natural fermentation liquid of <em>indica</em> rice. Two strains were selected based on sensory evaluation, hemolytic test, enzyme-producing ability, bacterial inhibition capacity, and acid tolerance. These strains were identified as <em>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</em> FR-21 and <em>Acetobacter orientalis</em> AO-21 using morphological characteristics and genetic sequencing. During the fermentation, both strains exhibited stable growth patterns and effective acid-producing capabilities, resulting in pH values of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. After 48 h of fermentation, <em>L. fermentum</em> FR-21 promoted the production of sweet and umami amino acids, while <em>A. orientalis</em> AO-21 significantly enhanced the formation of bitter amino acids. In addition, 43 volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) were identified in rice fermented with <em>L. fermentum</em> FR-21. These compounds were primarily aldehydes and alcohols contributing to a fermented and light fragrance. In contrast, 31 VFCs were detected in rice fermented with <em>A. orientalis</em> AO-21, dominated by acids that provided an acidic aroma. This study successfully isolated two bacterial strains that contribute distinct fermented and acidic aromas, offering potential applications in the development of fermented rice-based foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106433"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CP-1 mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via TLR/NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota modulation","authors":"Jieqiong Lin ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Han ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical condition often caused by excessive inflammation, frequently associated with bacterial infections and sepsis. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of the probiotic <em>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</em> (<em>L. rhamnosus</em>) CP-1 and its cell-free supernatant (CFS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. The findings revealed that CP-1 and CFS significantly ameliorate the pulmonary pathological changes caused by LPS and suppress pulmonary inflammation, evidenced by the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inhibition of inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and p65 protein phosphorylation. Moreover, after treatment with CP-1 and CFS, the transcriptional activity of the toll-like receptor/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR/NF-κB) signaling pathway was altered, leading to significant regulation of the expression of a series of genes related to ALI, which may serve as molecular targets for ALI therapy. Concurrently, CP-1 and CFS increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, including <em>Bacteroides acidifaciens</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium pseudolongum</em>, and <em>Faecalibaculum rodentium</em>. These changes in gut microbiota composition were correlated with reduced inflammation, suggesting that SCFA-producing bacteria may play a role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects. <em>Faecalibaculum rodentium</em>, <em>Bacteroides faecis</em>, <em>Parabacteroides goldstein</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Odoribacter</em>, and <em>Alloprevotella</em> may be beneficial microbial markers for mitigating ALI. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that <em>L. rhamnosus</em> CP-1 and its CFS pretreatment are protective against LPS-induced ALI by suppressing lung inflammation mediated by TLR/NF-κB pathway and reshaping gut microbiota. The limitations of this study include the lack of in-depth analysis of SCFAs and the insufficient exploration of the dose-dependent effects of <em>L. rhamnosus</em> CP-1. Future research will focus on elucidating the mechanisms of SCFAs and investigating a broader range of <em>L. rhamnosus</em> CP-1 doses to clarify its dose-dependent effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on enhancing the application of glucoraphenin in radish based on the decomposition mechanism","authors":"Mintong Tian ,&nbsp;Zehua Li ,&nbsp;Purui Yu ,&nbsp;Meng Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingming Li ,&nbsp;Guanghao Li ,&nbsp;Qipeng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucosinolates (GLs) serve as crucial precursors for bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs). As a GL, glucoraphenin (GRE) exhibits significant potential for diverse applications. Despite being deemed stable, massive GRE decomposed during cooking and processing. To further enhance the application of GRE, the decomposition mechanisms were investigated by initiating the decomposition reactions through manipulation of concentration, temperature, pH value, solvents, and reducing agents. The decomposition products were identified using NMR and LC-MS to further elucidate the decomposition mechanisms. The solvolysis initiated the decomposition, with the decomposition products being determined by the selective removal of either glucose or thioglucose, which was influenced by exogenous factors. The removal of thioglucose disabled the formation of ITCs, and nitrile was generated through a redox mechanism involving the removal of HS-OH. These mechanisms helped elucidate the effects of various factors on GRE decomposition and provided insights for effective utilization of GRE during the cooking or processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydopamine nanocomposite-based aptasensor for rapid detection and effective killing of Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Zehua Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu ,&nbsp;Gengli Huang ,&nbsp;Zhouping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving accurate detection and early sterilization of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) is one of the most important methods to prevent further contamination and spread of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, an aptasensor based on PDA/AuPt nanocomposites was prepared for specific binding, colorimetric detection, and photothermal inactivation of <em>S. aureus</em>. The aptamer (Apt) was immobilized on PDA/AuPt by gold-sulfur bonding (Au-S). Utilized the excellent peroxidase mimetic activity of PDA/AuPt as a colorimetric signal probe. The detection range in colorimetric mode was 1.4 × 10²-1.4 × 10⁷ CFU/mL and the detection limit (LOD) was 44 CFU/mL. The comprehensive inspection procedure can be fully completed within a 45-min timeframe. Meanwhile, the aptasensor was successfully applied to the detection of <em>S. aureus</em> in real samples with the recoveries of 99.4%–110.8%. In addition, PDA/AuPt had a photothermal conversion efficiency of 22.2%, which made it an excellent photothermal agent. After incubation of 150 μg/mL apt-PDA/AuPt with <em>S</em>.<em>aureus</em>, the solution temperature rapidly increased to 62.9 °C after 5 min of near-infrared irradiation. The bacteria were killed by high temperature, and the inactivation rate was 95%.The results confirmed the application of PDA/AuPt for detecting and killing bacteria, contributing to the establishment of a food safety control system and protecting human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into citral-induced cellular damage and its antibacterial efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"Jinming Dai ,&nbsp;Mei Bai ,&nbsp;Houzhi Fang ,&nbsp;Tariq Aziz ,&nbsp;Ashwag Shami ,&nbsp;Fahad Al-Asmari ,&nbsp;Fakhria A. Al-Joufi ,&nbsp;Maher S. Alwethaynani ,&nbsp;Haiying Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citral is widely recognized as a membrane-targeting antimicrobial, with its bactericidal activity primarily dependent on the degree of membrane damage. This study reveals its dual mechanism involving oxidative assault against <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (<em>L. monocytogenes</em>). The induced cytotoxic effects appear closely associated with citral's interaction with bacterial cell membrane components and the resultant sustained membrane dysfunction. Our results showed that sublethal concentrations of citral induced rapid depolarization in <em>L. monocytogenes</em> while progressively increasing membrane permeability. Following 1 h of citral exposure, the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species peaked. Further investigations indicated that citral could directly interact with and alter the chemical structure of reduced glutathione (GSH). Notably, exogenous GSH supplementation significantly attenuated citral's antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting that its biochemical reactivity targeting glutathione and related thiol-containing proteins plays a critical role in the antibacterial action against <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. Importantly, regardless of growth inhibition, all tested concentrations of citral significantly suppressed the hemolytic activity of <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the antimicrobial mechanisms of citral, particularly at low concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydatin mitigates seizures via mitochondrial protection: Mechanisms unraveled by network pharmacology and experimental validation","authors":"Yahong Cheng ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Ziyan Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Lei ,&nbsp;Yufang Ma ,&nbsp;Mengxin Xia ,&nbsp;Jiaying Li ,&nbsp;Gaoge Hu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the antiepileptic effects of polydatin (PD) and its potential mechanisms. Racine scoring and EEG were used to assess seizure severity in a PTZ-induced mouse epilepsy model. The results demonstrated that PD significantly reduced the intensity of seizures. Behavioral tests revealed that PD improved learning, memory, and motor coordination. Histological analysis using HE and Nissl staining showed that PD alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage. TUNEL staining further confirmed that PD effectively prevented neuronal apoptosis. Network pharmacology predicted SIRT1 as a potential target of PD, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that PD regulated mitochondrial function. Therefore, PD may reduce neuronal damage by protecting mitochondrial function through SIRT1. This process was tested both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. In a Mg²⁺-free neuronal excitability model, CCK-8, LDH, and Hoechst staining results demonstrated that PD significantly increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis. Reduced mitosox staining, along with increased activity of Complexes IV and V and ATP production, indicated that PD mitigated mitochondrial function. Gene expression studies revealed that PD activated the SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway via AMPK. In conclusion, PD exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating mitochondrial function, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn silk-derived bioactives as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: Mechanisms and applications in food preservation","authors":"Marcela Flores-Sauceda ,&nbsp;Elsa Daniela Othón-Díaz ,&nbsp;Jorge O. Fimbres-García ,&nbsp;Manuel R. Cruz-Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Vazquez-Armenta ,&nbsp;Loris Pinto ,&nbsp;Fernando Ayala-Zavala","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzymatic browning, primarily driven by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), poses a significant challenge in maintaining food quality and consumer acceptance across various sectors. This review critically examines available data on corn silk (<em>Stigma maydis</em>), an agro-industrial byproduct rich in antioxidant flavonoids (such as luteolin, apigenin, and formononetin), phenolic acids, and active carbohydrates. The gathered evidence indicates that corn silk compounds could effectively reduce PPO activity in both plant-derived and bacterial systems, suggesting they can mitigate browning through mechanisms that include direct enzyme inhibition and structural modulation of PPO's biophysical properties. <em>In vitro</em> studies further reveal that corn silk extracts enhance radical-scavenging activity and may offer antimicrobial benefits, thus contributing to improved food stability. Although promising applications range from fresh-cut produce treatments to incorporation into edible coatings and functional beverages, further research is required to optimize extraction methods, achieve formulation stability, and comprehensively assess sensory impacts and consumer acceptance. Overall, the reviewed research positions corn silk as a promising candidate for developing effective, safe, and environmentally friendly preservation strategies, while also highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to fully integrate this natural resource into modern food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification, characterization, and bioactivity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate Cicada chrysalis protein","authors":"Yuqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Dejian Huang ,&nbsp;Shangwei Chen ,&nbsp;Song Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Cicada chrysalis protein (CCP) was enzymatically hydrolyzed using alkaline protease 6L, followed by ultrafiltration and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for fractionation. The optimal peptide fractions were identified through nano-HPLC-MS/MS, leading to the discovery of four novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides: FRGF, SPRPW, GPKLF, and SYRF. The IC₅₀ values for these peptides were determined to be 1.716 mg/mL, 0.34 mg/mL, 0.118 mg/mL, and 0.026 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular interaction analysis revealed that these peptides primarily bind to key residues within the ACE active site via hydrogen bonding. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) further confirmed the binding of all peptides to the ACE active site, revealing a compensatory relationship between entropy and enthalpy during the binding process. Notably, GPKLF and SYRF were shown to significantly increase nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) while reducing endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. By inhibiting the ACE/AT1R axis and ET-1 expression, while simultaneously activating the ACE2/Ang1-7 axis and NO signaling pathway, these bioactive peptides help restore the balance of the renin-angiotensin system and enhance endothelial function, thereby exerting their protective effects on cardiovascular health. The results of this study suggest that CPP may serve as a promising source of ACE inhibitory peptides, offering a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods with antihypertensive properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the physicochemical and characteristic odor indices during the oxidation process of peeled walnut kernels","authors":"Xiebingqing Yang ,&nbsp;Xiting Hu ,&nbsp;Qian Hu ,&nbsp;Chunxi Gao ,&nbsp;Zhenglan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jihong Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinqing You ,&nbsp;Yahui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peeled walnut kernels, rich in lipids, are prone to oxidation, resulting in undesirable odors such as rancidity and pungency due to the formation of aldehydes, ketones, and acids. This study examined kernels oxidized at 60°C over varying periods, assessing odor profiles through sensory evaluation and principal component analysis (PCA) using a gas-phase electronic nose. Threshold values for physicochemical indices such as acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), total oxidation value (TOTOX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were determined based on correlation analysis and oxidation kinetic models. Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) was utilized to analyze the volatile components of peeled walnut kernels during different oxidation times, and characteristic odor indices were determined by combining relative odor activity value (ROAV) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The oxidation process was categorized into five stages (0–10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days), with significant quality deterioration noted at 15 days, marked by a consumer acceptance score below 6 and dominant rancid odors. The determined threshold values were 0.9 mg/g for AV, 1.5 mmol/kg for POV, 0.9 for p-AnV, 6.0 for TOTOX, and 3.5 μg/mL for MDA, respectively. Volatile compounds such as (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, hexanal, and (E)-2-octenal were identified as key contributors to the odor profile. Among these, hexanal and (E)-2-octenal demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for POV and p-AnV, with threshold values were 1.8 and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively. This indicates that physicochemical indicators reached the threshold values at the same time as pronounced lipid oxidation and rancidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12409,"journal":{"name":"Food Bioscience","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}